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XI- CONDITIONAL AND LOOPING CONSTRUCTS

The document covers conditional and looping constructs in Python, detailing control structures such as if-else statements, for loops, and while loops. It explains the flow of program execution, the development stages of a program, and introduces algorithms and flowcharts as tools for problem-solving. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments for practical application of the concepts discussed.

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Tanya Gupta
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10 views

XI- CONDITIONAL AND LOOPING CONSTRUCTS

The document covers conditional and looping constructs in Python, detailing control structures such as if-else statements, for loops, and while loops. It explains the flow of program execution, the development stages of a program, and introduces algorithms and flowcharts as tools for problem-solving. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments for practical application of the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

Tanya Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Informatics Practices(065)

Class : XI (2024-25)
ShriKant Yadav
PGT (Info. Pract.)
Chapter : 4
Conditional and Looping
Constructs
Introduction
• Generally a program executes from starting point to
end point.
• Some program does not execute in order.
• As per the requirement, execution order of the
program can be changed and it is also possible to
execute a program repeatedly.
• Python provides control structures to manage the
order of execution of a program, which are if-else,
for, while and jump statements like break, continue.
Types of statements
• In Python, statements are of 3 types-
» Empty Statements
• pass
» Simple Statements (Single Statement)
• name=input (“Enter your Name “)
• print(name) etc.
» Compound Statements
• <Compound Statement Header>:
<Indented Body containing multiple simple
statements/compound statements>
• Here, Header line starts with the keyword and ends at colon
(:).
• The body consists of more than one simple Python
statements or compound statements.
Statement Flow Control
• In a program, statements executes in sequential
manner or in selective manner or in iterative
manner.
Sequential Selective Iterative
Program Logic Development Tool
A program has following development stages-
1. Identification of the problem
2. Analysis of problem
3. Writing Algorithm or Designing Flowchart
4. Writing Code
5. Testing and Debugging
6. Implementation
7. Maintenance
Algorithm
• A process or set of rules to be followed in problem-
solving operations is an algorithm.
For ex-
Algorithm to add two numbers is as under-
1. Input First Number
2. Input Second Number
3. Add First Number with Second Number and store into
Third number.
4. Display Third number
Flowcharts
• A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm,
workflow or process. The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of
various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with
arrows.
For ex- flowchart to calculate simple interest is as under-

Symbols to be
used in
Flowchart
if Statement
• In Python, if statement is used to select statement
for processing. If execution of a statement is to be
done on the basis of a condition, if statement is to
be used. Its syntax is-
if <condition>:
statement(s)
like -
if-else Statement
• If out of two statements, it is required to select one
statement for processing on the basis of a condition,
if-else statement is to be used. Its syntax is-
if <condition>:
statement(s) when condition is true
else:
statement(s) when condition is false
like -
if-elif Statements
• If out of multiple statements, it is required to select
one statement for processing on the basis of a
condition, if-elif statement is to be used. Its syntax
is-
if <condition1>: like -
statement(s) when condition1 is true
elif <condition2>:
statement(s) when condition2 is true
elif <condition3>:
statement(s) when condition3 is true
else
Nested If -else

Neha Tyagi, KV 5 Jaipur


Loop/ Repetition/ Iteration
These control structures are used for repeated
execution of statement(s) on the basis of a condition.
Loop has 3 main components-
1. Start (initialization of loop)
2. Step (moving forward in loop )
3. Stop (ending of loop)

Python has following loops-


– for loop
– while loop
range () Function
• In Python, an important function is range( ). its
syntax is-
range ( <lower limit>,<upper limit>)
If we write - range (0,5 )
Then a list will be created with the values [0,1,2,3,4] i.e. from
lower limit to the value one less than ending limit.

range (0,10,2) will have the list [0,2,4,6,8].


range (5,0,-1) will have the list [5,4,3,2,1].
in and not in operator
• in operator-
3 in [1,2,3,4] will return True.
5 in [1,2,3,4] will return False.

– not in operator-
5 not in [1,2,3,4] will return True.
Table of a number by For loop

Syntax of For Loop

for <var> in <sequence>:


<statements to repeat> Output
Table of a number by while loop

Syntax of While Loop

While <LogicalExpression>:
<loop body with increment Output
or decrement>

Start
Stop

Step
Jump Statements
break Statement

while <test-condition>: for <var> in <sequence>:


statement1 statement1
if <condition>: break if <condition>: break
statement2 statement2
statement3 statement3
Statement4 Statement4
statement5 statement5
Jump Statements
break Statement

Output Output
Jump Statements
Continue Statement

while <test-condition>: for <var> in <sequence>:


statement1 statement1
if <condition>: if <condition>:
continue continue
statement2 statement2
statement3 statement3
Statement4 Statement4
statement5 statement5
Jump Statements
continue Statement

Outputofboththe
programs
Nested Loop

OUTPUT
Assignments
1. WAP to find greatest among three numbers.
2. WAP to print the result on the basis of marks
entered of a student.
3. WAP to print counting up to n.
4. WAP to print even numbers up to n.
5. WAP to print odd numbers up to n.
6. WAP to print Fibonacci series.
7. WAP to calculate xn.
8. WAP to print different patterns.

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