GATE

Civil Engineering
DPP 01
Open Channel Flow
Full Syllabus

Q1 In the analysis of an Open Channel Flow, usually (B) turbulence of the flow
if the Froude Number is less than one, the flow is (C) secondary currents
termed as (D) the obstruction caused by the velocity
(A) Supercritical Flow measuring instruments
(B) Subcritical Flow
Q6 Uniform flow in an open channel exists when the:
(C) Constant Discharge Flow
(A) Channel is frictionless
(D) Critical Flow
(B) Channel is non - prismatic
Q2 In the uniform flow in a channel of small bed (C) Channel is prismatic
slope, the hydraulic grade (D) Channel is prismatic and the depth of flow is
(A) coincides with the bed constant along the channel
(B) is considerably below the free surface
Q7 Steady flow in an open channel exists when the
(C) is considerably above the free surface
(A) flow is uniform
(D) coincides with the free surface
(B) channel is frictionless
Q3 For an open channel flow to take place between (C) depth does not change with time
two sections (D) channel bed is not curved
(A) the channel bed must always slope in the
Q8 Flooding of a river is an example of ______ flow.
direction of the flow
(A) steady and uniform
(B) the upstream depth must be larger than the
(B) unsteady and uniform
downstream depth
(C) steady and non-uniform
(C) the upstream momentum must be larger than
(D) unsteady and non-uniform
the downstream momentum
(D) the total energy at the upstream end must be Q9 Calculate S0 for a triangular channel if the depth
larger than the total energy at the down- of the channel is 5 m and the side slope is 1H:2V.
stream section. Given: Q = 5.80 m3/s, C = 40.
(A) 0.00010 (B) 0.00011
Q4 The total energy head for an open channel flow
(C) 0.00012 (D) 0.00013
is written with usual notation as H = z + y + V2/2g.
In this each of the terms represent Q10 The discharge through a circular channel section
(A) energy in Kg m/kg mass of fluid having diameter 4m which is running half is 4.35
(B) energy in N m/N of fluid m3/s and the value of slope of energy line is S0 =
(C) power in kW/kg mass of fluid 0.0003, calculate the value of C.
(D) energy in N m/ mass of fluid (A) 50 (B) 45
(C) 40 (D) 35
Q5 In open channels, the maximum velocity occurs
at a point below the free surface. This depression Q11 For a hydraulically efficient rectangular channel
of the point of maximum velocity is due to of bed width 5 m, the hydraulic radius is
(A) wind shear on the free surface

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(A) 0.5 m (B) 1.25 m (B) maximum for a given specific force
(C) 2.75 m (D) 4.25 m (C) minimum for a given specific energy
(D) minimum for a given specific force
Q12 In open channels, the specific energy is the
(A) Total energy per unit discharge Q19 Identify the correct statement
(B) Total energy measured with respect to the (A) At critical flow through a channel section, the
datum passing through the bottom of the specific energy is minimum and the specific
channel force is minimum for a given discharge.
(C) Total energy measured above the horizontal (B) At critical flow through a channel section, the
datum alternate depths merge to a single value but
(D) Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface the sequent depths differ.
of (C) At critical flow through a channel section, any
water surface disturbance wave always propagates
in both upstream and downstream directions
Q13 Depth at which specific energy is minimum is
(D) At critical flow through a channel section, the
known as
specific force is equal to the specific energy
(A) Critical depth
(B) Conjugate depth Q20 Calculate the specific energy at a point in a
(C) Alternate depth rectangular open channel whose width is 2 m,
(D) Normal depth depth 1 m and discharge 2 m3/sec. Take
acceleration due to gravity as 10 m/sec2
Q14 Specific energy of a water flow at depth “y” and
(A) 2.12 m (B) 1.05 m
width "w" is:
(C) 1.50 m (D) 1.28 m
(A) E Q2
= 2 gw 2 y2
Q2
Q21 In a rectangular channel the approaching flow is
(B) E = +y
2 gw 2 y2 subcritical as shown in figure.
(C) E Q2
= 2 gw 2 y2
−y
(D) E 3Q 2
= 2 gw 2 y2
+y

Q15 The critical depth equation for a triangular

channel is
If the width of throat is further reduced to (b <
(A) v/√−−
gy (B) (2Q2 /gZ2)1/5
bc) then the q2 shall be? (assume channel bottom
(C) (q2/g)1/3 (D) (3Q3/gZ2)1/3
is horizontal)
Q16 The most efficient channel section is: (A) More than qmax

(A) Triangular (B) Rectangular (B) More than qmax which is not possible for

(C) Trapezoidal (D) Circular upstream specific energy

(C) Less than qmax
Q17 The hydraulic mean depth for a circular pipe of (D) Less than qmax which is possible for upstream
diameter (d) and flowing full is: specific energy
(A) d/6 (B) d/4
(C) d/2 (D) d Q22 Consider the following statements regarding a
gradually varied flow in a prismatic open
Q18 In case of open channel flow, at critical depth, channel:
the discharge is:
(A) maximum for a given specific energy

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1. Total energy line remains parallel to the water (A) The flow over the hump will be supercritical
surface. (B) The flow over the hump will be critical and
2. The rate of energy loss at the section is the lowering of the upstream water
inversely proportional to dx where d is flow (C) The flow over the hump will be subcritical
depth with index x. (D) The flow over the hump will be critical and
3. In analysing the flow, the energy equation of the upstream water surface will rise
flow is not applicable.
Q27 The specific energy for a 4 m rectangular wide
4. Pressure distribution at every section can be
channel is 5 Nm/N. Determine the maximum
assumed to be hydrostatic.
discharge
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 76.00 m2/sec (B) 70 m3/sec
(A) 1 and 4 (B) 2 and 4
(C) 66.1 m3/sec (D) 76.13 m3/sec
(C) 1 and 2 (D) 2 and 3
Q28 For subcritical flow in an open channel, the
Q23 The most popular form of gradually varied flow
control section for gradually varied flow profiles
equation is expressed as (assume standard
is
nomenclature of the terms used).
s0 −sf (A) at the downstream end
(A) dy =
dx 1−αFr 2 (B) at the upstream end
dy sf −s0
(B) = (C) at both upstream and downstream ends
dx 1−αFr 2
s0 −sf (D) at any intermediate section
(C) dx =
dy 1+αFr 2
s0 −sf
(D) dx = Q29 If the channel cut shown in the figure is an
dy 1−αFr 2
economical cut, then what will be its area?
Q24 What are the dimensions of Manning's constant?
(A) L0.67 T2 (B) L0.5 T-1
(C) L0.5 T2 (D) L-0.33 T

Q25 The given figure shows a subcritical open

channel flow expansion (BC in the figure) of
rectangular crosssection. With respect to the
water level in the flume (A in the figure), the
water level in expansion BC will:
(A) A = 1.414 y2 (B) A = 0.5 y2
(C) A = 2y2 (D) A = 1.914 y2

Q30 The discharge through a channel of rectangular

section will be maximum, if:
(A) Its depth is twice the breadth
(A) Rise
(B) Its breadth is twice the depth
(B) Not change
(C) The depth is thrice the breadth
(C) Fall
(D) Its breadth is thrice the depth
(D) First rise and then fall
Q31 Choose the correct statement from following.
Q26 In a subcritical flow in a channel Δ Zm is the
P. The flow in non prismatic channel is generally
maximum height of a smooth hump that can be
varied flow.
installed to cause critical flow over the hump. If a
Q. Flow with varying velocities in prismatic
hump of height Δ Z > Δ Zm is installed then,

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channel is also varied flow. (B) The lined canals are rougher than unlined
R. Varied flow can be either steady (or) unsteady canals
(A) (P) and (Q) only (C) The lined and unlined canals are independent
(B) (Q) and (R) only of rugosity coefficient
(C) (P) and (R) only (D) None of the above
(D) (P), (Q) and (R) only
Q36 A rectangular channel of bed with 4.5 m and is
Q32 Match the list-I (Type of flow) and list-II laid on a slope of 0.0040. The depth of flow is 3
(Examples and choose the correct answer by m. Calculate the average shear stress?
using codes given below: (A) 28.76 N/m2 (B) 30.24 N/m2
List-I List-II (C) 46.06 N/m2 (D) 50.45 N/m2
Hydraulic jump at
Gradually varied Q37 In a most efficient trapezoidal section, it is
1. (P) toe of a spillway (or)
steady flow required to convey 15 m3/sec of water at a mean
sluice gate
velocity of 1.15 m/sec. The perimeter of the
Rapidly varied Surge waves in a channel is
2. (Q)
steady flow canal (A) 9.5 m (B) 3.16 m
Gradually varied Flood waves in a (C) 6.0 m (D) 8.36 m
3. (R)
unsteady flow river
Q38 A triangular channel, (θ = 45°) section about the
Back water curve
(S) vertical, carried a discharge of 10 m3/sec, with a
behind a dam
velocity of 2 m/sec. What is the approximate
Codes :
value of the Froude number of the flow?
1 2 3 4
(A) 0.40 (B) 0.50
(A) P Q R S (B) S P R Q
(C) 0.60 (D) 0.70
(C) P S R Q (D) P Q S R
Q39 In a rectangular channel carries the ratio [ Fc ] is
Q33 For circular channel running full condition and F e

the diameter of channel is ‘d’. The hydraulic depth 2.56, and the normal depth at section is 2.1 m
(d) is then the flow is?
(A) d, πd (B) d4 , d8 (A) Supercritical
d
(C) Zero, (D) d , ∞ (B) Subcritical
4 4
(C) Critical
Q34 If flow with depth less than critical depth meets (D) Flow does not exist
another flow with depth more than critical depth
is Q40 Water flowing through a rectangular channel of
(A) condition of back water curve behind dam width 5 m and having discharge as 20 m3/sec,
(B) condition of surge waves in canal the specific energy at critical depth will be?
(C) condition of hydraulic jump (A) 1.675 m (B) 1.765 m
(D) condition of flood water waves in a river (C) 1.855 m (D) 1.665 m

Q35 In open channel flow if Manning’s Rugosity Q41 A trapezoidal channel has a bed width of 2.5 m
coefficient is inversely proportional to mean and side slope of 2:1, the bottom slope of the
velocity, then channel is 0.0035. If a discharge of 13 m3/sec
(A) The unlined canals are rougher than lined passes through the channel at a depth of 1.25 m,
canals estimate the value of Chezy's co-efficient?

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(A) 40.0 (B) 52.2 Q47 A 2 m wide rectangular channel flowing at

(C) 42.6 (D) 45.0 normal depth of 1.2 m carries a discharge of 6.0
m3/sec. If at a section, the depth of flow is 1.10 m,
Q42 For a flow in a rectangular channel of width 4 m
the water surface profile at that location (a part
and depth of flow of 2.0 m the Darcy Weisbach
of gradually varied flow) is of type.
friction factor f is estimated to be 0.01. Estimate
(A) S2 (B) M2
the value of Chezy's and Manning's n.
(C) M3 (D) S3
(A) 58.58, 0.0016 (B) 58.58, 0.0012
(C) 88.58, 0.0112 (D) 66.64, 0.0112 Q48 In a supercritical flow in a rectangular channel a
smooth expansion changes the width B1 to B2,
Q43 A wide rectangular channel has longitudinal
this causes the water surface elevation after the
slope of 0.0003 and its Manning's roughness has
expansion to.
been assessed as 0.02. Calculate the normal
(A) increase
depth in this channel when the channel conveys
(B) decrease
a discharge intensity of 2.30 m3/s/m
(C) remain unchanged
(A) 1.4 m (B) 1.6 m
(D) increase (or) decrease depending upon the
(C) 1.3 m (D) 1.8 m
channel roughness.
Q44 A 2.0 m diameter circular culvert is flowing half
Q49 In a rectangular open channel, a flow whose
full and the flow is in critical state. The discharge
depth is less than critical depth meets another
of the culvert barrel is (m3/s)
flow with depth more than critical depth. Hence,
(A) 2.36 m3/s (B) 6.63 m3/s
the condition of flow is?
(C) 4.36 m3/s (D) 5.42 m3/s
(A) critical flow
Q45 Match the List I (Type of Slope) with List II (B) hydraulic jump occurs
(Condition of Slope) and choose the correct (C) hydraulic jump does not occur
answer by given codes below. (D) back water curve due to obstruction of flow

List-II (Condition of
List-I (Type of slope) Q50 A stationary hydraulic jump occurs in a
Slope)
rectangular channel with the initial and sequent
P. Mild slope 1. So > Sc & yn < yc depths being equal to 0.30 m and 1.5 m
Q. Steep slope 2. So < Sc & yn > yc respectively.
R. Horizontal slope 3. So = Sc & yn = yc The discharge per unit width of channel is
S. Critical slope 4. So = 0 & yn → ∞ (A) 1.99 m3/s/m (B) 1.88 m3/s/m
Codes : (C) 1.77 m3/s/m (D) 1.66 m3/s/m
P Q R S
Q51 A stationary hydraulic jump occurs in a
(A) 1 2 3 4 (B) 2 1 4 3
rectangular channel with the initial and sequent
(C) 1 2 4 3 (D) 2 1 3 4
depths being equal to 0.30 m and 1.5 m
Q46 If in a gradually varied flow
dy respectively
dx
is positive, then
dE The energy loss is
dx (A) 0.64 m (B) 1.26 m
(A) is always negative
(C) 0.96 m (D) 0.88 m
(B) is always positive
(C) is positive if y > yc Q52 Given the energy loss and Froude number after
(D) is negative if y > yc the jump as 6 m and 0.15 respectively.

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The discharge intensity of a rectangular channel (C) 9.855 (D) 5.238

is
Q56 Choose the incorrect pair from the following
(A) 0.4068 m3/s/m (B) 0.048 m3/s/m
statement
(C) 0.06029 m3/s/m (D) 0.6029 m3/s/m
1) Positive surge moving upstream – By dropping
Q53 Given the energy loss and Froude number after the gate at the tail of channel
the jump as 6 m and 0.15 respectively. 2) Negative surge moving downstream – By
The initial depth of the hydraulic jump in a dropping the gate at the head of the channel
rectangular channel is? suddenly
3) Negative surge moving upstream – By lifting
(A) 0.0316 m (B) 0.0431 m the gate suddenly at the downstream of a flow.
(C) 0.0867 m (D) 0.0509 m (A) 1, 2, 3
(B) 1 only
Q54 Match the List I with List II and choose the correct
(C) 2 and 3 only
answer by the codes given below
(D) none of the above
List I (Range of Froud
List-II (Type of Jump)
Ho) Q57 In a rectangular channel carrying a flow within a
A. 1.7 < Fr1 < 2.5 1. Oscillating Jump depth of 1.3 m and velocity 1.5 m/sec, a gate on
the downstream is suddenly closed. If a positive
B. 2.5 < Fr < 4.5 2. Weak Jump
surge of speed 4 m/sec traveling upstream is
C. 4.5 < Fr1 < 9.0 3. Steady Jump
produced, the height of the surge is
D. Fr > 9 4. Strong Jump
(A) 0.325 m (B) 0.955 m
Codes :
(C) 0.867 m (D) 1.30 m
A B C D
(A) 1 2 3 4 (B) 2 1 4 3 Q58 The sequent depth of hydraulic jump formed in a
(C) 1 2 4 3 (D) 2 1 3 4 horizontal rectangular channel are 0.3 m and 2.5
m. The length of the jump is
Q55 The Froude Number of the subcritical flow after
(A) 11 to 13.2 m
a hydraulic jump in a horizontal rectangular
(B) 11 m to 12.5 m
channel is 0.2. Estimate the Froude number of
(C) 11 to 15.4 m
the super critical flow.
(D) 15.4 m to 16.6 m
(A) 4.883 (B) 6.437

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Answer Key
Q1 (B) Q30 (B)

Q2 (D) Q31 (D)

Q3 (D) Q32 (B)

Q4 (A) Q33 (D)

Q5 (C) Q34 (C)

Q6 (D) Q35 (A)

Q7 (C) Q36 (D)

Q8 (D) Q37 (A)

Q9 (C) Q38 (C)

Q10 (C) Q39 (B)

Q11 (B) Q40 (B)

Q12 (B) Q41 (A)

Q13 (A) Q42 (C)

Q14 (B) Q43 (D)

Q15 (B) Q44 (C)

Q16 (C) Q45 (B)

Q17 (B) Q46 (C)

Q18 (A) Q47 (B)

Q19 (A) Q48 (B)

Q20 (B) Q49 (B)

Q21 (B) Q50 (A)

Q22 (B) Q51 (C)

Q23 (A) Q52 (D)

Q24 (D) Q53 (D)

Q25 (A) Q54 (D)

Q26 (D) Q55 (C)

Q27 (D) Q56 (D)

Q28 (A) Q57 (B)

Q29 (D) Q58 (C)

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