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Ch. 35 Subsection Summaries (20 subsections in the chapter)

The document outlines key events and themes from the beginning of the Cold War, including President Truman's leadership, the Yalta Conference, and the division of Germany. It discusses the establishment of international organizations, the rise of communism, and the US response through military and economic policies. Additionally, it highlights domestic changes in America, such as the postwar economic boom, suburbanization, and the baby boom.

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13 views

Ch. 35 Subsection Summaries (20 subsections in the chapter)

The document outlines key events and themes from the beginning of the Cold War, including President Truman's leadership, the Yalta Conference, and the division of Germany. It discusses the establishment of international organizations, the rise of communism, and the US response through military and economic policies. Additionally, it highlights domestic changes in America, such as the postwar economic boom, suburbanization, and the baby boom.

Uploaded by

14606
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch.

35 Subsection Summaries: The Cold War Begins

1.​ Truman: The "Gutty" Man from Missouri


President Harry Truman was a president who didn’t have a college degree and was
considered an average guy; he was able to tackle difficulty with courage.
2.​ Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal?
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 to discuss how
Germany would be occupied, the UN, and how to deal with the Far East (Japan and
China); the agreements weren’t binding, and Stalin broke his promises.
3.​ The United States and the Soviet Union
The US stopped providing financial aid to the USSR as the USSR wanted to create a
sphere of influence to protect it, which went against FDR’s ideals; as the US and USSR
believed in different kinds of government, they entered the Cold War.
4.​ Shaping the Postwar World
In 1944, the IMF and the World Bank were created to boost world trade and
underdeveloped areas (the US took the lead in creating these organizations unlike the
Soviets), the UN was created with big countries like the US and the USSR in charge
(the UN helped the world through UNESCO, FAO, and WHO), but it couldn’t control
nuclear warfare as neither the US or the Soviets wanted to compromise.
5.​ Thinking Globally: The Era of Globalization
FDR saw President Wilson’s failed attempt to spread the concepts of self-determination,
free trade, and democracy throughout the world, and therefore he teamed up with
Britain to spread these concepts in the post-WWII world with the Altantic Charter, to a
good extent.
6.​ The Problem of Germany
In Germany, many Nazi leaders were hanged and jailed for war crimes while Germany
was helped to recover financially; Austria and Germany were divided into 4 zones and
given to each of the Big Four powers, but as the Soviets promoted communism in East
Germany and instituted the Berlin Blockade, West and East Germany formed.
7.​ The Cold War Deepens
As the USSR became more relentless and tried to expand their country and
communism, the Truman Doctrine was made so that the US would aid countries
resisting communism; as a result, Germany and Europe received financial aid from the
US and were able to push back the communists. Meanwhile, the US recognized Israel
as a country despite threats of cut-off Arab oil.
8.​ America Begins to Rearm
As the Cold War (containing Soviet communism) raged on, Congress in 1947 passed
the National Security Act, creating the Department of Defense, the National Security
Council (NSC), and the CIA to strengthen the government's military. In 1948, the US
joined NATO to help protect European nations (as those nations protected the US).
9.​ Reconstruction and Revolution in Asia
General Douglas MacArthur helped turn Japan’s government into a democratic and
Western-style one and tried war criminals, while the Chinese government fell into the
hands of Communist Mao Zedong, turning China communist. Meanwhile, the Soviets
and US competed on atomic and H-bombs.
10.​ The Korean Volcano Erupts
In 1945, Korea was divided up along the 38th parallel, with the Soviets in the north and
the US in the south; however, in 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, leading to a
huge US response (although the UN was supposed to respond). Also, NSC-68 outlined
the US national security policy and militarized US foreign policy.
11.​ The Military Seesaw in Korea
In September 1950, the US managed to push past the 38th parallel but were pushed
back by communist Chinese "volunteers"; General MacArthur was removed for
insubordination. In July 1951, truce talks couldn’t be resolved due to prisoner exchange.
12.​ The Cold War Home Front
The US started to investigate for spies as in 1947, as Truman made the Loyalty Review
Board and the Congress made HUAC to do so; 11 communists were sent to prison
(upheld in Dennis v. United States (1951)) and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were
convicted and sentenced to death, so Republican Joseph McCarthy started falsely
accused members of the government of employing communists, and eventually the
army, after which the Senate condemned him. Also, Executive Order 9981
desegregated the armed forces.
13.​ Postwar Economic Anxieties
As the economy struggled, prices surged, and strikes were everywhere, Congress
passed the Taft-Hartley Act, which banned all union business and limited the unions’
power. "Operation Dixie" failed (southern textile workers and steelworkers goes into
unions), the Employment Act of 1946 created the Council of Economic Advisers to
advise on the economy, and the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of
Rights) sent former WWII soldiers to school.
14.​ Democratic Divisions in 1948
In 1948, the Republicans chose Thomas Dewey to run for president, while the
Democrats chose Truman (although southern Democrats chose Governor J. Strom
Thurmond); Truman won. Truman wanted to support underdeveloped countries and
stop communism ("Point Four" program) and supported a "Fair Deal" program (better
living and working conditions, which led to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social
Security Act of 1950.
15.​ The Long Economic Boom, 1950-1970
The US economy expanded rapidly from 1950s to the 1970s as US politics and society
changed (civil rights and welfare) as the US grew more prominent on the world stage;
more women entered the workforce.
16.​ The Roots of Postwar Prosperity
WWII, large military spending, and low-cost petroleum boosted the American economy
and paved the way for innovations like plastics and electronics, while productivity
soared, both in factories and on farms (due to mechanization and fertilizers).
17.​ The Smiling Sunbelt
As the economy grew, the population also moved, especially to an area called the
"Sunbelt" (15-state area along southern US) and California, as opposed to the
“Frostbelt” (Northeast), for better economic conditions and federal funding.
18.​ The Rush to the Suburbs
Many white Americans moved from the city to the suburbs due to the Federal Housing
Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA) making it better to live in the
suburbs, expanding the construction industry and leaving the inner cities to poverty and
blacks from the South.
19.​ Makers of America: The Suburbanites
As most of the people moving to the suburbs were white, the nuclear family and
automobiles flourished as cities were left to poverty, worse social issues, and southern
blacks (although some blacks moved to the suburbs).
20.​ The Postwar Baby Boom
During the 15 years after WWII, the US birth rate rose dramatically due to the "baby
boom" , although by 1973, birth rates dropped to the point where they couldn’t maintain
the existing population.

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