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The document outlines the major components of a computer, including hardware (input devices, CPU, memory/storage, output devices, and communication devices) and software (system, application, and utility software). It emphasizes the importance of understanding these components for selecting, troubleshooting, and effectively using computer systems. A summary table is provided to clarify the function of each component.

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The document outlines the major components of a computer, including hardware (input devices, CPU, memory/storage, output devices, and communication devices) and software (system, application, and utility software). It emphasizes the importance of understanding these components for selecting, troubleshooting, and effectively using computer systems. A summary table is provided to clarify the function of each component.

Uploaded by

princekumarsing68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Notes: Components of a Computer

1. Introduction

A computer is an electronic device that processes data to produce meaningful information. It


consists of hardware and software components.

2. Major Components of a Computer

A. Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can see and touch.

i. Input Devices

Used to provide data and control signals to a computer system.

Examples:

Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Microphone
Webcam

ii. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Known as the brain of the computer. It performs all processing tasks.

Components of CPU:

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logic operations.

Control Unit (CU): Directs operations of the processor.

Registers: Small, fast memory locations for immediate data.

iii. Memory/Storage

Stores data and instructions for processing.

Primary Memory (RAM, ROM):

RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary and volatile.

ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent and non-volatile.

Secondary Storage:
Hard Drive (HDD/SSD)

Optical Disk (CD/DVD)

Flash Drives

iv. Output Devices

Convert processed data into human-readable form.

Examples:

Monitor

Printer

Speakers

Projector

v. Communication Devices

Enable computers to communicate with other systems.

Examples:
Modem

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Wi-Fi Adapter

B. Software

Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.

System Software: Operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).

Application Software: Programs like MS Word, browsers, games.

Utility Software: Antivirus, file management tools.

3. Summary Table
Component Type Function
Keyboard, Mouse Input Enter data into the computer
CPU Processing Executes instructions
RAM, ROM Memory Store data and instructions
Monitor, Printer Output Display or produce results
Hard Drive, SSD Storage Save data permanently
Modem, NIC Communication Connect to networks
4. Conclusion

Understanding computer components helps in selecting, troubleshooting, and effectively using


computer systems. Both hardware and software are essential for the functioning of any
computer.

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