Scribd
Upload
6 views

Magnetism_in_Physics

Magnetism is a phenomenon resulting from electric charge motion, leading to attractive and repulsive forces, primarily observed in ferromagnetic materials. There are various types of magnets, including natural, artificial, temporary, and permanent, each with distinct properties. Key concepts include magnetic poles, fields, induction, and applications in technologies such as electric motors and MRI machines.

Uploaded by

omoyeleoluwafemi8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Magnetism_in_Physics

Magnetism is a phenomenon resulting from electric charge motion, leading to attractive and repulsive forces, primarily observed in ferromagnetic materials. There are various types of magnets, including natural, artificial, temporary, and permanent, each with distinct properties. Key concepts include magnetic poles, fields, induction, and applications in technologies such as electric motors and MRI machines.

Uploaded by

omoyeleoluwafemi8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Magnetism in Physics

1. Introduction to Magnetism

Magnetism is a physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, which results in

attractive and repulsive forces between objects. The most familiar form is ferromagnetism, found in

materials like iron.

2. Types of Magnets

- Natural magnets: Found in nature (e.g., lodestone).

- Artificial magnets: Man-made and more powerful (e.g., bar magnets, electromagnets).

- Temporary magnets: Lose their magnetism quickly (e.g., soft iron).

- Permanent magnets: Retain magnetism for a long time (e.g., hardened steel).

3. Magnetic Materials

- Ferromagnetic: Strongly attracted to magnets (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel).

- Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted (e.g., aluminum).

- Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled (e.g., copper, bismuth).

4. Magnetic Poles

- Each magnet has two poles: North (N) and South (S).

- Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

- Poles always come in pairs; you can't isolate one pole.

5. Magnetic Field

- The region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be felt.

- Represented by magnetic field lines that go from the North to South pole.

- The strength of the magnetic field is denoted by magnetic flux density (B), measured in Tesla (T).
6. Magnetic Field Lines

- They never cross.

- Closer lines = stronger field.

- Always form closed loops.

7. Earth's Magnetism

- Earth acts like a giant bar magnet due to molten iron movement in its core.

- Magnetic North and Geographic North are not the same (angle between them is called

declination).

- A freely suspended magnet aligns with Earth's magnetic field (basis of a compass).

8. Magnetic Induction

- The process by which an object becomes magnetized when placed in a magnetic field.

- Soft magnetic materials (e.g., iron) are easily magnetized and demagnetized.

- Hard magnetic materials (e.g., steel) retain magnetism.

9. Electromagnetism

- Discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted: a current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field.

- Strength of the field increases with:

- Increasing current

- More coil turns

- Presence of a soft iron core

10. Right-Hand Rule

- Used to determine the direction of magnetic field around a wire:

- Thumb = current direction


- Fingers = magnetic field direction

11. Magnetic Force on Moving Charges

- A charged particle (charge q) moving with velocity v in a magnetic field B experiences a force:

F = qvB sin(theta)

Where theta is the angle between velocity and magnetic field direction.

12. Applications of Magnetism

- Electric motors and generators

- Transformers

- MRI machines

- Magnetic storage devices (hard drives)

- Compass navigation

13. Demagnetization

Ways to remove magnetism:

- Heating

- Hammering

- Placing in an alternating magnetic field

14. Comparison: Magnetic vs Electric Field

Feature | Magnetic Field | Electric Field

-------------------|-----------------------------|------------------------------

Cause | Moving charges (current) | Static or moving charges

Field lines | Closed loops | Start from +ve to -ve charges

Direction | Determined by right-hand rule | Directly away from +ve charge

You might also like