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Silicon

Silicon is a metalloid with an atomic number of 14, abundant in the Earth's crust, and primarily found in compounds like silica. It is essential in electronics, construction materials, and various industries due to its semiconductor properties. The element was first isolated in 1824 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and is crucial for modern technology, with over 96% of electronics relying on it.

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11 views9 pages

Silicon

Silicon is a metalloid with an atomic number of 14, abundant in the Earth's crust, and primarily found in compounds like silica. It is essential in electronics, construction materials, and various industries due to its semiconductor properties. The element was first isolated in 1824 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and is crucial for modern technology, with over 96% of electronics relying on it.

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patjoshi.mansi
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Silicon Atomic Number

Atomic Symbol

Particles
Atomic Mass
SIlicon has 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and
14 electrons. It also has 4 valence
Name electrons and 3 energy shells

By: Yashika Pappur, Mansi Patjoshi, Milan Perez,


David Kim, Lydia Fang
What is Silicon? (Details)
- Silicon is a metalloid, meaning it has properties of metals and
nonmetals.
- Its atomic number is 14 and part of group 14.
- Its very abundant and found in the Earth’s crust.
- It’s a crystalline solid at room temperature.
- It is a semiconductor which means it acts like a conductor and an
insulator.
- Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid with a metallic lustre and with a
octahedral crystalline structure the same as that of the diamond form of
carbon, to which silicon shows many chemical and physical similarities.
- The melting point of silicon is 2,577 degrees fahrenheit or 1,414 degrees
celsius.
Discovery of Silicon
In 1789, early proposals of French chemist Antoine Lavoisier
suggested that a new chemical element could be found in
Jons Jacob
quartz. In 1811, Gay-Lussac and Thenard produced impure
Berzelius
amorphous silicon through isolated potassium metal and
silicon tetrafluoride. Later in 1824, Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a
Swedish chemist, successfully isolated silicon by heating
potassium in a silica (quartz) container and then carefully
washing away the by-products, leaving him with the
discovery of pure silicon. Antoine
Lavoisier
Where is Silicon Found?
Silicon is the second most abundant element
found in the Earth’s crust. In fact, 27.7% of the
earth’s crust is made of silicon. However, it’s not
usually found in a pure form, and is found
primarily as compounds like silica (sand, quartz)
and silicates (minerals including micas, feldspar,
pyroxenes, olivines) and even in water! SiO2
(quartz) silicon’s most common compound.
Uses of Silicon

- Components of electronics
(semiconductors, solar cells,
computer chips)
- Ceramics
- Metallurgy (alloying steel)
- Personal care products
- Waterproofing systems (silicone)
- Medical applications
Silicon’s importance and what life would be
like without it

Without silicon on the Earth, many building


materials would have to be much different to make
up for how useful silicon is in glass, bricks, and
cement. If silicon disappears the world would be
A tinier version of
different because silicon is one of the key this silicon
probably exists
components of most electronics. Silicon is used for within this
computer chips, transistors, and other materials device’s internal
components
that make up our modern-day devices.
Fun Facts about
Silicon

● Silicon makes up a quarter of the


earth's crust
● The term “Silicon Valley” (which is
the Bay Area) comes from the
abundance of technology
companies and their association
with silicon-based technology
● Over 96% of electronics depend on
silicon
● Silicon’s name derived from the
term “silex” which is Latin for flint
● It exists as three natural isotopes,
those being Silicon-28, Silicon-29,
and Silicon-30.
Citations

“National Library of Medicine”, Silicon, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Silicon

“Resil”, 12 Uses of Silicon, https://resilsilicones.com/blogs/news/12-uses-of-silicon-in-different-industries

“LibreTexts Chemistry”, Chemistry of Silicon (Z=14),


https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/De
scriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/Z014_Chemistry
_of_Silicon_(Z14)

“Waferpro”, 20 Interesting Facts about SIlicon, https://waferpro.com/20-interesting-facts-about-silicon/


“The Royal Society of Chemistry”, Silicon - Element information, properties, and uses,
https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/14/silicon#:~:text=Silicon%20is%20one%20of%20the,also%20used%20to%20make%20silicones.
“Britannica”, Element, Atom, Properties, Uses & Facts,
https://www.britannica.com/science/silicon
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