12 Math Chapter 01

Functions and Limits

Engineer Bilal
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1. If (2,5) lie in the graph of an odd function then which one must lie must on
the graph of function:
a) (-2 , -5) b) (-2 , 5)
c) (2 , -5) d) ( 5 , 2)

An odd function satisfy the condition f (x , y) = f (-x , -y)

So it ( 2 , 5) is on the graph of f then ( -2, -5) is also on the graph of f.

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 2𝑥
2. Domain of function y = is:
𝑥 2 −4
a) R – {±2} b) |x| > 2, 𝑥 ≠ 0
c) |x| > 2 d) R – {±2,0)

2𝑥
Function y = will be real and defined if 𝑥 2 - 4 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 > 4 ⇒ |𝑥| > 2
𝑥 2 −4

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3. Which of the following is incorrect in general :
a) 𝑓 2 = fof b) 𝑓𝑜𝑓 −1 = 1
c) gof = fog d) All are incorrect

Commutative law is invalid in composition of functions.

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 sin 𝑥
4. lim− equal to:
𝑥→0 𝑥
1
a) 0 b) 1 c) - d) does not exist
2

Function is not defined on the left side of x = 0 (i.e for x < 0) so the left hand
limit does not exist.

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 4𝑥+1
5. The equation of horizontal asymptote of function y = :
2𝑥−5
5 −1 −1
a) y = 2 b) x = c) x = d) y =
2 4 5

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The equation of horizontal asymptote is y = = 2
2
⇒𝑦=2

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6. The set of point of discontinuity of the function f (x) = lo𝑔𝑎 x is:
a) ɸ b) ( -∞, 0] c) ( -∞, 0] d) (0,∞)

Set of point for which function is not defined is also a set of point of
discontinuity . lo𝑔𝑎 x is not defined for non-positive numbers so required set
is the interval (-∞. 0]

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7. If f (x) = (x + 1)2 and g(x) = x – 1, find f(g (4))
a) 4 b) 16 c) 25 d) 9

f(g(x))= f(x - 1) = ((x -1) +1)2 = (x - 1 + 1)2 = 𝑥 2

f(g(4)) = (4)2 = 16

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8. A function is said to be even when:
a) f(x) = f(x) b) f(-x) = f(x)
c) f(-x) = -f(x) d) f(-x)f(-x)

f(-x) = f(x)

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9. If f(x) = 2x +3, g(x) = 𝑥 3 , find gof
a) 2𝑥 3 +3 b) (2x+3)3 c) 2𝑥 3 d) None of these

g (x) = 𝑥 3
gof (x) = g (f(x)) = g(2x + 3) = (2x + 3)3

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10. If f(x) = 2, find the value of f (x+2)
a) 4 b) 8 c) 2 d) 0

The function is defined as f(x) =2

This is a constant function which means for all value of x the value of f(x)
will always be 2. i.e, even if the value of x is changed by adding 2, the value
of f (x) will still be 2.
The graph of f(x) will be a horizontal line passing through the point (0,2).
Hence c is the right answer.

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 sin(6𝑥)
11. Evaluate : lim
𝑥→0 𝑥

a) 0 b) 6 c) 1/6 d) does not exist

sin(6𝑥) 6 sin(6𝑥) sin(6𝑥)

lim = lim =6 lim = 6 (1) = 6
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 6𝑥 𝑥→0 6𝑥

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 12. If f (x) = 𝑥 2 + 1 , g (x) = 5x + 1, find f (g(x))
a) 25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 2 b) 5𝑥 2 +6
c) 5𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 d) none of these

f(g(x) denotes the composition of both functions . To find f(g)(x) we have to

replace every occurrence of x in f (x) with the value g(x). So,
f(g(x)) = f (5x + 1)
= ( 5x + 1)2 + 1 = 25𝑥 2 + 10x + 1 + 1 = 25𝑥 2 + 10x + 2

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 𝑥−2
13. Vertical asymptotes of the graph f(x) = occur at:
𝑥 2 −4
a) x = -2 b) x = b c) y = 2 d) does not exist

Function is undefined at x = -2

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 2
14. If f(x) = , x > 0 find 𝑓 −1 (3) = ?
𝑥
2 4 2
a) b) 2 3 c) d)
3 9 3

2 4
f(x) = y=
𝑥 𝑥2

2 4
y= y=
𝑥 (3)2
2 4
x= y=
𝑦 9
2
𝑦=
𝑥

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15. If f(x) = 2x + 3 and fffff(x) = ax + b, then:
a) a = 32 b) a = 64 c) a = 16 d) a = 8

fffff(x) = ax + b

𝑓 𝑛 (x) = 𝑎𝑛 x + b

𝑎𝑛 = 25

𝑎𝑛 = 25 = 32

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 −𝑥
𝑒2
16. lim𝑥→0 −𝑥 =?
1+𝑒 2
a) 1 b) ½ c) 0 d) ∞

−𝑥
𝑒2
lim −𝑥
𝑥→0
1+ 𝑒2

𝑒𝑜
1 + 𝑒0

1 1
=
1+1 2 17
 5𝑛+1 𝑛
17. lim𝑛→∞ ( ) =?
5𝑛
a) 𝑒 1/5 b) 𝑒 5 c) 𝑒 −5 d) 𝑒 −1/5

5𝑛 + 1 𝑛
lim ( )
𝑛→∞ 5𝑛
After dividing numerator and denomirator from 5n we get,

1 𝑛 1 𝑛
lim (1 + ) lim (1 + ) =e
𝑛→∞ 5𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛

5𝑛
1 (𝑒)1/5
( lim 1 + )1/5
𝑛→∞ 5𝑛
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18. 𝑛= ∞
𝑛=−∞ (0.5) 𝑛
=?
a) Infinity b) 2 c) 1 d) 0

𝑛= ∞
1 𝑛
( )
2
𝑛=−∞

1 ∞
( ) =∞
2

1 −∞
( ) = 2∞ = ∞
2

When we add ∞ we get ∞

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 3𝜋 3𝜋
cos 2 − 𝑥 −cos( 2 )
19. What is the value of lim𝑥→0 =?
𝑥
a) 2 b) -1 c) 1 d) limit does not exist

Apply “L'Hôpital's rule”

Take separate derivative of numerator and denominator then apply he limit.
Answer is -1

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 ǀℎǀ
20. What is the value oflimℎ→0 =?
ℎ
a) ±1 b) 1 c) 0 d) limit does not exist

ǀℎǀ = ±ℎ

So LHL ≠ RHL

Therefore limit does not exist

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𝑒 2𝑥 −1
=?
2𝑒 𝑥
a) Sinx b) cosx c) sinhx d) coshx

1
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
sinhx = = =
2 2 2𝑒 𝑥

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22. Range of f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is:
a) R b) R – {1} c) R – {-1} d) [1, ∞)

Range of 𝑥 2 is [0, ∞)

By adding 1 we get range of 𝑥 2 + 1 that is [1, ∞)

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 3𝑥
23. f(x) = is …………function?
𝑥 2 +1
a) Even b) Odd
c) Both Even and Odd d) Neither even nor odd

3𝑥
f(x) =
𝑥 2 +1
3(−𝑥)
f(-x) =
(−𝑥)2 +1

3𝑥
f(-x) = -
𝑥 2 +1

f(-x) = -f(x)

It is an odd function
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 ǀ𝑥−2ǀ
24. What is the value of lim𝑥→2 =?
𝑥−2
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) limit does not exist

ǀ𝑥−2ǀ 𝑥−2
L.H.L = lim = lim − = -1
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2

ǀ𝑥−2ǀ 𝑥−2
R.H.L = lim = lim =1
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2

L.H.L ≠ R.H.L

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25. f(x) = secx tanx is a:
a) Odd function b) Even function
c) Neither even nor odd d) None of these

f(x) = secx tanx

f(-x) = sec(-x) tan(-x)

f(-x) = - secx tanx

f(-x) = - f(x)

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26. The domain of y = −𝑥 is:
a) (0, ∞) b) R c) (-∞, 0) d) (-∞, 0]

To make −𝑥 positive we have to put negative values in place of x so

domain is (-∞, 0].

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 1
27. The domain of the function y = is:
16−𝑥 2
a) (-4, 4) b) [-4, 4] c) R – (-4, 4) d) (4, ∞)

The domain of function is (-4, 4) because 4 and -4 we cannot put

into the function otherwise function becomes undefined.

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 1+𝑥 2
28. The range of the function f(x) = is:
𝑥2
a) [0, 1] b) (0, 1) c) (1, ∞) d) [1, ∞)

1
1+𝑥 2 The range of 1 + is:
f(x) = 𝑥2
𝑥2
1
f(x) = 1 + 1 + [1, ∞) = [2, ∞)
𝑥2
1
Range of is [1, ∞) So from given options c is correct
𝑥2
1
The range of 1 + is:
𝑥2

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29. Which of the following is an implicit function?
a) y = x – 1 b) y – 1 = 𝑥 2
c) 𝑥 2 + y + 2 = 0 d) 𝑥 2 +xy+𝑦 2 = 9

𝑥 2 +xy+𝑦 2 = 9 This is implicit function because y cannot be expressed

easily in terms of x.

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30. The only function which is both even and odd.
a) f (x) =a b) f (x) = 0
c) F (x) = x d) (a) & (𝑏)

f( x) = 0 is both even as well as odd function.

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