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Chapter 10: Object-Oriented
Programming: Polymorphism
Section 10.1 Introduction
10.1 Q1: Polymorphism enables you to:
a. program in the general.
b. program in the specific.
c. absorb attributes and behavior from previous classes.
d. hide information from the user.
Ans: a. program in the general.

10.1 Q2: Which of the following statements about interfaces is false?

a. An interface describes a set of methods that can be called on an object, providing a
default implementation for the methods.
b. An interface describes a set of methods that can be called on an object, not
providing concrete implementation for the methods.
c. Interfaces are useful when attempting to assign common functionality to possibly
unrelated classes.
d. Once a class implements an interface, all objects of that class have an is-a
relationship with the interface type.
Ans: a. An interface describes a set of methods that can be called on an object,
providing a default implementation for the methods.

Section 10.2 Polymorphism Examples

10.2 Q1: For which of the following would polymorphism not provide a clean
solution?
a. A billing program where there is a variety of client types that are billed with
different fee structures.
b. A maintenance log program where data for a variety of types of machines is
collected and maintenance schedules are produced for each machine based on the
data collected.
c. A program to compute a 5% savings account interest for a variety of clients.
d. An IRS program that maintains information on a variety of taxpayers and
determines who to audit based on criteria for classes of taxpayers.
Ans: c. A program to compute a 5% savings account interest for a variety of clients.
Because there is only one kind of calculation, there is no need for polymorphism.

10.2 Q2: Polymorphism allows for specifics to be dealt with during:

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
a. execution.
b. compilation.
c. programming.
d. debugging.
Ans: a. execution

Section 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic

Behavior
10.3 Q1: Which statement best describes the relationship between superclass and
subclass types?
a. A subclass reference cannot be assigned to a superclass variable and a superclass
reference cannot be assigned to a subclass variable.
b. A subclass reference can be assigned to a superclass variable and a superclass
reference can be assigned to a subclass variable.
c. A superclass reference can be assigned to a subclass variable, but a subclass
reference cannot be assigned to a superclass variable.
d. A subclass reference can be assigned to a superclass variable, but a superclass
reference cannot be assigned to a subclass variable.
Ans: d. A subclass reference can be assigned to a superclass variable, but a
superclass reference cannot be assigned to a subclass variable.

Section 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods

10.4 Q1: A(n) class cannot be instantiated.
a. final.
b. concrete.
c. abstract.
d. polymorphic.
Ans: c. abstract.

10.4 Q2: Non-abstract classes are called:

a. real classes.
b. instance classes.
c. implementable classes.
d. concrete classes.
Ans: d. concrete classes.

Section 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
Using Polymorphism
10.5 Q1: It is a UML convention to denote the name of an abstract class in:
a. bold.
b. italics.
c. a diamond.
d. there is no convention of the UML to denote abstract classes—they are listed just
as any other class.
Ans: b. italics.

10.5 Q2: If the superclass contains only abstract method declarations, the
superclass is used for:
a. implementation inheritance.
b. interface inheritance.
c. Both.
d. Neither.
Ans: b. interface inheritance.

Section 10.5.1 Abstract Superclass Employee

10.5.1 Q1: Which of the following could be used to declare abstract method
method1 in abstract class Class1 (method1 returns an int and takes no
arguments)?
a. public int method1();
b. public int abstract method1();
c. public abstract int method1();
d. public int nonfinal method1();
Ans: c. public abstract int method1();

10.5.1 Q2: Which of the following statements about abstract superclasses is true?
a. abstract superclasses may contain data.
b. abstract superclasses may not contain implementations of methods.
c. abstract superclasses must declare all methods as abstract.
d. abstract superclasses must declare all data members not given values as
abstract.
Ans: a. abstract superclasses may contain data.

Section 10.5.2 Concrete Subclass SalariedEmployee

10.5.2 Q1: Consider the abstract superclass below:

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
 public abstract class Foo
{
private int a;
public int b;

public Foo( int aVal, int bVal )

{
a = aVal;
b = bVal;
} // end Foo constructor

public abstract int calculate();

} // end class Foo

Any concrete subclass that extends class Foo:

a. Must implement a method called calculate.
b. Will not be able to access the instance variable a.
c. Neither (a) nor (b).
d. Both (a) and (b).
Ans: d. Both (a) and (b).

Section 10.5.5 Indirect Concrete Subclass

BasePlusCommissionEmployee
10.5.5 Q1: Consider classes A, B and C, where A is an abstract superclass, B is a
concrete class that inherits from A and C is a concrete class that inherits from B. Class
A declares abstract method originalMethod, implemented in class B. Which of the
following statements is true of class C?
a. Method originalMethod cannot be overridden in class C—once it has been
implemented in concrete class B, it is implicitly final.
b. Method originalMethod must be overridden in class C, or a syntax error will occur.
c. If method originalMethod is not overridden in class C but is called by an object of
class C, an error occurs.
d. None of the above.
Ans: d. None of the above.

Section 10.5.6 Polymorphic Processing, Operator

instanceof and Downcasting
10.5.6 Q1: When a superclass variable refers to a subclass object and a method is
called on that object, the proper implementation is determined at execution time.
What is the process of determining the correct method to call?
a. early binding.
b. non-binding.
© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
c. on-time binding.
d. late binding.
Ans: d. late binding (also called dynamic binding).

10.5.6 Q2: Every object in Java knows its own class and can access this information
through method .
a. getClass.
b. getInformation.
c. objectClass.
d. objectInformation.
Ans: a. getClass.

Section 10.5.7 Summary of the Allowed Assignments

Between Superclass and Subclass Variables
10.5.7 Q1: Assigning a subclass reference to a superclass variable is safe:
a. because the subclass object has an object of its superclass.
b. because the subclass object is an object of its superclass.
c. only when the superclass is abstract.
d. only when the superclass is concrete.
Ans: b. because the subclass object is an object of its superclass.

Section 10.6 final Methods and Classes

10.6 Q1: Classes and methods are declared final for all but the following reasons:
a. final methods allow inlining the code.
b. final methods and classes prevent further inheritance.
c. final methods are static.
d. final methods can improve performance.
Ans: c. final methods are static.

10.6 Q2: All of the following methods are implicitly final except:
a. a method in an abstract class.
b. a private method.
c. a method declared in a final class.
d. static method.
Ans: a. a method in an abstract class.

10.6 Q3: Declaring a method final means:

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
a. it will prepare the object for garbage collection.
b. it cannot be accessed from outside its class.
c. it cannot be overloaded.
d. it cannot be overridden.
Ans: d. it cannot be overridden.

Section 10.7 Case Study: Creating and Using

Interfaces
10.7 Q1: An interface may contain:
a. private static data and public abstract methods.
b. only public abstract methods.
c. public static final data and public abstract methods.
d. private static data and public final methods.
Ans: c. public static final data and public abstract methods.

10.7 Q2: Which of the following does not complete the sentence correctly?
An interface .
a. forces classes that implement it to declare all the interface methods.
b. can be used in place of an abstract class when there is no default
implementation to inherit.
c. is declared in a file by itself and is saved in a file with the same name as the
interface followed by the .java extension.
d. can be instantiated.
Ans: d. can be instantiated.

Section 10.7.1 Developing a Payable Hierarchy

10.7.1 Q1: The UML distinguishes an interface from other classes by placing the
word “interface” in above the interface name.
a. italics.
b. carets.
c. guillemets.
d. bold.
Ans: c. guillemets.

Section 10.7.2 Interface Payable

10.7.2 Q1: Interfaces can have methods.
a. 0

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
b. 1
c. 2
d. any number of
Ans: d. any number of

Section 10.7.3 Class Invoice

10.7.3 Q1: Which keyword is used to specify that a class will define the methods of
an interface?
a. uses.
b. implements.
c. defines.
d. extends.
Ans: b. implements.

10.7.3 Q2: Which of the following is not possible?

a. A class that implements two interfaces.
b. A class that inherits from two classes.
c. A class that inherits from one class, and implements an interface.
d. All of the above are possible.
Ans: b. A class that inherits from two classes.

Section 10.7.4 Modifying Class Employee to

Implement Interface Payable
10.7.4 Q1: A class that implements an interface but does not declare all of the
interface’s methods must be declared:
a. public.
b. interface.
c. abstract.
d. final.
Ans: c. abstract.

© Copyright 1992-2012 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.
Random documents with unrelated
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lo que per tu es un pur goig o torment,
sí que de la meva vida estic content,
perquè dins d'ella dues vides són.
Més si aquest esser fos descompartit
i mos sentits restessin corporals,
jo més m'estimaria abandonâ-ls,
pera esser, com tu, sols un esprit.
No ara, que tot canta en mes entranyes
i que tinc muller propria i que tinc fills,
i que en el cim de les pairals montanyes
hi ha un crit de renaixença entre perills.
De l'amor i la lluita es la meva hora
i em calen braços per aimâ i lluitâ.
Tot lo que tinc m'ho vull, i pit i fòra...
Més, què sé jo lo que voldré demà?

ADALAISA

Ditxós de tu, que pots volê am veu viva

i que ets a temps a pendre i a deixar,
i tens a casa la muller captiva
que t dóna fills i filles a estimar.
Però, digues com fou que la trobares
i aon florí l'amor i aon granà;
diga-m de com les dònes tornen mares
en aquest món on mai haig de tornar.

EL POETA

En una vall del Pireneu molt alta

un estiu la vegí per primer cop;
no la vegí sinó després molt veure-la,
perquè té la bellesa molt recòndita,
com la viola que embalsama ls boscos.
Més ara jo l'he feta rosa vera
del meu jardí, i a més ha estat fruitosa:
perquè Déu benehia ses entranyes
perquè Déu benehia ses entranyes
moltes voltes, i alguna doblement.
I els fruits ja no li caben a la falda,
i roden pel trespol, i son formosos.

Com són acostumats al bés mos llavis

i els ulls a mirâ avall cap els petits,
i a doblegar-se l cos pera estimar-los
més d'aprop, i aixecar-los en mos braços
cap al cel, prò tenint-los ben fermats!
Cada bés en cad'un té l seu gust propri:
mai he besat a dos d'igual manera,
però a tots dolçament, perquè són docils
a l'esguard maternal que a sobre ls vola
ab aquell seu imperi ferm i suau.
Ella mels agombola tot el dia
i mels vetlla de nit, fins adormida,
oh sòn de mare, que vigiles més
que tot altre vetllar!... Més, de què plores,
Adalaisa, que t sento dins la fosca?

ADALAISA

Ah! Tingués jo ls ulls oberts a llum del dia,

d'altre crit, d'altre modo ploraria.
El xiscle esgarrifós de la partera,
com de bestia ferida, em fóra grat;
i el fill que duc per vies tant extranyes,
sortiria ensagnat de mes entranyes,
i jo riuria ab riure com d'orat.
¿Què m faria l dolor, ni què l desfici,
ni tot el temps passat de sacrifici,
ni les congoixes, ni l perill de mort,
si de la vida me trobés com centre,
i sentís com l'infant, desprès del ventre,
morat d'ofec encara, arrenca l plor?
 EL POETA

Bé la conec la vostra fortalesa

quan, regalant suor, la cara encesa,
solt el cabell, com astre radiant,
al sortir de la brega gloriosa,
nos doneu l'abraçada furiosa
i vostre bés ressona com un cant!
Llavores que l marit, més fred que l marbre,
tremola encara com la fulla a l'arbre,
dret al costat del llit tempestejat,
i ajegudes vosaltres, sens memoria,
ubriagades per la gran victoria,
el rebregueu al pit,—volent més fort combat...
Més ara tu, Adalaisa, ¿què somnies
de tenî un fill, si ja no ets d'aquest món,
i en el món qu'ets no hi calen fills ni filles,
perquè ls esprits lo que han de ser ja ho són?

ADALAISA

I ¿què sabs tu ni d'aquest món ni d'altres

ni de lo que es un cos o un esperit,
ni lo que un gran desig pot en nosaltres,
restant en l'ultim ai! del nostre pit?
Tu m tens per morta i jo m tinc per viva,
més tal com si enterrada viva fos:
tinc el voler de mos sentits furiós,
perquè hi ha alguna cosa que mel priva.
Si no me la pots traure de damunt,
de què us val, doncs, poetes, la poesia?

EL POETA

Alguna veu jo sento en aquest punt

que d'altre modo no la sentiria
que d'altre modo no la sentiria.

ADALAISA

Oh! La veu sense sò del que es difunt!

No es pas aquesta la que jo voldria:
aquella eixida de mon pit de carn
que alegrament entorn me ressonava:
aquella, amic, es la que jo t deman,
i lo demés que amb ella s comportava.
I si ta poesia no pot tant,
si no m pots tornâ al món, calla i acaba.

EL POETA

Adalaisa, Adalaisa, per pietat,

al temps hi ha encara coses no sabudes:
la poesia tot just ha començat
i es plena de virtuts inconegudes.
Més ara tens raó, prou hem parlat:
esperem en silenci altres vingudes.
 INDEX
Pàgs.
Els ametllers, 5
Vistes al mar, 7
Les montanyes, 10
Retorn, 13
Represa, 17
Glosa, 18
Del Montseny, 24
Del Montjuic, 27
L'Anima, 33
La cançó del comte l'Arnau, 35
Escolium, 51
 OBRES DEL MATEIX AUTOR
Poesies (1895).
Visions & Cants (1900). Agotada.
Les Disperses (1904).
Enllà (1906).
Artículos (1904).

TRADUCCIONS
Goethe: Efigenia a Taurida (1898).
Eridon y Amina (1904).
La Marguerideta (1904).
Helle: Fisonomías de Santos (1899).
Wette: Ton y Guida (1901).
Wagner: Tristan e Isolda (1904).

FASCICLES I TREBALLS SOLTS

Elogi de la Paraula (discurs de l'Ateneu). 1903.
De la Bellesa (en la festa de Palafrugell). 1905.
Necrologies de: Joan Sardà (1900).
Doctor Robert (1903).
Jacinto Verdaguer, excursionista (1905).
De las reyals jornadas (1904).
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENLLÀ: POESIES
***

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