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Line follower Robot

The document outlines a project to build a line-following robot using IR sensors, motors, and a motor driver. It explains the working principle of the IR sensors, circuit connections, and the logic for the robot's movement based on sensor inputs. The project aims to teach fundamental robotics concepts, including sensor integration and motor control.

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1 views

Line follower Robot

The document outlines a project to build a line-following robot using IR sensors, motors, and a motor driver. It explains the working principle of the IR sensors, circuit connections, and the logic for the robot's movement based on sensor inputs. The project aims to teach fundamental robotics concepts, including sensor integration and motor control.

Uploaded by

c2x8zb2d52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEM- ROBOTICS

Project 3. Line Follower Robot

Objective:
To construct and understand the working principle of a line-following robot using basic
components like IR sensors, motors, a motor driver, and a power supply.

STEM - Skills and Concepts covered

Materials Required:
2 x IR sensor modules, 1 x Motor driver module (e.g., L298N), Power supply module (6V-12V battery),
Chassis, Connecting wires.

Principle & Working of the IR Line Sensor Module:


The IR sensor module works based on infrared light reflection. It typically consists of two parts:
IR Transmitter: This emits infrared light.
IR Receiver (Photodiode): This detects the reflected IR light.

Black surfaces (like the line to be followed) absorb IR light and reflect little to no light. The sensor output is
LOW (0) in this case.White or reflective surfaces reflect the IR light back to the receiver. The sensor output
is HIGH (1).

Circuit Connection Overview:


IR Sensors:
Place one IR sensor on the left side and one on the right side of the chassis. These will detect the black
line. Connect the VCC and GND of both IR sensors to the power supply.The output of the left sensor goes
to one input pin on the motor driver (IN1), and the output of the right sensor goes to another input pin (IN2).
DC Motors:
Connect the left motor to the output 1 and output 2 pins of the motor driver. Connect the right motor to the
output 3 and output 4 pins of the motor driver.
Motor Driver:
Connect the motor driver’s IN1 and IN2 pins to the outputs of the IR sensors.
Connect the VCC and GND of the motor driver to the power supply module.
Connect the motor driver to the DC motors as described above.
Power Supply Module:
Use a 6V-12V battery to power the motor driver module and use 5V out to power the sensors, and motors.
Ensure proper voltage matching with the components.

Movement of the Robot:


The logic behind the robot’s movement is based on the signals received from the two IR sensors:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Explanation:
Moving Forward: When both sensors detect the black line (output LOW), the robot moves forward as both
motors rotate.
Turning Right: When only the left sensor detects the black line, the robot turns right by stopping the right
motor and rotating the left motor.
Turning Left: When only the right sensor detects the black line, the robot turns left by stopping the left
motor and rotating the right motor.
Stopping: When both sensors detect a white surface, the robot stops both motors.

Steps to Build the Robot:


1.Mount the Components: Attach the DC motors to the chassis. Fix the IR sensors to the front side of the
robot with appropriate spacing between them.
2.Wiring: Connect the motors, sensors, and power supply as described in the circuit overview.
3.Power On: Supply power to the motor driver module and IR sensors using the power supply module.
4.Test: Place the robot on a track with a black line on a white surface. Observe the movement of the robot
based on the IR sensor inputs.

Conclusion:

By constructing a line follower robot, we can learn how basic sensors interact with a motor control system
to create autonomous movement. This project introduces key concepts in robotics, such as sensor
integration, logic-based movement control, and basic circuit connections.

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