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Data Communication

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Data Communication

Uploaded by

rtasfikur252
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Communication

The term “Data Communication” comprises two words: Data and Communication. Data can be
any text, image, audio, video, and multimedia files. Communication is an act of sending or
receiving data.

COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION:


There have five components for data communication: Sender, Receiver, Message, Communication
media, Protocols.

Sender: A sender is a computer or any such device which is capable of sending data over a
network. It can be a computer, mobile phone, smartwatch, walkie-talkie, video recording device,
etc.
Receiver: A receiver is a computer or any such device which is capable of receiving data from the
network. It can be any computer, printer, laptop, mobile phone, television, etc. In computer
communication, the sender and receiver are known as nodes in a network.
Message: It is the data or information that needs to be exchanged between the sender and the
receiver. Messages can be in the form of text, number, image, audio, video, multimedia, etc.
Communication media: It is the path through which the message travels between source and
destination. It is also called medium or link which is either wired or wireless. For example, a
television cable, telephone cable, ethernet cable, satellite link, microwaves, etc.
Protocols: It is a set of rules that need to be followed by the communicating parties in order to
have successful and reliable data communication. You have already come across protocols such
as Ethernet and HTTP.

Bandwidth: Bandwidth of a channel is the range of frequencies available for transmission of


data through that channel. Higher the bandwidth, higher the data transfer rate. Normally,
bandwidth is the difference of maximum and minimum frequency contained in the composite
signals. Bandwidth is measured in Hertz (Hz).
1 KHz =1000 Hz
1 MHz =1000 KHz = 1000000 Hz
TYPES OF DATA COMMUNICATION:
Data communication between different devices are broadly categorized into 3 types: Simplex
communication, Half- duplex communication, and Full-duplex communication.
Simplex Communication: It is a one way or unidirectional communication between two devices
in which one device is sender and other one is receiver. Devices use the entire capacity of the link
to transmit the data. It is like a one-way street where vehicles can move in only one direction. For
example, data entered through a keyboard or audio sent to a speaker are one-way communications.

Half-duplex Communication It is two way or bidirectional communication between two devices


in which both the devices can send and receive data or control signals in both directions, but not
at the same time. While one device is sending data, the other one will receive and vice-versa.
Example: walkie-talkie

Full-duplex Communication It is two way or bidirectional communication in which both devices


can send and receive data simultaneously. It is like a two-way road where vehicles can go in both
directions at the same time.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA:

Wired Transmission Media:


(A) Twisted Pair Cable A twisted-pair consists of two copper wires twisted like a DNA helical
structure. Both the copper wires are insulated with plastic covers. Usually, a number of
such pairs are combined together and covered with a protective outer wrapping.

(B) Coaxial cable Coaxial cable is another type of data transmission medium. It is better
shielded and has more bandwidth than a twisted pair. It has a copper wire at the core of the
cable which is surrounded with insulating material. The insulator is further surrounded with
an outer conductor (usually a copper mesh). This outer conductor is wrapped in a plastic
cover. The key to success of coaxial cable is its shielded design that allows the cable's
copper core to transmit data quickly, without interference of environmental factors. These
types of cables are used to carry signals of higher frequencies to a longer distance.
(C) Optical Fiber: The optical fiber cable carries data as light, which travels inside a thin fiber
of glass. Optic fiber uses refraction to direct the light through the media. A thin transparent
strand of glass at the center is covered with a layer of less dense glass called cladding.
Signals can travel longer distances and electromagnetic noise cannot affect the cable.

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