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Forest and Wildlife resources (2)

The document discusses various community-led initiatives and government actions in India aimed at conserving forests and wildlife, highlighting the importance of these resources for cultural diversity, women's livelihoods, and poverty alleviation. It details specific movements like the Chipko Movement and programs such as Joint Forest Management that involve local communities in conservation efforts. Additionally, it outlines the legal framework established by the Indian Wildlife Protection Act and the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks to protect endangered species.

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8 views3 pages

Forest and Wildlife resources (2)

The document discusses various community-led initiatives and government actions in India aimed at conserving forests and wildlife, highlighting the importance of these resources for cultural diversity, women's livelihoods, and poverty alleviation. It details specific movements like the Chipko Movement and programs such as Joint Forest Management that involve local communities in conservation efforts. Additionally, it outlines the legal framework established by the Indian Wildlife Protection Act and the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks to protect endangered species.

Uploaded by

tasmaymshingane0203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forest and Wildlife Resources

1) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in
India. What moral lessons you have learnt from this? [CBSE 2014]
Answer: (i) In Sariska Tiger Reserve : Rajasthani villagers have fought against mining
by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas, villagers themselves are
protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement.
(ii) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared
about 1,200 hectares of forest area as the ‘Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri. The community
has declared their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting and are
protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
(iii) Many states have launched the Joint Forest Management programme to involve
local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. Odisha was
the first state to launch this programme.
(iv) Improper farming techniques, defective methods of farming are also responsible
for depletion of our biodiversity. So many farmers and citizen groups support the Bee)
Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have developed or are using various crop
production methods which do not use synthetic chemicals for growing crops.
(v) The famous Chipko Movement was launched by the women of Chamoli in
northern India, saved more than 12,000 s km. area of forests just by hugging the trees
when the lumberjacks attempted to cut them.
2) “Forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment in the
subcontinent.” Explain. [CBSE 2012, 2013]
Answer: (i) Loss of cultural diversity : The loss of forest and wildlife is not just a
biological issue but it is also correlated with cultural diversity. There are many forests-
dependent communities, which directly depend on various components of the forests
and wildlife for food, drinks, medicines, etc. Many of tribal communities like Muria
Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc., have lost their habitat because of the destruction of
forests.
(ii) Impact on women : Even among the poor, women are affected more than men. In
many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder,
water and other basic needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women
increases. Most of the time they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect the basic
necessities. This causes serious health problems for women in the negligence of home
and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social
implications.
(iii) Poverty : Deforestation is also responsible for poverty. It is considered as a direct
outcome of environmental destruction. Most of the poor people or tribal people
depend on forests for their basic needs. Now if the forests are destroyed, these poor
people will be deprived of the basic necessities.
3) Write four steps taken by the Government for conservation of wildlife.
Answer:
Five steps that have been taken to protect the wildlife in India:

1. Under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972, an All India list of
protected species was published. The thrust was on protecting the
remaining population of certain endangered species by –

 banning hunting,

 giving legal protection to their habitats and

 restricting trade in wildlife.

2. Many wildlife sanctuaries have been developed and National Parks have
been set up.
3. Many projects have been started for protecting specific animals which
were gravely threatened, eg. Project Tiger, One-horned Rhino, the
Kashmir Stag (hangul), three types of crocodiles —the fresh water, salt-
water and Gharials, the Asiatic Lion, etc.
4. Most recently, some animals have been given full or partial legal
protection against hunting and trading throughout India, eg., Indian
elephant, black buck, great Indian bustard and the snow leopard, etc.
5. Setting up of biosphere reserves for conserving flora and fauna in their
natural surroundings and protection of wetland ecosystems is another step
taken in this direction.

4) “Conservation of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has become


essential.” Explain.
Or
Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife resources? Explain any two steps
taken by the communities to protect our forest and wildlife resources. [CBSE 2013]
Or
Why is conservation of forests and wildlife necessary? In what way have conservation
projects changed in the recent years? [CBSE 2010]
Or
Assess the need for the conservation of forests and wildlife in India. [CBSE 2012]
Answer: (i) Loss of cultural diversity : The loss of forest and wildlife is not just a
biological issue but it is also correlated with cultural diversity. There are many forests-
dependent communities, which directly depend on various components of the forests
and wildlife for food, drinks, medicines, etc. Many of tribal communities like Muria
Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc. have lost their habitat because of the destruction of
forests.
(ii) Complex web of living organisms : We humans along with all living organisms
form a complex web ecological system in which we are only a part and very much
dependent on this system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and
micro-organisms recreate the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the
soil that produce our food without which we cannot survive.
(iii) Large scale destruction of forests : Between 1951 and 1980, according to the
Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 s km of forest areas were converted into
agricultural lands all over India.
5) What are the main objectives of JFM? [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2014]
Answer: (i) Under the Joint Forest Management programme, local communities are
involved in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
(ii) The major purpose of the JFM is to protect the forests from encroachments,
grazing, theft and fire and also to improve the forests in accordance with an approved
Joint Forest Management plan.
(iii) In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits
like non-timber forest produces.
6) Write four major reasons for the depletion of forest cover.
Answer:

1. Deforestation for agricultural purposes.


2. Shifting cultivation which is still practised in substantial parts of tribal
belts.
3. Large-scale development of river valley projects.
4. Mining activities have also resulted in deforestation. For example, the
tiger reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened by the ongoing
dolomite mining.
5. Environmental pollution and forest fires have also led to depletion of
forests.

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