MEC103

MODULE 2

Statically Indeterminate
Structures
 Statically Indeterminate Members

Objective:

You should be able to…

• analyze indeterminate structures
 Statically Indeterminate Members
In many simple structures and mechanical systems constructed with
axially loaded members, it is possible to determine the reactions at
supports and the internal forces in the individual members by drawing
free-body diagrams and solving equilibrium equations. Such structures
and systems are classified as statistically determinate structure.

• When the reactive forces or the internal resisting forces over a cross
section exceed the number of independent equations of equilibrium,
the structure is called statically indeterminate. These cases require the
use of additional relations that depend on the elastic deformations in
the members.
 Statically Indeterminate Members
For other structures and mechanical systems, the equations fofr
equilibrium alone are not sufficient for the determination of axial forces
in the members and reactions at supports. In other words, there are not
enough equilibrium equations to solve for all of the unknowns in the
system. These structures and systems are termed statically
indeterminate. Structures of this type can be analyzed by
supplementing the equilibrium equations with additional equations
involving the geometry of the deformations in the members of the
structure or system. The general solution process can be organized into
five step procedure.
 Statically Indeterminate Members
Step 1. Equilibrium Equations: Equations expressed in terms of the unknown
axial forces are derived for the structure geometry but equilibrium
considerations.
Step 2. Geometry of Deformation: The geometry of the specific structure is
evaluated to determine how the deformations of the axial members are related.
Step 3: Force Deformation Relationships: The relationship between the internal
force in an axial member and its corresponding elongations is expressed by the
𝑃𝐿
equations: 𝛿 = .
𝐴𝐸
Step 4: Compatibility Equations: The force-deformation relationships are
substituted into the geometry of deformation equations to obtain an equation
that is based on the structure’s geometry but expressed in terms of the
unknown axial forces.
The equilibrium equations and the compatibility equations are Step 5: Solve the
equations: solved simultaneously to compute the unknown axial forces.
 Example No. 1 A steel bar 50mm in diameter and 2m long is surrounded by a shell
of a cast iron 5mm thick. Compute the load that will compress the combined bar a
total of 0.8mm in the length of 2m. For, Steel E = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎, and for cast iron, E –
100GPa.

Required:
Given:
𝑃𝑇 =? 𝑃𝐿
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝛿=
𝐸𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 100𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝐸
𝛿 = 𝛿𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝛿𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 0.8𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝐿
𝛿𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 =
𝐴𝐸 σ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 + 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 2000𝑚𝑚
0.8𝑚𝑚 = 𝑃 = 11,000𝜋 + 50,000𝜋
1
𝜋 602 − 502 100000𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑃 = 61,000𝜋𝑁
4
𝑷𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝑵 𝑃 = 191.64𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 2000
0.8𝑚𝑚 =
1
𝜋 502 200,000
4
𝑷𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝑵
 Example no. 2 The lower ends of the three bars in Figure shown below are at the
same level before the uniform rigid block weighing 40 kips is attached. Each steel
bar has a length of 3 ft, and area of 1.0 in.² , and E = 29 × 106 psi. For the
bronze bar, the area is 1.5 in.² and E = 12 × 106 psi. Determine (a) the length of
the bronze bar so that the load on each steel bar is twice the load on the bronze
bar, and (b) the length of the bronze that will make the steel stress twice the
bronze stress.
Given:
𝑊 = 40 kips
𝐿𝑠𝑡 = 3𝑓𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 1.0𝑖𝑛2
E = 29 × 106 psi a) Condition:
𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 1.5𝑖𝑛2 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 2𝑃𝑟 eq. 1
E = 12 × 106 psi σ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
𝑃𝑆𝑡 + 𝑃𝑏𝑟 + 𝑃𝑠𝑡 − 40,000𝑙𝑏 = 0
Required:
2𝑃𝑠𝑡 + 𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 40,000𝑙𝑏 eq. 2
a) 𝐿𝑏𝑟 =? 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 2𝑃𝑟 𝑏. 𝛿𝑠𝑡 = 2𝛿𝑏𝑟 Substitute eq. 1 to eq. 2
2 2𝑃𝑏𝑟 + 𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 40,000𝑙𝑏
𝐿𝑏𝑟 =? 𝑃𝑟 = 2𝑃𝑠𝑡
5𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 40,000𝑙𝑏
Conversion: 𝑷𝒃𝒓 = 𝟖, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃
1,000𝑙𝑏 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 2(8,000𝑙𝑏)
𝑊 = 40𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑥 = 40,000𝑙𝑏
1𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑷𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃
Example no. 2 The lower ends of the three bars in Figure shown below are at
the same level before the uniform rigid block weighing 40 kips is attached.
Each steel bar has a length of 3 ft, and area of 1.0 in.² , and E = 29 × 106
psi. For the bronze bar, the area is 1.5 in.² and E = 12 × 106 psi. Determine
(a) the length of the bronze bar so that the load on each steel bar is twice the
load on the bronze bar, and (b) the length of the bronze that will make the
steel stress twice the bronze stress.
𝛿𝑏𝑟 = 𝛿𝑠𝑡
𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
=
𝐴𝐸 𝑏𝑟 𝐴𝐸 𝑠𝑡
8,000 𝐿𝑏𝑟 16,000 3𝑥12
6
=
1.5 12𝑥10 1.0 29𝑥106
8,000 (29𝑥106 ) 1 𝐿𝑏𝑟 = 1.5𝑥12𝑥106 16,000𝑥36
1.0368𝑥1013
𝐿𝑏𝑟 =
2.32𝑥1011
𝐿𝑏𝑟 = 44.689𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑏𝑟 = 44.689𝑖𝑛 𝑥
12𝑖𝑛
𝑳𝒃𝒓 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝒇𝒕
 Example no. 2 The lower ends of the three bars in Figure shown below are at
the same level before the uniform rigid block weighing 40 kips is attached.
Each steel bar has a length of 3 ft, and area of 1.0 in.² , and E = 29 × 106
psi. For the bronze bar, the area is 1.5 in.² and E = 12 × 106 psi. Determine
(a) the length of the bronze bar so that the load on each steel bar is twice the
load on the bronze bar, and (b) the length of the bronze that will make the
steel stress twice the bronze stress.

b) Condition:
𝜎 = 2𝜎𝑏𝑟 eq. 3

σ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
2𝑃𝑠𝑡 + 𝑃𝑟 = 40,000𝑙𝑏
2 𝜎𝐴𝑠𝑡 + 𝜎𝑏𝑟 𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 40,000 eq. 4

Substitute eq2. to eq. 3

𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 2𝛿𝑏𝑟
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 2 7272.727 psi
2 2𝜎𝐴𝑠𝑡 + 𝜎𝑏𝑟 𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 40,000
𝝈𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝒑𝒔𝒊
4𝜎𝑏𝑟 1.0 + 1.5𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 40,000
5.5𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 40,000
𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟐𝟕 psi
Example no. 2 The lower ends of the three bars in Figure shown below are at
the same level before the uniform rigid block weighing 40 kips is attached.
Each steel bar has a length of 3 ft, and area of 1.0 in.² , and E = 29 × 106
psi. For the bronze bar, the area is 1.5 in.² and E = 12 × 106 psi. Determine
(a) the length of the bronze bar so that the load on each steel bar is twice the
load on the bronze bar, and (b) the length of the bronze that will make the
steel stress twice the bronze stress.
𝛿𝑏𝑟 = 𝛿𝑠𝑡
𝜎𝐿 𝜎𝐿
=
𝐸 𝑏𝑟 𝐸 𝑠𝑡
7272.727𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝐿𝑏𝑟 14545.455𝑝𝑠𝑖 3𝑥12 𝑓𝑡
=
12𝑥106 𝑝𝑠𝑖 29𝑥106 𝑝𝑠𝑖
7272.727 29𝑥106 𝐿𝑏𝑟 = 14545.455 12𝑥106 36𝑓𝑡
6.284𝑥1012 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑏𝑟 =
2.109𝑥1011

𝑳𝒃𝒓 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟗𝟑𝒊𝒏

 Example No. 3 Figure (a) shows a rigid bar that is supported by a pin at A and two rods, one
made of steel and the other of bronze. Neglecting the weight of the bar, compute the stress
in each rod caused by the 50-kN load, using the following data:

Conversion:
103 𝑁
𝑃 = 50𝑘𝑁𝑥 = 5𝑥104 𝑁
1𝑘𝑁
109 𝑃𝑎
𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎𝑥 1𝐺𝑃𝑎 = 2𝑥1011 Pa
Given: 109 𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 50,000𝑘𝑁 𝐸𝑏𝑟 = 83𝐺𝑃𝑎𝑥 = 8.3𝑥1010 𝑃𝑎
1𝐺𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 600𝑚𝑚2 1𝑚2
2
𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 300𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 600𝑚𝑚 𝑥
1000𝑚𝑚 2
𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 6𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝐸𝑏𝑟 = 83𝐺𝑃𝑎
1𝑚2
Required: 𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 300𝑚𝑚 𝑥2

𝜎𝑠𝑡 =? 1000𝑚𝑚 2
𝐴𝑏𝑟 = 3𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝜎𝑏𝑟 =?
Example No. 3 Figure (a) shows a rigid bar that is supported by a pin at A and two rods, one
made of steel and the other of bronze. Neglecting the weight of the bar, compute the stress
in each rod caused by the 50-kN load, using the following data:

Equilibrium

+ σ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
0.6𝑚 𝑃𝑠𝑡 + 1.6𝑚 𝑃𝑏𝑟 − 5𝑥105 2.4 = 0
0.6𝑚 𝑃𝑠𝑡 + 1.6𝑚 𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 5𝑥104 2.4
0.6𝑚 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 12𝑥107 Nm−1.6𝑚 𝑃𝑏𝑟
12𝑥107 Nm − 1.6𝑚 𝑃𝑏𝑟
𝑃𝑠𝑡 =
0.6𝑚
5
𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 2𝑥10 − 2.667𝑃𝑏𝑟 eq. 1
Example No. 3 Figure (a) shows a rigid bar that is supported by a pin at A and two
rods, one made of steel and the other of bronze. Neglecting the weight of the bar,
compute the stress in each rod caused by the 50-kN load, using the following data:

Compatibility. The displacement of the bar, consisting of a

rigid body rotation about A, is shown in Figure C. From
similar triangles, the elongation of the supporting rods
must satisfy the compatibility condition:

𝛿𝑠𝑡 𝛿𝑏𝑟
=
0.6𝑚 1.6𝑚
𝑃𝐿
Hooke’s Law: 𝛿 =
𝐸𝐴
1 𝑃𝐿 1 𝑃𝐿
=
0.6 𝐸𝐴 𝑠𝑡
1.6 𝐸𝐴 𝑏𝑟
 Example No. 3 Figure (a) shows a rigid bar that is supported by a pin at A and two
rods, one made of steel and the other of bronze. Neglecting the weight of the bar,
compute the stress in each rod caused by the 50-kN load, using the following
data:

1 𝑃𝑠𝑡 1.0𝑚 1 𝑃𝑏𝑟 2𝑚

=
0.6𝑚 𝑁 1.6𝑚 8.3𝑥1010 𝑁 3𝑥10−4 𝑚2
2𝑥1011 2 6𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2
1.389𝑥10−8 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 5.02𝑥10−8 𝑃𝑏𝑟
5.02𝑥10−8 𝑃𝑏𝑟
𝑃𝑠𝑡 =
1.389𝑥10−8
𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 3.614𝑃𝑏𝑟 eq. 2
Equating equation 1 and equation 2, solve for 𝐏𝐛𝐫
Using equation 2 2𝑥108 − 2.667𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 3.614𝑃𝑏𝑟 Using eq. 1
3.614𝑃𝑏𝑟 + 2.667𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 2𝑥105 𝑁 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 2𝑥105 − 2.667 31,842.063
𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 3.614𝑃𝑏𝑟
6.281𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 2𝑥105 𝑁 𝑷𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟕𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝑵
𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 3.614 31,842.063𝑁 2𝑥105 𝑁 𝑷𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑵
𝑷𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟕𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝑵 𝑃𝑏𝑟 =
6.281
𝑷𝒃𝒓 = 𝟑𝟏, 𝟖𝟒𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟑𝑵
Example No. 3 Figure (a) shows a rigid bar that is supported by a pin at A and two
rods, one made of steel and the other of bronze. Neglecting the weight of the bar,
compute the stress in each rod caused by the 50-kN load, using the following
data:

𝑃𝑠𝑡 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑵

𝜎𝑠𝑡 = =
𝐴𝑠𝑡 6𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 191,795,361.7𝑃𝑎
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 191.795𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑃𝑏𝑟 𝟑𝟏, 𝟖𝟒𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟑𝑵

𝜎𝑏𝑟 = =
𝐴𝑏𝑟 3𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 106,140,210𝑃𝑎
𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝐌𝑷𝒂
Instructions:
1. Solve the following problem systematically and box the final answer
with its appropriate units.
2. Write the question and the complete solution on the prescribed
format.
3. Draw the FBD diagram and label them properly.
4. Passed your learning task on time.
5. Use short bond paper.
Example No. 1 The rigid bar ABC is supported by the pin at B and the steel rod CD.
Determine the largest vertical force R that can be applied at A if the stress in the rod must
not exceed 160 MPa and the vertical movement of A is limited to 1.44mm

PCD

Figure 1
 Learning Activity Onsite No. 4 Seat Work on
Statically Indeterminate Structure

2. The rigid bar AB is supported by two rods made of the same material. If the bar is
horizontal before the load P is applied, find the distance x that locates the position
where P must act if the bar is to remain horizontal. Neglect the weight of bar AB.

Figure 2
 Learning Activity Onsite No. 4 Seat Work on
Statically Indeterminate Structure

3. The rigid platform in Fig. has negligible mass and rests on two steel bars,
each 250.00 mm long. The center bar is aluminum and 249.90 mm long.
Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after the center load P = 400 kN has
been applied. For each steel bar, the area is 1200 mm2 and E = 200 GPa. For the
aluminum bar, the area is 2400 mm2 and E = 70 GPa.

Figure 3