Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

42. How will you find the valency of chlorine, Sulphur and magnesium?
Ans: The valency of electrons is determined by electrons present in the
outermost shell of an atom. Electrons present in the outermost shell of an
atom are known as the valence electrons. Those electrons determine the
valency of that atom.
The atomic number of chlorine is 17 and the electronic configuration is 2,8,7.
Thus chlorine has 7 electrons in the outermost shell and to complete its octet
it needs 1 more electron. So the valency of chlorine is one.
The atomic number of Sulphur is 16 and the electronic configuration is 2,8,6.
Thus Sulphur has 6 electrons in the outermost shell and to complete its octet it
needs 2 more electrons. So the valency of Sulphur is two.
The atomic number of Magnesium is 12 and the electronic configuration is
2,8,2.
Thus Magnesium has 2 electrons in the outermost shell. It is easy to give
away two valence electrons. So the valency of Magnesium is two.

43. Describe Bohr’s model of the atom.

Ans: There are some drawbacks in Rutherford’s atomic model. So to
overcome this and to explain the structure of atoms in detail Neil Bohr in 1912
proposed a model of atoms. The postulates of Bohr’s model are given below:
 An electron revolves around the nucleus in the orbit of an atom with
fixed energy.
 Energy of orbits increases from inner shell to the outer shells i.e. energy
for orbit nearest the nucleus is lowest.
 If energy is supplied then the electron moves from lower orbit to the
higher orbit and if an electron jumps from higher orbit (energy level) to
the lower orbit (energy level) then energy is emitted as electromagnetic
waves.
 Each orbit or shell represents an energy level by an integer number as
n=1,2,3,…. Such orbits are characterized as K,L,M,N……….. and titled
from nucleus side to outwards.

44. Compare all the proposed models of an atom given in this chapter.
Ans: There are three proposed models of an atom are discussed in detail i.e.
Thomson’s model, Rutherford’s model and Bohr’s model.
The comparison between the three is given below:

Thomson’s model Rutherford’s model Bohr’s model

According to Bohr’s
This model explains
According to Thomson's model electrons
that there is a nucleus
model, an atom has revolve around the
in the center of an
negatively charged electrons nucleus in a specific
atom and electrons
in a positively charged path known as orbits
revolve around that
sphere. So the atom as a or shells with a fixed
nucleus.
whole is neutral as negative energy.
The arrangement of
and positive charges are An electron has
electrons is not
equal in magnitude. complete atomic
explained in this model
This model fails to explain the shells thus the atom
thus it seems to be
stability of an atom. becomes more
incomplete.
stable.

45. Summarize the rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various

shells for the first eighteen elements.
Ans: The following rules are followed for writing the number of electrons in
different energy levels or shells:
 The maximum number of electrons existing in a shell is given by the
formula 2�2, where ‘n’ is the orbit number or energy level and is equal
to 1,2,3,…
 Hence the maximum number of electrons in different shells are as
follows:
In the first orbit or also known as K-shell it will be 2×12=2 (n=1).
In the second orbit or also known as L-shell will be 2×22=8 (n=2).
In the third orbit or also known as M-shell will be 2×32=18 (n=3) and so
on.
 In the outermost shell the maximum number of electrons can be 8.
 First inner shells are filled then outer shells are filled. Electrons are not
put up in a given shell, unless the inner shells are filled. That

46. Explain following with examples and Give any two uses of isotopes.
i. Atomic number
Ans: Atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons present
inside the nucleus of that atom. It is represented by Z.
ii. Mass number
Ans: The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of masses of protons and
neutrons present in its nucleus. It is represented by A. For example, the mass
number of Carbon is 12 u because it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its
nucleus.
iii. Isotopes
Ans: Isotopes are atoms which have identical atomic numbers but different
mass numbers. Examples of isotopes are 612�,614�.
iv. Isobars
Ans: Isobars are atoms that have different atomic numbers but the same
mass number. Examples of isobars are 1840��,1940�. Total number of
neutrons is the same in the atoms.
Two uses of isotopes are as follows:
 An isotope of uranium is used in nuclear reactors as a fuel.
 An isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.

47. Complete the following table.

Name of the
Atomic Mass Number of Number Number of
atomic
number number neutrons of protons electrons
species
9 - 10 - - -
16 32 - - - Sulphur
- 24 - 12 - -
- 2 - 1 - -
- 1 0 1 0 -

Ans: The complete table is as follows:

Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of the

number number neutrons protons electrons atomic species
 9 19 10 9 9 Fluorine
16 32 16 16 16 Sulphur
12 24 12 12 12 Magnesium
1 2 1 1 1 Deuterium
1 1 0 1 0 Hydrogen ion

5 Important Topics from Class 9 Science Chapter 4 Structure

of the Atom
S.No
Topic Description
.
Basic understanding of atoms, subatomic
Atomic Theory and
1. particles (protons, neutrons, electrons), and
Structure
their arrangement.
Discovery of J.J. Thomson’s discovery of the electron and
2.
Electron the cathode ray experiment.
Rutherford's Rutherford’s gold foil experiment and the
3.
Experiment discovery of the nucleus in the atom.
Bohr’s Model of the Bohr's theory of electron orbits and energy
4.
Atom levels in atoms.
Atomic Number and Understanding atomic number, mass number,
5.
Mass Number and how they relate to the structure of atoms.

Tips to Learn Class 9 Science Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

 Start by understanding the fundamental concepts like the atom, its
structure, and the subatomic particles—protons, neutrons, and
electrons. Knowing these basics will help you grasp more complex
topics in the chapter.
 Study the evolution of atomic models, including Dalton’s, Thomson’s,
Rutherford’s, and Bohr’s models. Pay attention to the experiments and
observations that led to their development.
  Practice calculating atomic number and mass number, as this is a
crucial concept in understanding atoms and isotopes.
 Draw and label the structure of an atom, showing protons, neutrons,
and electrons in different shells. This will help in visualizing the structure
and recalling information.
 Focus on the important questions related to atomic structure, such as
the properties of subatomic particles and the characteristics of different
atomic models. Solve previous years’ question papers and sample
papers to strengthen your concepts.
 Regular revision is key to mastering any topic. Make short notes, and
revise them regularly to retain the information.

Key Benefits of CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 4 Important

Questions
Here are some of the benefits of referring to Class 9 Science Chapter 4
Important Questions:

1. Awareness of Key Topics: Practising important questions provides a

clear understanding of the crucial topics covered in the chapter.
2. Skill Development: Solving these questions enhances time
management and problem-solving skills across all vital topics.
3. Understanding Question Formats: Students gain insights into the
difficulty levels and various question formats that may appear in exams.
4. Confidence Boost: Repeated practice instils confidence in students,
making them more assured in tackling exam questions.
5. Versatility in Exam Preparation: Students become well-prepared to
handle any type of questions that may arise in the exam.

Conclusion
Students can find the important question of structure of atom Class 9 on
Vedantu, which has been prepared by experts to help students with their
annual exam preparation. The correct solution to the important questions is
given in the PDF. By this, students can save a lot of time in finding the correct
answer for the respective question. To know more about this chapter,
download the solution of Class 9 Chapter 4 from our site. Chapter 4 has a
good weightage in the final exam. By revising the concepts of Chapter 4, you
can achieve almost 10 marks from this chapter.