Medico Express

3.0 version UHS course 2025

Block 4 Guidelines and Sources of subjects

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 MODULE NO. 06
GIT & NUTRITION-I
 Reference SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Describe the gross anatomical features of oral cavity

with
its neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage
Discuss the location, anatomical features, relations
and
vascular supply of tonsils: nasopharyngeal, palatine and
lingual.
Discuss the skeletal framework of hard palate with
its
neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage
Describe the gross anatomical features of soft palate
with
its neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage
Describe the attachments, nerve supply and actions
of
muscles of soft palate
Describe the structure of tongue with attachments of
muscles, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic Oral Cavity
Human
Snell’s clinical and
anatomy by drainage Anatomy
Oropharynx
regions 10 th

edition pg#
712-731 Discuss the anatomical basis of injury to hypoglossal
(can be easily nerve
covered from Describe anatomical features, relations and neurovascular
block 4
Medico supply of parotid gland and its duct, mentioning
Express book) the
structures entering and exiting the gland.
Discuss the clinical correlates of parotid gland:
parotiditis,
Mumps, Frey’s syndrome, parotid duct injury and parotid
tumor surgery with its complications.
Describe the Waldeyer’s ring.
Describe anatomical features, relations and neurovascular
supply of submandibular and sublingual glands with
their
ducts.
Name the parts of pharynx giving their extent, anatomical
features, structure, neurovascular supply and
Lymphatic
drainage
 Name the pharyngeal constrictor muscles defining their
attachments, innervation and structure traversing the gaps
between adjacent muscles.
Describe the planes and quadrants of abdomen
Draw and label the cutaneous innervation and
dermatomes of anterior abdominal wall and anterolateral
Abdominal wall and describe the clinical correlates
(Abdominal pain, Muscle rigidity, Referred pain, anterior
abdominal nerve block)
Describe the fascia of anterior abdominal wall with its
clinical significance

Describe anterolateral Abdominal wall arteries, Veins and

Lymphatics and related clinical correlates—Caput
Medusae
Describe the attachments, nerve supply and actions of
muscles of anterior abdominal wall
Identify the muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall on
anatomical model and/or cadaver Anterior
Human
Snell’s Abdomen
clinical Describe the extent, formation and contents of rectus Anatomy
Wall
anatomy by sheath
regions 10th
edition pg# Give the formation and extent of inguinal ligament
280-
304.318,319 Describe the formation of superficial and deep inguinal
(can be rings and conjoint tendon
easily
covered Locate the position of superficial and deep inguinal rings
from block 4
Medico on simulated subject or Cadaver
Express
book) Describe the extent, boundaries and contents of inguinal
canal
Define the following hernias: umbilical, epigastric,
incisional, Spigelian, lumbar, femoral, internal and inguinal
Differentiate between direct and indirect inguinal hernias
Describe the location of abdominal surgical incisions
Mark the abdominal incisions on simulated patient/ subject
and explain their anatomical basis
List the structures and coverings of spermatic cord
 Trace the horizontal and vertical peritoneal reflections
Describe the relationship of viscera to the peritoneum
Describe the gross anatomical features of the following:
1. Mesentery
2. Omentum
3. Peritoneal ligaments
4. Peritoneal fold
5. Peritoneal sac,
Snell’s 6. Recesses, Peritoneum
clinical
7. Spaces and
anatomy by
regions 10th 8. Gutters
edition pg# Human
329-338 Describe the nerve supply of Peritoneum Anatomy
(can be
easily Describe the anatomical basis and manifestations of the
covered following:
from block
4 Medico 1. Peritonitis and ascites
Express
book) 2. Peritoneal adhesions (and adhesiostomy)
3. Abdominal paracentesis
Describe the extent of esophagus, its constrictions,
Snell’s neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage
anatomy10th
edition pg# Esophagus
339-340 Discuss the anatomical basis of esophageal varices,
achalasia and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Describe the location, position, parts, external and internal
Snell’s structure, relations, vascular and nerve supply and
clinical
anatomy by
lymphatic drainage of stomach
regions 10th Draw and label a diagram illustrating the lymphatic
edition pg#
340-344 drainage of Stomach Human
(can be Stomach
easily Describe the clinical presentation and the anatomical basis Anatomy
covered and manifestations of the following conditions:
from block
4 Medico Carcinoma of stomach and peptic ulcers
Express
book) Identify and demonstrate the parts, external and internal
features of stomach on anatomical model and cadaver
Describe the location, position, parts, relations,
neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of Human Small & Large
Snell’s
clinical Anatomy Intestine
duodenum, Jejunum & Ileum (Small Intestine)
anatomy by
regions 10th
edition
pg#345-364

Describe the anatomical basis and manifestations of the

following conditions:
1. Duodenal Ulcers
2. Ileal diverticulum
3. Diverticulosis
4. Large bowel cancer
5. Appendicitis
6. Volvulus
7. Intussusception
Demonstrate the various positions of appendix
Identify and demonstrate the Parts and external features
of small and large intestines on anatomical model and
cadaver
Describe the origin, course, branches (tributaries in case
of veins) and distribution of the blood vessels of GIT
Snell’s
Describe the formation, tributaries and drainage of hepatic-
clinical
anatomy by portal vein
regions 10th
edition pg# Discuss the sites and vessels contributing in portosystemic Human
368-369 Liver
(can be anastomosis Anatomy
easily Describe the clinical picture and anatomical basis for the
covered from
block 4 blockage of porto-systemic anastomosis
Medico
Express Identify the blood vessels supplying GIT on anatomical
book)
model and cadaver
Describe location, lobes, important relations, peritoneal
ligaments, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply, Human
Liver
Anatomy
related clinical correlates of liver and subphrenic spaces.
Describe components of Biliary tree- hepatic duct and bile
Snell’s duct
clinical
Describe relations, functions, blood supply, lymphatic Human
anatomy by
Biliary System
regions 10th drainage and nerve supply of Gallbladder Anatomy
edition
pg#370-372 Describe related clinical correlates- gall stones, biliary
colic, cholecystectomy, gallbladder gangrene
Snell’s Describe the location, surfaces, peritoneal reflections,
clinical Human
anatomy by relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of Pancreas
Anatomy
regions 10th
pancreas
edition pg#
374-375
(can be
easily
covered from
block 4
Medico
Express
book)
Describe the anatomical basis and manifestations of
pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

Identify the parts of the pancreas

Describe the location, surfaces, peritoneal reflections,

Snell’s
clinical relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of
anatomy by
spleen
regions 10th
edition Describe the anatomical basis and manifestations of
pg#377-378 Human
Spleen
(can be splenic trauma and splenomegaly Anatomy
easily
covered from Identify the borders, surfaces and Impressions of spleen
block 4
Medico
Express Demonstrate the correct anatomical positioning of spleen
book)
Describe the gross anatomical features, peritoneal
Snell’s
clinical relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic
anatomy by
drainage of cecum ascending and descending colon, Sigmoid
regions 10th
edition pg# sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal Human Colon,
440-446,482 Anatomy Rectum & Anal
(can be Describe the anatomical basis for Sigmoidoscopy, rectal Canal
easily
covered from prolapse, rectal examination, rectal cancer and
block 4 hemorrhoids
Medico
Express
book)
 Outline the anatomical basis and surgical treatment plan
for the following diseases:
1. Esophageal Injuries
Human
2. Gastric Carcinoma Anatomy Surgical
3. Intestinal Obstruction integrated with Intervention
Surgery
4. Pancreatic Carcinoma
5. Obstructive Jaundice
6. Gall Stones
Snell’s Describe the fascia of posterior abdominal wall with its
clinical
anatomy by clinical significance
regions 10th
edition pg#
389-398,304- Describe anterolateral Abdominal wall arteries, Veins and Posterior
305 Human
Abdomen
(can be Lymphatics and related clinical correlates Anatomy
Wall
easily
covered from
block 4 Describe the attachments, nerve supply and actions of
Medico
Express muscles of posterior abdominal wall
book)
EMBRYOLOGY & POST-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
KLM embryo Describe the development of tongue (pg 157-160)
11th
edition,chapt Describe the embryological basis of tongue tie (pg 159)
er 9 (can be
Describe the development of palate (pg 169-178) Embryology Oral Cavity
easily
covered from Describe the embryological basis of various facial
block 4
clefts(172)
Medico
Express Identify the parts of the developing tongue and palate
book)
Describe the formation and divisions of gut tube
KLM embryo
11th Describe the development of mesenteries
edition,chapt Describe the development of esophagus
er 11,pg.193-
205 Describe the embryological basis of esophageal atresia
(can be
easily and/or tracheoesophageal fistula
covered from
block 4 Describe the development and rotation of stomach
Medico
Express Describe the embryological basis of pyloric stenosis Embryology Foregut
book) Describe the development of duodenum, liver and gall
bladder
 Describe the embryological basis of intrahepatic and
extrahepatic biliary atresia

Describe the development of pancreas

Describe the embryological basis of annular pancreas
Describe the development of midgut especially mentioning
KLM embryo
11th physiological herniation, rotation, retraction of herniated
edition,chapt
loops and mesenteries of the intestinal loops
er 11,pg.206-
215 Describe the embryological basis of the following
(can be
easily 1. mobile cecum
covered from
block 4 2. volvulus
Medico 3. retro colic hernia Embryology Midgut
Express
book) 4. Omphalocele
5. gastroschisis

Describe the embryological basis of Meckel’s diverticulum

Describe the embryological basis of;
1. Gut rotation defects
2. Gut atresia and stenosis
Describe the development of hindgut
KLM embryo
11th Describe the embryological basis of;
edition,chapt
3. Rectourethral and rectovaginal fistulas
er 11,pg.215-
218 4. Recto anal fistulas and atresia
(can be Embryology Hindgut
easily 5. Imperforate anus
covered from
block 4 6. Congenital megacolon
Medico Identify the parts of the developing foregut, midgut and
Express
book) hindgut originating from the endoderm

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (HISTOLOGY & PATHOLOGY)

REFERENCE

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

 Describe the light microscopic structure of;
Histology by 1. Lips
Laiq Hussain
2. Tongue including lingual papillae and taste buds
7th edition,pg.
173-181 3. Oral Cavity (Cheeks, Teeth gums, hard & Soft
(can be
easily palate)
covered
from block
Describe the histological structure of parotid,
4 Medico submandibular and sublingual glands.
Express
book)
Compare and contrast the histological structures of
parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.

Oral Cavity &

Describe the serous and mucous acini and give Histology
Esophagus
histological differences between the two.

Describe the structure and location of serous demilunes.

Describe histology of oropharynx
Relate the characteristics of various layers of GIT with their
function

Describe the light microscopic structure of esophagus

Robbins
Basic
Tabulate the histological differences between different
pathology parts of esophagus
10th
edition,pg. Describe the histological changes associated with reflux
593,595 esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus
Histology Histology Stomach
Describe the light microscopic structure of stomach
by Laiq
Hussain 7th
edition,pg.
181-186
Describe the role of parietal cells in pernicious
anemia
Histology by Laiq Describe the light microscopic structure of
Hussain 7th
edition,pg.186-191 1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
Histology Small Intestine
3. Ileum
Robbins Basic
pathology 10th Discuss the histological basis of celiac disease
edition,pg.
612,613,621-624 Discuss the histological basis of Crohn’s disease
Histology by Laiq Describe the light microscopic structure of
Hussain 7th
edition,pg.191-194 1. Colon
(can be easily Large
covered from block 2. Appendix Histology
Intestine
4 Medico Express 3. Rectum
book)

Robbins Basic
pathology 10th Define colorectal cancer, anal abscess, hemorrhoids
edition,pg. 610
 THEORY

MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Classify the components of enteric nervous system

Discuss the location and significance of myenteric plexus
Describe the Meissner’s plexus
Differentiate between myenteric and Meissner’s plexuses

Guyton Explain the mechanism of developing slow wave

Physiology
chapter 63 Explain the mechanism of developing spike potential
(can be Enlist the factors that depolarize & hyperpolarize the GIT
easily
covered from membrane
block 4
Medico Enlist the excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters of General
Express Principles of
enteric nervous system
book) GIT Function
Explain the role of sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous Medical
- Motility,
Physiology
system in controlling GIT function. Nervous
Control &
Enlist the gastrointestinal reflexes & explain the functions Blood Flow
of these reflexes
Enlist the hormones acting on GIT, their stimuli, site of
release and actions

Enumerate different types of movements that occur in GIT

Discuss the functions and control of GIT movements
Discuss the effect of gut activity and metabolic factors on
GIT blood flow / Splanchnic circulation
Explain the nervous control of GIT blood flow / Splanchnic
circulation
Guyton Trace the reflex arc of mastication Oral Cavity &
Physiology
chapter 64
 Explain the process and importance of chewing reflex Esophagus
Pg 797-799
(can be Enlist the stages of swallowing Medical
easily
Physiology
covered from Describe the mechanism of voluntary stage of swallowing
block 4
Medico Trace the reflex arc of involuntary stage of swallowing
Express Medical
book) Enlist the steps involved in involuntary stage of swallowing
Physiology
Explain the effect of swallowing on respiration Medical
Physiology
Discuss the mechanism of esophageal stage of swallowing Medical
Physiology
Medical
Enlist causes of dysphagia Physiology
integrates with
Surgery
Explain the types and role of different peristalsis originating
Medical
in esophagus Physiology

Discuss the role of Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Medical
(Gastroesophageal) Physiology

Discuss the pathophysiology of achalasia &

Medical
Megaesophagus (chapter 67 pg 833) Physiology

Enlist the features and treatment of achalasia Medical

Physiology
Explain storage function of stomach Medical
Physiology
Describe the basic electrical rhythm of stomach wall Medical
Guyton Physiology
Physiology
chapter Explain the role of pyloric pump and pyloric sphincter in
Medical
64,pg799- gastric emptying Physiology
802
(can be Explain the factors that promote Stomach Emptying Medical
easily Physiology
covered from Discuss the duodenal (nervous & hormonal) factors that
block 4 Medical
Medico inhibit Stomach emptying Physiology
Express Stomach
book) Enlist the factors that initiate enterogastric inhibitory
Medical
reflexes Physiology

Medical
Enumerate the causes, features, and pathophysiology of Physiology
Chapter gastritis integrates with
67,pg 833-
Medicine
835
Medical
Explain the physiological basis of each feature of gastritis Physiology
integrates with
 Medicine

Recommend treatment of gastritis

Enumerate the causes, features, and pathophysiology of Medical
peptic ulcer Physiology
integrates with
Explain the physiological basis of each feature of peptic Medicine
ulcer
Enumerate and explain the secretions and movements of
Guyton
Physiology small intestine
Medical
chapter
64,pg 802- Explain the term “peristaltic rush” Physiology
804 Small
(can be Explain the functions of ileocecal valve and sphincter
Intestine
easily
covered from Enumerate the types of intestinal sprue Medical
block 4 Physiology
Medico
Enlist the features of intestinal sprue
integrates with
Express Medicine
Explain the consequences of sprue on the body
book)

Chapter 67
pg.835-836
Medical
Enumerate the types of movements taking place in colon Physiology
Explain the mechanism of developing movements of colon
Guyton
Physiology and their control through Gastrocolic and Duodenocolic Medical
chapter Physiology
64,pg.804- Reflexes
806 Medical
Enlist the defecation reflexes
Physiology
(can be
easily Explain the mechanism of defecation reflex Medical
covered Physiology
from block Trace the reflex arc of defecation Medical
4 Medico Physiology
Large
Express Name the other autonomic reflexes that affect bowel
book) Medical Intestine
activity Physiology
Medical
Explain the pathophysiology of constipation Physiology
integrates with
Medicine
Chapter Discuss the causes of diarrhea
67,pg,836-
837
Medical
Describe the cause of Hirschsprung’s disease integrate Physiology
with Medicine

Explain the functions of liver Medical

Physiology
 Differentiate between liver and gall bladder bile and the
Medical
Guyton Liver
hormones acting on them Physiology
Physiology
chapter
65,pg 817-
820
Medical
Enumerate the causes and composition of developing
Physiology
gall stones Integrate with
Surgery
Guyton Physiology Explain function and secretions of pancreas Medical
chapter 65,pg.815- Physiology
817 (can be easily
Enlist the causes and pathophysiology of acute
covered from block Integrate with
4 Medico Express and chronic pancreatitis Medicine Pancreas
book)
Enumerate the features of acute pancreatitis and
Integrate with
explain
Medicine
the physiological basis of each feature of pancreatitis
Describe the stages of vomiting act Medical
Physiology
Trace the reflex arc of vomiting Medical
Guyton Vomiting
Physiology
Physiology Reflex
chapter Explain the role of chemoreceptor trigger zone for
Medical
67,pg.837-838 initiation
Physiology
.
of vomiting by drugs or by motion sickness
Define Acute Diarrhea
Integrated with Acute &
Guyton Define Chronic Diarrhea Medicine Chronic
Physiology Gastroenterology Diarrhea
chapter 67,pg Enlist various causes for acute and chronic diarrhea
836
BIOCHEMISTRY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Give the composition and importance of saliva and
Lippincott biochem related
7th edition,pg. 86-
89,174,226 clinical disorder (xerostomia)
(can be easily Give the composition and importance of gastric juice
covered from block Biochemistry
4 Medico Express with special reference to mechanism of HCl of GIT
book) /GIT
secretion and
secretions &
related clinical disorders (achlorhydria, gastric ulcer Biochemistry
digestion and
Give the composition and importance of pancreatic absorption of
juice, dietary
bile and succus entericus and related clinical carbohydrates

disorders (pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, cholelithiasis).

 Describe digestion and absorption of
dietary
carbohydrates along with inherited and acquired
disorders (lactose intolerance, sucrase-isomaltase
deficiency).
Carbohydrate
Elaborate key features of various transport systems metabolism/
Lippincott Biochemistry
Entry of
biochem 7th for entry of glucose into cells.
edition,pg. 97 glucose into
cells
Enlist the hormones that play important roles in
regulating Carbohydrate
Lippincott biochem
7th edition,pg. 307- carbohydrate metabolism. metabolism/
Biochemistry
320(can be easily Elaborate the metabolic effects of these hormones. Hormonal
covered from block control of BSL
4 Medico Express Infer the consequences of deficiency and excess of
book) these
hormones
Describe the glycolytic pathway along with its
regulation
Lippincott biochem and significance.
7th edition,pg. 98- Compare key features of aerobic and anaerobic
106 glycolysis. Carbohydrate
(can be easily Calculate the number of ATP produced during aerobic
covered from block Biochemistry metabolism/
and Glycolysis
4 Medico Express
book) anaerobic glycolysis.
Explain hemolytic anemia in subjects with pyruvate
kinase
deficiency based on your biochemical knowledge.
Clearly differentiate between substrate
level
phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Discuss the metabolic fates of pyruvate.

Lippincott biochem
7th edition,pg. 105-
111 Describe the transport of pyruvate from cytosol
(can be easily to Carbohydrate
covered from block metabolism/
4 Medico Express mitochondria. Metabolic
book) Elaborate the reaction catalyzed by Biochemistry
fates of
pyruvate pyruvate
dehydrogenase complex (PDH) along with regulation
and significance.
 Enlist inherited and acquired causes of lactic acidosis
and give biochemical explanation for lactic acidosis
in each
condition.
Lippincott Describe the TCA cycle along with regulation & Carbohydrate
biochem 7th Biochemistry metabolism/
significance. Calculate the energy yield of TCA Kreb’s Cycle
edition,pg. 111-
114
Define gluconeogenesis and
Lippincott biochem enumerate
7th edition,pg. 117-
123 gluconeogenic substrates (precursors)
(can be easily Delineate the reactions involved in synthesis of Carbohydrate
Biochemistry
covered from block glucose metabolism/
4 Medico Express Gluconeogenesis
book) from various gluconeogenic substrates.
Elaborate the regulation and importance of gluconeogenesis.

Explain the significance of Cori cycle and glucosealanine

cycle
Lippincott Illustrate the reactions of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
biochem 7th Carbohydrate
edition,pg. along with their regulation and significance metabolism/
125-133 Biochemistry Glycogen
(can be
Enlist various types of glycogen storage diseases (GSDs)
metabolism
easily Infer the key biochemical and clinical features of various
covered from
block 4 GSDs from the respective enzyme deficiencies.
Medico
Express
book)
Describe the reactions and regulation of Hexose Mono
Lippincott
biochem 7th Phosphate Pathway (HMP).
edition,pg. Carbohydrate
145-154
Discuss the importance of HMP shunt
metabolism/
(can be Explain hemolytic anemia in subjects suffering from G6PD Biochemistry HMP Hexose
easily
deficiency. Monophosphat
covered from
block 4 e Pathway
Medico Diagnose G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
Express deficiency based on given data.
book)
Carbohydrate
metabolism/
Describe the reactions, regulation, and biomedical
Uronic acid
Biochemistry
importance of uronic acid pathway and sorbitol pathway pathway &
sorbitol
pathway
Outline the reactions involved in ethanol metabolism. Carbohydrate
 Explain how ethanol consumption causes hypoglycemia metabolism/
Biochemistry Ethanol
and fatty liver. metabolism
Lippincott Diagrammatically illustrate the organization of electron
biochem 7th
transport chain (ETC) depicting the flow of electrons Respiratory
edition,pg.
73-77 chain &
(can be
Enlist the components of complex I, II, III, and IV Biochemistry oxidative
easily Enumerate clinically important inhibitors of electron phosphorylation
covered from /ETC
block 4 transport chain and mention their site of action.
Medico
Express
book)
Elaborate the structure of ATP synthase (complex V).
Lippincott
biochem 7th Explain how the free energy generated by the transport of
edition,pg.
electrons by ETC is used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi Respiratory
77-81
(can be chain &
(i.e. chemiosmotic hypothesis)
easily oxidative
Biochemistry
covered from Elaborate the effect of oligomycin and uncouplers on ATP phosphorylation
block 4 /ATP
Medico production. synthesis
Express Describe the effect of arsenic poisoning on carbohydrate
book)
metabolism and ATP production.
Elaborate the glycerol 3-P shuttle and malate-
aspartate
shuttle for the transfer of reducing equivalents from
cytosol into the mitochondria.
Lippincott Define and classify nutrients into macro
biochem 7th and
edition,pg. 357-
360 micronutrients. Nutrition/
(can be easily Elaborate the concept and importance of Balanced Diet Biochemistry Balanced diet
covered from
block 4 Medico Enlist the components of balanced diet and elaborate
Express book) the
importance of each component.
Delineate special nutritional requirements
Lippincott during
biochem 7th
edition,pg. 371- pregnancy, lactation, growth, and old age. Nutrition/
Integrate with
372 Suggest dietary advice for patients suffering from Special
Community
(can be easily nutritional
covered from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, renal disease, Medicine
requirements
block 4 Medico lactose intolerance, gluten enteropathy,
Express book)
hypercholesterolemia,
and hemorrhoids.
Enlist causes and types of Protein Energy
Malnutrition
(PEM). Integrate with
 Differentiate between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus community
Lippincott Medicine/
based on the given data Pediatrics Nutrition/
biochem 7th
edition,pg. 368- Enlist symptoms and signs PEM
369
Outline treatment strategies
Define energy balance.
Lippincott
biochem 7th Compare the energy content of macro nutrients
edition,pg. 369- and
Nutrition/
371
(can be easily alcohol. Biochemistry Caloric
covered from Suggest a simple method for estimation of requirements
block 4 Medico
caloric requirements of sedentary adults,
Express book)
moderately active
adults, and very active adults
Define basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Nutrition/
Elaborate the effect of various physiological Biochemistry
and BMR

pathological factors on BMR.

Lippincott
Define body mass index (BMI).
biochem 7th Nutrition/
edition,pg. 349- Categorize individuals into underweight, Integrate with
community BMI &
356 normal, Obesity
(can be easily Medicine
covered from overweight, obese, and morbidly obese based on
block 4 Medico
theirs BMI values.
Express book)
Elaborate the role of genetic, environmental,
and
behavioral factors in determining body weight.
Clearly differentiate between upper body obesity and
lower
body obesity.
Enlist health risks associated with obesity.

Lippincott
Define Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Integrated with
biochem 7th
edition,pg. 368- Pediatrics
369
(can be easily Malnutrition
Define Malnutrition Integrated with
covered from
Identify various causes of Medicine
block 4 Medico
Express book)
malnutrition Identify the risk factors Gastroenterolo
of malnutrition Outline treatment gy
strategies
AGING

THEORY
REFERENCE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Identify causes and risk factors for malnutrition in
elderly
K park 23rd Community Preventive
edition,chapter Outline treatment strategies Medicine Medicine
9,pg.594(can be easily in
covered from block 4 Geriatrics
Medico Express book)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

REFERENCE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Mini katzung12th Classify anti diarrheal drugs and describe the
edition,pg.500 (can be Anti
easily covered from pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, Diarrheal
Pharmacology
block 4 Medico Express Drugs
pharmacological effects, uses and adverse effects
book)
Robbins basic Define gastritis.
pathology 10th
edition,pg.598-600 Enlist the types of gastritis Pathology Gastritis
Describe the morphological features of gastritis
Robbins basic Describe the salient feature of peptic ulcer Pathology
pathology 10th disease Peptic Ulcer
edition,pg 601,602 Discuss the role of H. Pylori in causing peptic ulcer
disease
Levinson Enumerate common infectious agents of diarrheal diseases
micro17thedition Infectious
Discuss pathogenesis and clinical features of Microbiology
chapter 73,pg.626- agents
27(can be easily common
causing
covered from block 4
Medico Express book)
pathogens Diarrhea

PATHOLOGY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Robbins basic Describe salient features of acute & chronic Pathology Gastritis
pathology 10th gastritis
edition,pg.598-600
DISEASE PREVENTION & IMPACT

REFERENCE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Identify health related behaviors and apply
Health related
principles of
Behavioral behaviors
learning to modify eating and addictive patterns
 Discuss health belief model and its application in Sciences
Health related
managing
believes
common presentations related to gastro-intestinal
system
Explain the transtheoretical model of changing
behaviors
to modify the diseases pattern
Describe motivational interviewing and
outline a Management
management plan to help the individuals with of Obesity

obesity and diabetes to lose weight

Describe and distinguish Medically Un described
Symptoms (MUS)
Medically
Describe the association of psychosocial factors
Un
with MUS
described
Outline the principles of management plan Symptoms
according to
biopsychosocial model
Describe role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(CBT)
Role of
To identify effect on mental development of nutritional
deficiencies in
nutritional deficiencies
mental
development
Describe prevention and control of polio, viral Epidemiology
K park 23rd hepatitis A, of
edition,pg.202-245 communicable
cholera, typhoid and food poisoning
(can be easily covered diseases
Describe prevention and control of amoebiasis, (Intestinal
from block 4 Medico
Express book)
ascariasis,
infection)
hook worm infestation
Describe the advice to be given for breast
K park 23rd feeding, Community Preventive
edition,chapter
weaning and childhood Medicine medicine in
9,pg.530,638,639,640
(can be easily Discuss risk factors, prevention and pediatrics
covered from block 4 management of
Medico Express protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
book)
K park 23rd Describe balanced diet for adult and obesity
edition,page.615-
617,637647 Plot and interpret growth chart for children under
(can be easily 5 years Nutrition &
covered from block 4 of age Health
Medico Express Describe prevention and control of deficiency of
book) Vitamin A
and D
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

3%3%
1%
3%

MODULE NO. 07:

RENAL-I
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

GROSS ANATOMY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Describe gross features and facial coverings
of
Snell’s Anatomy
10th edition,pg.379- kidneys.
383 Compare and contrast the relations of right and
(can be easily left
covered from block
kidneys. Human
4 Medico Express Kidney
book) Describe blood supply, lymphatics and nerve Anatomy
supply
of kidney
Discuss the clinical aspects of kidneys
Demonstrate the surface marking and
radiographic
anatomy of kidney. Identify the side of kidney
Compare and contrast the relations of right and
Snell’s Anatomy left
10th edition,pg.383-
384,448 ureter
(can be easily Human
Give the constrictions of ureter
covered from block Anatomy Ureter
4 Medico Express Describe the blood supply nerve supply
book) and
lymphatics of ureter
Identify the ureter.
Describe the gross anatomical features,
Snell’s Anatomy relations,
10th edition,pg.449-
452 surfaces, blood supply, nerve supply and
(can be easily Human
covered from block lymphatics of urinary bladder Anatomy
Urinary bladder
4 Medico Express Give the clinical corelates of urinary bladder
book)
Identify the gross features and surfaces of
urinary
bladder
Interpret basic urological signs/symptoms & Sign/symptom/in
investigations. Integrate with
vestigations

Describe the etiology, and management of urology

Snell’s Anatomy urinary Urinary retention
10th edition,pg.451
(can be easily retention.
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Identify and describe the various

Snell’s Anatomy anatomic landmarks of the renal system Integrate
on with
radiographs. radiograph
10th edition,pg.474- Radiology
477 (can be easily
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
Snell’s Anatomy Describe the parts of urethra. Human
Urethra
10th Anatomy
edition,pg.499,503
(can be easily
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

EMBRYOLOGY & POST-NATAL

DEVELOPMENT
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Describe development of intermediate
KLM embryo 11th mesoderm Embryology
edition,chapter
12,pg.223-241 and its derivatives
(can be easily Describe the development of
covered from block 4 pronephros, Embryology
Medico Express
book) mesonephros and metanephros Development of
Describe positional changes during descent of urinary system
kidney Embryology

with correlation to its blood supply

Describe the development of urinary bladder
and Embryology

urethra
List and describe the common congenital
anomalies Embryology

of kidney, urinary bladder and urethra.

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Describe the histological, structural Structure of
Laiq histology, 7th
organization and Histology
edition,pg.209-212 kidney
functions of kidney with clinicals.
(can be easily
covered from block 4
Medico Express
book)

Laiq histology, 7th Describe the light and ultrastructure of

edition,pg.219,213-
Juxtaglomerular apparatus and glomerular Juxtaglomerular
215 Histology
(can be easily apparatus
covered from block 4 filtration barrier
Medico Express
book)

Laiq histology, 7th Describe the histological structure of ureter Structure of

Histology
edition,pg.220 ureter
(can be easily
covered from block 4
Medico Express
book)
Describe the histological structure of urinary
Laiq histology, 7
th bladder Discuss clinical correlates (Cystitis, Structure of
Histology
edition,pg.221 Urinary bladder urinary bladder
(can be easily
covered from block 4
cancer, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs))
Medico Express
book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

PHYSIOLOGY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Guyton physio 14th Explain the general organization of the
edition,pg.322-324 Physiological
(can be easily covered kidney and urinary tract anatomy of
from block 4 Medico kedneys
Explain the physiological anatomy of the
Express book)
nephron
Guyton physio 14th Explain the renal blood supply Renal Blood
edition,pg.323 (can be Supply
easily covered from
block 4 Medico
Express book)
Discuss the sites and mechanism of Physiology
Guyton physio 14th action of Diuretics
edition,pg.422 (can be
easily covered from different diuretics
block 4 Medico
Express book)
Describe major composition of
intracellular and
Guyton physio 14th extracellular fluids
edition,pg.306-315 Define Hypo and hypernatremia
(can be easily covered Body fluid
from block 4 Medico Explain the causes of hypo & hypernatremia compartment
Express book) and their
effects on Composition of body fluid
compartments
Describe difference between iso-osmotic,
hyper- osmotic, hypo-osmotic fluids

Enumerate causes of Intracellular and

Guyton physio 14th
edition,pg.316-319 extracellular edema Integrate with
Edema
(can be easily covered Medicine
from block 4 Medico
Express book) Describe safety factors that prevent edema
Guyton physio 14th Explain the functions of the kidney Function
edition,pg.321-322
(can be easily
covered from block 4
Medico Express book)
Physiology
Describe the mechanism of micturition and its
control
Guyton physio 14th
edition,pg.324-328 Explain the role of higher center on micturition
(can be easily covered Explain the physiological anatomy and Micturition reflex
from block 4 Medico innervation of
Express book)
bladder
Discuss the voluntary control of micturition
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Explain the causes, pathophysiology, and features of

Guyton physio
14th atonic bladder.
edition,pg.328
Discuss the causes, pathophysiology, and features of Integrate with Abnormalities of
(can be easily
covered from automatic bladder. Pathology micturition
block 4
Medico Write the causes, pathophysiology, and features of
Express book)
uninhibited neurogenic bladder
Enlist the steps of urine formation
Guyton physio Explain the physiological anatomy and functions of
14th
glomerular capillary membrane
edition,pg.329
Physiology Urine formation
-330 (can be Discuss the composition of filtrate
easily covered
from block 4 Explain the minimal change nephropathy and
Medico
Express book) increase permeability to plasma protein

Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Describe the determinants of GFR
Guyton physio
14th Explain the factors affecting GFR
edition,pg.331
-342 (can be Discuss the hormones and autocoids that affect GFR
easily covered Glomerular
Explain mechanisms of autoregulation of GFR Physiology
from block 4 filtration
Medico Enlist the physiological and pathological factors that
Express book)
decrease GFR
Explain the effects of angiotensin II blocker on GFR
during renal hypoperfusion
Enumerate different types of transport along the
kidney tubules for reabsorption
Explain the reabsorption and secretion along different
parts of the Nephron
Explain the regulation of tubular reabsorption
Discuss the forces / pressure and hormones that
Guyton Physiology Reabsorption
physio 14th determine renal tubular reabsorption
edition,pg.3
43-360 (can Explain the reabsorption of water along different parts
be easily of nephron
covered
from block Define obligatory and facultative reabsorption
4 Medico
Express Discuss the characteristics of late distal tubules and
book)
cortical collecting ducts
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Discuss the characteristics of medullary collecting

ducts
Explain the use of clearance method to quantify Clearance
Guyton Physiology
physio 14th kidney function method
edition,pg.36
0-364 (can be
easily
covered from
block 4
Medico
Express
book)
Describe mechanism of re-absorption of sodium
Guyton physio
14th along different parts nephrons
edition,pg.346,
347 (can be
Define and explain the term Transport maximum for
easily covered the substances Transport
Physiology
from block 4 maximum
Medico Define filtered load for the substance
Express book)
Justify the difference of transport maximum and renal
threshold of glucose in renal tubules
Explain the renal mechanisms for excreting
Guyton physio Dilute urine
14th
Explain the mechanism for forming a concentrated
edition,pg.365
-373 urine Urine
(can be easily Physiology concentration
covered from Discuss the role of urea in the process of counter
and dilution
block 4
Medico current multiplier mechanism
Express book) Describe the countercurrent exchange in vasa Recta
to preserve hyperosmolarity of renal medulla
Guyton
physio 14th Define and explain the term obligatory urine volume.
edition,pg.36 Obligatory urine
7 (can be Define and explain free water clearance. Physiology volume
easily Define Urine specific gravity.
covered from
block 4
Medico
Express
book)
Guyton Disorders of
physio 14th Enumerate different abnormalities of urinary urine
edition,pg.37 Physiology
concentrating ability concentrating
4 (can be
easily ability
covered from
block 4
Medico
Express
book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Guyton physio Enumerate the types of Diabetes insipidus

14th
edition,pg.374 Enlist the features of diabetes insipidus
(can be easily
covered from
Explain the pathophysiology and treatment of central Integrate with Diabetes
block 4 diabetes insipidus Medicine insipidus
Medico
Express book) Discuss the pathophysiology of nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus
Make the flow chart to show the Osmoreceptor- Osmoreceptor-
Guyton ,pg.3 Physiology
75-377 antidiuretic hormone (ADH) feedback mechanism for ADH Feedback
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

regulating extracellular fluid osmolarity in System

response to
a water deficit.
Enlist the factors which increase and
decrease the release of ADH
Thirst
Pg.378-379 Explain the mechanism of thirst
Enumerate the factors that can alter
Guyton physio 14th
edition,pg.383-390 potassium distribution between intracellular
(can be easily
and extracellular
covered from block 4
Medico Express Renal regulation
Discuss the process of secretion of potassium
book) of potassium
by renal tubules
Explain the regulation of internal potassium
distribution and potassium secretion
Explain the control of extracellular fluid Physiology Control of ECF
osmolarity and sodium concentration
osmolarity

Explain the integration of renal mechanism for

Guyton physio 14th control of Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
edition,pg.392-395
(can be easily Control of ECF
covered from block 4
Explain the importance of pressure natriuresis
Medico Express and diuresis in maintaining body sodium and
book) fluid balance
Explain the renal handling of calcium
Guyton physio 14th concentration to regulate plasma calcium Renal regulation
edition,pg.390- concentration of calcium
392(can be easily Enumerate the factors that alter renal calcium Renal regulation
covered from block 4
of phosphate
Medico Express Enlist the factors that alter renal phosphate
book) excretion
Guyton physio 14th Explain the nervous and hormonal factors
edition,pg.396-399 Renal body fluid
(can be easily that increase the effectiveness of renal
covered from block 4 feedback control
body fluid
Medico Express
book) feedbackthe
Explain control
conditions that cause large
Guyton physio 14th
edition,pg.400 (can increase in blood volume and ECF volume Physiology ECF and blood
be easily covered
Explain the conditions that cause large increase volume
from block 4 Medico
Express book)
ECF volume but with normal blood volume

Guyton physio 14th

edition,pg.403=412 Explain the renal handling of H+ ion. Acid base
balance
Analyze the acid base disturbances on the Acid base
Pg.416-418 basis of pH, HCO3 and CO2 Physiology
disturbance
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

(can be easily Explain the causes and compensation of

covered from block metabolic
4 Medico Express
book) acidosis
Explain the causes and compensation of
metabolic
alkalosis
Explain the causes and compensation of
respiratory
acidosis
Explain the causes and compensation of
respiratory
alkalosis
Explain the causes and compensation of mixed
acid
base disorder
Pg.419-420 Define and explain anion gap Physiology Anion gap

BIOCHEMISTRY
REFERENCE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Discuss the synthesis and degradation of Purine
Lippincott biochem purines
7th edition,pg.292- metabolism
296,298-301(can (De-Novo and salvage pathway)
be easily covered
from block 4
Medico Express
book)
Discuss the synthesis and degradation of Pyrimidine
Lippincott biochem Medical
pyrimidine
7th edition,pg.302- Biochemistry metabolism
304(can be easily (De-Novo and salvage pathway)
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
Lippincott biochem Outline the sequence of reactions that converts
7th edition,pg.295- Nucleotide
296 (can be easily IMP to AMP and GMP and to their
metabolism
covered from block
corresponding
4 Medico Express
book) triphosphates
Lippincott biochem Discuss the regulation of purine and Regulation of
7th purine and
edition,pg.293,297 pyrimidine biosynthesis and degradation
(can be easily pyrimidine
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
Interpret the Lesh-Nhyan syndrome. Purine
Lippincott biochem Gout, metabolism
7th edition,pg.296 disorders
(can be easily SCID/ADA on basis of sign symptoms and data
covered from block
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

4 Medico Express
book)

Lippincott biochem Interpret Orotic aciduria in relevance to

7th edition,pg.302 Pyrimidine
(can be easily nucleotides and urea metabolism
covered from block disorders
Differentiate between CPS I and II
4 Medico Express
book)
Medical
Interpret the role of synthetic
Lippincott biochem Biochemistry
7th edition,pg.304 analogues of nucleotides in medicine
(can be easily
based on sign/symptoms and Analogues of
covered from block nucleotides
4 Medico Express data e.g Methotrexate, 5 Flurouracil and
book) Allupurinol.
Interpret the role of PABA analogs and
mycophenolic
acid in purine biosynthesis

Lippincott biochem
7th edition,pg.297 Discuss the role of Ribonucleotide reductase Role of
(can be easily Ribonucleotide
covered from block
in Nucleotide metabolism (hydroxyurea)
reductase
4 Medico Express
book)
Define acidosis and alkalosis.

Classify acid base disorders.

Enlist causes of metabolic acidosis and give

its compensation. Acid Base
Satya Biochem 6th
edition,pg.481-484 Enlist causes of respiratory acidosis and give Biochemistry/i balance
(can be easily ntegrate with imbalance/
covered from block its compensation. Medicine Types of acid
4 Medico Express
base disorders
book)
Enlist causes of metabolic alkalosis and give
its compensation.

Enlist causes of respiratory alkalosis and give

its compensation.
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Interpret disorders metabolic and respiratory

disorders of acid base balance on basis of sign, Acid Base
Satya Biochem 6th balance
symptoms and arterial blood gas (ABG) findings Biochemistry imbalance/
edition,pg.484-485
(can be easily Tetany in
covered from block alkalosis
4 Medico Express Give biochemical explanation for tetany
book)
associated with alkalosis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Classify diuretics & carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

MOA, clinical uses, and adverse effects

Describe Thiazide & loop diuretics their Pharmacology

Mini katzung Mechanism
& Diuretics
pharma, 15th of Action, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Therapeutics
edition,pg.134-144
Describe Potassium sparing and osmotic
(can be easily
covered from block diuretics their mechanism of action, clinical uses,
4 Medico Express
book) and adverse
effects.
Robbins basic Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of
pathology 10th different Renal Stones
edition pg.576 (can
types of stones.
be easily covered
from block 4 Medico
Express book)
Robbins basic Identify the causes, morphological aspect &
pathology 10th Hydronephrosis
edition pg.577 (can outcome of hydronephrosis. Pathology
be easily covered
from block 4 Medico
Express book)

Robbins basic Define pyelonephritis and enumerate its types.

pathology 10th
edition pg.564-566 Describe the morphological features of acute Pyelonephritis
(can be easily
and chronic pyelonephritis
covered from block
4 Medico Express
book)
Define acute and chronic cystitis.
Robbins basic Describe morphological features of different types Cystitis
pathology 10th
edition pg.702 (can of cystitis.
be easily covered
from block 4 Medico
Express book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

Levinson micro 17th

edition,pg.659-662 Enlist common causative agents of urinary tract
(can be easily infections and describe pathogenesis and clinical UTI causative
Microbiology
covered from block agents
4 Medico Express features of common causative agents of UTI.
book)
Define various presentations of
Robbins basic
pathology 10th glomerulonephritis. Define nephrotic and nephritic Integrate with Glomerulonephri
edition pg.562-
syndrome. Medicine tis
563,551-562 (can
be easily covered List various risk factors and outline
from block 4 Medico management of
Express book)
glomerulonephritis.
Davidson’s Define AKI (acute kidney injury)
medicine ,24th
edition,chapter 21 Identify various risk factors and causes for AKI. Acute Kidney
(can be easily Injury
covered from block Outline management strategies.
4 Medico Express
book)
Define UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Davidson’s
medicine ,24th
edition,chapter 21 Identify various risk factors and causes of UTI. Urinary tract
(can be easily infection
covered from block Describe signs and symptoms of UTI.
4 Medico Express
book) Outline management strategies.

DISEASE PREVENTION AND IMPACT

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

DISCIPLINE TOPIC
K park 24th edition, Discuss the significance of quality of life in
chapter 11(Quality
of life),chapter disease and treatment settings.
13(indicators of Community
Measures of health status. Disability-Adjusted Quality of life
health) (can be Medicine and
easily covered from Life Year (DALY) and Quality-Adjusted Life Year Public Health
block 4 Medico
Express book) (QALY)
Life expectancy.
To identify the behavioral abnormalities caused
by Dementia,
uremic
renal function. encephalopathy,
Behavioral
To identify the cognitive abnormality. delusion,
Sciences
muscle paralysis
To identify the dangers for the patient, his family, &
and Societal impact

society.
AGING
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

THEORY

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

To define preventive care in diseases related
K park,23rd to urinary system(adults). Disease
Community
editon,chapter 5 prevention
(can be easily Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
covered from
block 4 Medico
Express book)
Define urinary incontinence. Urinary
Davidson’s Medicine
medicine ,24th Outline management strategies. incontinence
edition chapter
34,section 34.7
(can be easily
covered from
block 4 Medico
Express book)
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM

2%
2%
3%
%
MUST USE BLOCK 4 ALL IN ONE BOOK OF MEDICO EXPRESS
NO 1 BEST SELLING OF MODULAR SYSTEM