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Physics Formulas (1)

The document provides a comprehensive overview of essential physics formulas related to motion, forces, energy, waves, electricity, and space physics. Key equations include those for density, speed, acceleration, momentum, work, kinetic and potential energy, and Ohm's law. It also covers principles like Boyle's Law, Hubble's Law, and the characteristics of waves and light.

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muhammad
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5 views

Physics Formulas (1)

The document provides a comprehensive overview of essential physics formulas related to motion, forces, energy, waves, electricity, and space physics. Key equations include those for density, speed, acceleration, momentum, work, kinetic and potential energy, and Ohm's law. It also covers principles like Boyle's Law, Hubble's Law, and the characteristics of waves and light.

Uploaded by

muhammad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MR DENIS 1

Physics Formulas

Motion, Forces, and Energy

Physical Quantities and Measurement Techniques


Density (ρ):

ρ=m/V
where ρ is density (kg/m³), m is mass (kg), and V is volume (m³).

Motion
Speed (v):
v=d/t
where v is speed (m/s), d is distance (m), and t is time (s).

Acceleration (a):
a = (v - u) / t
where a is acceleration (m/s²), v is final velocity (m/s), u is initial velocity (m/s), and t is time (s).

Equations of Motion for Constant Acceleration:


1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + (1/2)at²
3. v² = u² + 2as
where s is displacement (m), u is initial velocity (m/s), v is final velocity (m/s), a is acceleration
(m/s²), and t is time (s).

Mass and Weight


Weight (W):
W = mg
where W is weight (N), m is mass (kg), and g is gravitational acceleration (≈ 9.8 m/s² on Earth).

Forces
Newton’s Second Law, Force (F):
F = ma
where F is force (N), m is mass (kg), and a is acceleration (m/s²).

Spring Constant

k=F/x

where k is the spring constant (N/m), F is Force (N), and x is extension (m).
MR DENIS 2

To find extension from a graph, find the gradient

Moment = F × d

Where F is force (N), and d is distance (m).

For principle of moment:

Clockwise moment =anticlockwise moment

F1d1=F2d2

Momentum
Momentum (p):
p = mv
where p is momentum (kgm/s), m is mass (kg), and v is velocity (m/s).

Impulse =F×t

Where: impulse is in newtons seconds (Ns), F is Force (N), and t is time (s)

Impulse =change in momentum

Ft=mv-mu

Where: mv is final momentum and mu initial momentum

M1U1 +M2U2= M1V1 +M1V2 (collide, separate and move with different speed)

M1U1 +M2U2 =M (V1 +V2) (collide, fuse and move together)

Energy, Work, and Power


Work (W):
W = Fd
where W is work (J), F is force (N), and d is displacement (m).

Kinetic Energy (KE):


KE = (1/2)mv²
where KE is kinetic energy (J), m is mass (kg), and v is velocity (m/s).

Gravitational Potential Energy (PE):


PE = mgh
MR DENIS 3

where PE is gravitational potential energy (J), m is mass (kg), g is gravitational acceleration (≈ 9.8
m/s²), and h is height (m).

Power (P):
P=W/t
where P is power (W), W is work done (J), and t is time (s).
𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
Efficiency = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕

Or
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
Efficiency = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕

Pressure
Pressure (P):
P=F/A
where P is pressure (Pa), F is force (N), and A is area (m²).

Pressure in liquids =h ρ g

Where: h is height (m), ρ is density (kg/m3), and g is gravity, pressure in pascals (pa) or newton per
metre squared (N/m2)

Thermal Physics

Kinetic Particle Model of Matter


Boyle's Law (constant temperature): pV = constant

Units: pressure in pascals (pa) and V volume (cm3 or m3)


𝐕𝟏 𝐕𝟐
For Charlse Law =
𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐

Combining the two laws:

T = 273 + θ

Where T is temperature in kelvin (K) and θ is temperature in degree Celsius (°C)

Thermal Properties and Temperature


ΔE = mcΔθ = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
MR DENIS 4

Units: c in J/kg·°C, m in kg and Δθ

But

Energy =power 𝑥 time

E =Pt

Where P is power in Watts (W)and t is time in seconds(s)

But P =E/t

E =VIt

Where E is energy, V voltage and t is time

Waves

General Properties of Waves


Wave speed: v = fλ

Where v is velocity (m/s), f is frequency (Hz)and λ is the wavelength (m)

Frequency: f = 1 / T

T is time in Seconds (s)

Light
Refractive index

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 (𝒐𝒓 𝒂 𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎)


n=
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎

or n = c / v

where c is the speed of light in air or in vacuum (3 × 108 m/s) while v is the speed of light in
medium

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊
n=𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓

where sin i is the angle of incidence while sin r is the angle of reflection.

𝟏
n =𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 OR n =1/c
MR DENIS 5

where c is the critical angle

Electricity and Magnetism

Electrical Quantities
Q=I×t

Where Q is charge in coulomb (C), I is current in ampere (A)and t is time in seconds (s)

Ohm's Law: V = IR

Where V is voltage in volts, I current in amperes and R is resistance in ohms (Ω),

Electrical Power: P = IV or P= I²R OR P= V² / R

Where P is power in Watts (W), I current (A) and V voltage (V)

Energy transferred: E = IVt

E = W/Q

or W = Q × E

Where Q is the charge in coulombs, W is the work done in joules and E is e.m.f in volts (V)

V = W/Q or V = E/Q

Where V is p.d in volts , W is work done in joules, Q is charge in coulombs and E is energy in joules

Note 1second (s) =10-3 milliseconds (ms)

1 second =10-9nanoseconds (ns)

1volt (V) =106 megavolts (MV)

1volts(V) =103 kilovolts (kV)

Resistivity
MR DENIS 6

Where R1 and R2 is the resistance for different materials, I1 and I2 is the length of the material

A1 and A2 is the cross section area of the two materials.

Resistors in series

R = R1 + R2 + R3

Resistors in parallel

For transformers,

Space Physics

Stars and the Universe


Hubble's Law: v = H₀d

Or

H0=𝒗𝒅

Where H₀ is the Hubble constant: the unit is per second (2.2x10-18 per second), 𝒗 is the speed and
d is the distance
MR DENIS 7

𝟐𝝅𝒓
v= 𝑻

where v is the orbital speed of the planet, r is the distance and T is


time.

𝒅 𝒔
v= 𝒕 or v=𝒕 where v is the speed, d or s is the distance while t is the

time.

𝟏
The age of the universe =
𝐇₀

Note that 1year =3.2 x 107seconds

Speed of light =3.0 x108m/s

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