1 The diagram shows three di erent elements and their state at room temperature.

a. Which two of these elements flow easily at room temperature?

b. What is the chemical symbol for chlorine?

c. Chlorine gas fills the jar.

Explain why a gas fills a jar.

Tick (✓) the box next to the correct explanation.

Forces between particles push them apart

The particles are free to move

The particles can easily be squashed into a small space

The particles increase in size to fill the space

 d. Liquid bromine easily evaporates.

Explain what happens to the particles (molecules) when a liquid evaporates.

2 Which of the statements about particles in a solid are correct?

Circle the three correct statements.

The particles in a solid are:

Further apart than the particles in a liquid.

Further apart than the particles in a gas.

Able to vibrate about a fixed point.

Arranged in a more fixed pattern than particles in a liquid.

Not able to vibrate when they reach 0oC.

Able to vibrate more as they gain energy.

a. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

Complete the table to show their properties.

 b. The particle theory of matter can be used to explain these properties.

Circles have been used to represent the particles of a liquid.

i.Draw circles to represent the particles of a solid and of a gas.

ii. Liquids can only be compressed a little bit.

Explain why.

c. Gases exert a pressure on the walls of a container.

What causes this pressure?

3 The diagram shows a cooling curve for a pure substance.

a. Which word describes the process X on the cooling curve?

Tick (✓) one box.

Boiling

Condensing

Evaporating

Melting

b. Describe two things that happen to particles of the substance during freezing.
 c. A solid is heated until it becomes a gas.

Sketch a graph to show how the temperature changes during this process.

Use the axes provided.

4 This question is about the three states of matter.

a. A gas is blown into a balloon. The balloon changes shape.

Why does the balloon change shape?

Tick (✓) the box next to the correct answer.

The particles of the gas expand to fill the space.

The particles of the gas get bigger.

The particles of the gas hit the surface of the balloon more often.

The particles of the gas slow down.

 b. Rajiv investigates the cooling curve of a substance.

He measures the temperature of a hot liquid every minute.

The graph shows his results.

i. What is the temperature of the hot liquid at the start?

ii. Name the process that happens when a liquid changes into a solid.

iii. At what temperature does the liquid change into a solid?

5 This question is about elements and compounds.

a. Match the name of the element to its correct chemical symbol.

b. Look at the formula of this compound.

The compound contains two elements.

One element is chlorine.

Write down the name of the other element.

c. Look at the formula of this compound.

What type of compound is CaO?

Circle the correct answer.

Carbonate

Hydroxide

Oxide

Sulfate
6 This question is about elements, compounds and mixtures.

a. Look at the boxes. They show the particles in some substances.

Which box shows a mixture of two elements?

Write the letter.

b. A compound is made of only sodium and chlorine.

What is the name of this compound?

7 The diagram shows molecules in a mixture.

Circle the correct statement about the mixture.

Mixture of four elements

Mixture of four compounds

Mixture of two elements and two compounds

Mixture of one element and three compounds

8 The diagram below shows the three di erent states of matter.

a. Which statement describes the shape and volume of the solid?

A. Fixed shape and fixed volume

B. Fixed shape but no fixed volume

C. No fixed shape but fixed volume

D. No fixed shape and no fixed volume

b. Which statement correctly compares the force of attraction between liquid and
the other two states of matter?

A. Liquid particles have stronger attractive forces than solid and gas particles

B. Liquid particles have stronger attractive forces than gas particles only

C. Liquid particles have weaker attractive forces than solid and gas particles

D. Liquid particles have weaker attractive forces than solid and gas particles

9 The diagram below shows the particle arrangement in gas X at room temperature.

Which diagram shows the particle arrangement in gas X when it is frozen?

A C

B D
10 Yumi investigates the changes in states of matter.

In her investigation, she puts ice cubes into a glass of water.

After a while, she notices some water droplets forming on the outside of the glass.

She leaves the glass for two days.

Diagrams A and B show her experimental set-up.

a. After two days, Yumi writes down her observations in the table below.

Complete the table below by identifying the change in state of matter and name of the
process that caused each observation.

Some has been done for you.

Observation Change in state of Name of

matter process

Water droplets formed on the outside of the Gas to liquid

glass in diagram A.

Ice is no longer visible in diagram B. Melting

The level of water in the glass dropped in Liquid to gas

diagram B.

b. Explain what happens to the particles that causes the formation of the water
droplets in Diagram A.
 c. Is the process of ice melting an exothermic or endothermic process? Explain
your answer.

11 The diagram shows the water cycle.

Four di erent processes are numbered.

Which row identifies the processes correctly?

12 The diagram below shows part of the water cycle.

A, B, C and D are processes in the water cycle.

a. Complete the table below by naming the processes A, B, C and D in the diagram.

Letter Name of process

A

b. Rain is one type of material that can fall to the Earth during process C. Name one
other type of material that can fall to the Earth during the same process.

c. Name one process in the water cycle that is not shown in the diagram.
 The diagram below shows some processes in the water cycle.

a. What is the source of energy for the water cycle?

b. What is the name of the process that changes water vapour into water droplets
that form the cloud?

c. Arrow X represents one process in the water cycle, in which water flows over the
land and into the ocean.
Name the process.

13 a. Use lines to match the boxes containing the words, element, compound and
mixture, to a box containing an example of each.
 b. From the list of chemical symbols, choose the correct one for each of the
elements shown.

c. A compound has the chemical formula MgSO4.

Name the elements found in MgSO4.

14 This question is about liquids.

a. When a liquid is put into a beaker, it takes on the shape of the beaker.

Why do liquids take on the shape of the beaker?

Tick () two boxes.

 b. Pierre investigates the boiling point of water.

The table shows some of his results.

i.There is one result missing.

The thermometer shows Pierre’s missing result.

What is the temperature on the thermometer?

ii. What e ect does adding salt have on the boiling point of water?
15 Complete the table to show the name and formula of each compound and element.

Hydrogen = 2

Sulfur = 1

16 Complete the table to show the name and number of atoms in the formula of each
compound.