Formulas from Trigonometry:

sin2 A + cos2 A = 1 sin(A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B

tan A±tan B
cos(A ± B) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B tan(A ± B) = 1∓tan A tan B
2 2
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos 2A = cos
q A − sin A
2 tan A
tan 2A = 1−tan2 A
sin A2 = ± 1−cos A
2
q
cos 2 = ± 1+cos
A
2
A
tan A2 = 1+cos
sin A
A
sin2 A = 21 − 12 cos 2A cos2 A = 21 + 12 cos 2A
sin A + sin B = 2 sin 21 (A + B) cos 12 (A − B) sin A − sin B = 2 cos 21 (A + B) sin 21 (A − B)
cos A + cos B = 2 cos 21 (A + B) cos 12 (A − B) cos A − cos B = 2 sin 21 (A + B) sin 21 (B − A)
sin A sin B = 12 {cos(A − B) − cos(A + B)} cos A cos B = 12 {cos(A − B) + cos(A + B)}
sin A cos B = 21 {sin(A − B) + sin(A + B)}
Differentiation Formulas:
d dv
+ du d u
= v(du/dx)−u(dv/dx)


dx
(uv) = u dx dx
v dx v v2
dy dy du d du
Chain rule: dx = du dx dx
sin u = cos u dx
d du d 2 du
dx
cos u = − sin u dx dx
tan u = sec u dx
d −1 √ 1 du π −1 π d −1 √ −1 du , (0 < cos−1


dx
sin u = 1−u dx
2 , − 2
< sin u < 2
dx
cos u = 1−u2 dx
u < π)
d −1 1 du π −1 π d u u du
dx
tan u = 2
1+u dx
, − 2
< tan u < 2 dx
e = e dx
d
dx
ln u = 1 du
u dx
d
dx
loga u = logua e du
dx
, a 6= 0, 1
Integration Formulas:
Z Z
Integration by parts: u dv = uv − v du
Z Z
du
= ln |u| eu du = eu
Z u
au
Z
au du = , a > 0, a 6= 1 sin u du = − cos u
Z ln a Z
cos u du = sin u tan u du = − ln cos u
Z Z
sin2 u du = u
2 − sin 2u
4 = 12 (u − sin u cos u) tan2 u du = tan u − u
Z Z
du
cos2 u du = u
2 + sin 2u
4 = 12 (u + sin u cos u) = a1 tan−1 ua
Z Z u2 + a2
du   du
2 − a2
= 1
2a ln u−a
u+a
√ = sin−1 ua
u a2 − u2
√ √
Z Z
du du
√ = ln(u + u2 + a2 ) √ = ln(u + u2 − a2 )
Z u2 + a2 Z u2 − a2
ax ax
eax sin bx dx = e (a sina2bx−b
+b2
cos bx)
eax cos bx dx = e (a cos bx+b sin bx)
a2 +b2
Z Z  
x2
x sin ax dx = sina2ax − x cos
a
ax
x2 sin ax dx = 2x
a 2 sin ax + 2
a 3 − a cos ax
Z Z
sin2 ax dx = x2 − sin4a2ax x cos ax dx = cos ax
a2
+ x sin ax
a
Z  2  Z
x2 cos ax dx = 2xa 2 cos ax + x
a −
2
a3
sin ax cos2 ax dx = x
2 + sin 2ax
4a
Z Z
eax
tan2 ax dx = tanaax − x xeax dx = 1


a x− a
Z Z
x2 1


ln x dx = x ln x − x x ln x dx = 2 ln x − 2

1
 Table of Integrals∗
Basic Forms Integrals with Logarithms
√ √
Z
2
Z x ax + bdx = (−2b2 + abx + 3a2 x2 ) ax + b (26)
1
Z
x dx = n
xn+1 (1) 15a2
ln axdx = x ln ax − x (42)
n+1
Z
1
Z
ln ax 1
dx = ln |x| (2) Z p
1 dx = (ln ax)2 (43)
x
h
x(ax + b)dx =
p
(2ax + b) ax(ax + b) x 2
Z Z 4a3/2
udv = uv − vdu (3) √ p i
−b2 ln a x + a(ax + b)
Z  
(27) b
ln(ax + b)dx = x + ln(ax + b) − x, a 6= 0 (44)
Z a
1 1
dx = ln |ax + b| (4)
ax + b a Z
x
b2 ln(x2 + a2 ) dx = x ln(x2 + a2 ) + 2a tan−1
Z p  
Integrals of Rational Functions b x p 3 − 2x (45)
x3 (ax + b)dx = − 2 + x (ax + b) a
12a 8a x 3
b3 √ p
Z
1 1 + 5/2 ln a x + a(ax + b) (28) Z
x+a
dx = − (5) 8a ln(x2 − a2 ) dx = x ln(x2 − a2 ) + a ln − 2x (46)
(x + a)2 x+a x−a
(x + a)n+1
Z
(x + a)n dx = , n 6= −1 (6) Z
1p 2ax + b
Z p
n+1 1 p 1
ln ax2 + bx + c dx = 4ac − b2 tan−1 √
p
= x x2 ± a2 ± a2 ln x + x2 ± a2


x2 ± a2 dx
2 2 a 4ac − b2
Z
(x + a)n+1 ((n + 1)x − a) (29) 
b

x(x + a)n dx = + x ln ax2 + bx + c


(7) − 2x + (47)
(n + 1)(n + 2) 2a
Z
1 Z p
1 p 2 1 x
dx = tan−1 x (8) a2 − x2 dx = x a − x2 + a2 tan−1 √
Z
bx 1
1 + x2 2 2 a2 − x2 x ln(ax + b)dx = − x2
2a 4
Z
1 1 x (30)
dx = tan−1 b2
 
(9) 1
a2 + x2 a a + x2 − 2 ln(ax + b) (48)
Z 2 a
Z
x 1
p 1 2
3/2
dx = ln |a2 + x2 | (10) x x2 ± a2 dx = x ± a2 (31)
a2 + x2 2 3 Z
1
x ln a2 − b2 x2 dx = − x2 +


Z 2
x x Z 2
dx = x − a tan−1 (11) 1 p
a2 + x2 a √ dx = ln x + x2 ± a2 (32)
a2
 
x2 ± a2 1
x − 2 ln a2 − b2 x2
2

(49)
Z
x3 1 1 2 b
dx = x2 − a2 ln |a2 + x2 | (12) Z
1 x
a + x2
2 2 2 √ dx = sin−1 (33)
a2 − x2 a Integrals with Exponentials
Z
1 2 2ax + b
dx = √ tan−1 √ (13) Z
x
ax2 + bx + c 4ac − b 2 4ac − b2
p Z
√ dx = x2 ± a2 (34) 1 ax
x ±a
2 2 eax dx = e (50)
a
Z
1 1 a+x
, a 6= b √
Z
dx = ln (14) x p
√ 1 √ ax √

Z
(x + a)(x + b) b−a b+x √ dx = − a2 − x2 (35) i π
a −x
2 2 xeax dx = xe + 3/2 erf i ax ,
Z a 2a
x a 2
Z x
dx = + ln |a + x| (15) where erf(x) = √
2
e−t dt (51)
(x + a)2 a+x π 0
x2
Z
1 p 1 p
√ dx = x x2 ± a2 ∓ a2 ln x + x2 ± a2
Z
x 1 x ±a
2 2 2 2 Z
dx = ln |ax2 + bx + c| (36) xex dx = (x − 1)ex (52)
ax2 + bx + c 2a
b 2ax + b
tan−1 √
 
− √
Z
(16) x 1
a 4ac − b2 4ac − b2 xeax dx = − 2 eax (53)
Z p
b + 2ax p 2 a a
Integrals with Roots ax2 + bx + cdx = ax + bx + c
4a
Z
x2 ex dx = x2 − 2x + 2 ex


2
(54)
4ac − b p
Z
√ 2 + ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax2 + bx+ c) (37)
x − adx = (x − a)3/2 8a3/2
(17) x2
Z  
2x 2
3 x2 eax dx = − 2 + 3 eax (55)
a a a
√
Z
1
√ dx = 2 x ± a (18)
Z
1  √ p 2 x3 ex dx = x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 6 ex
Z

x±a p (56)
x ax2 + bx + c = 2 a ax + bx + c
Z
1 √ 48a5/2
√ dx = −2 a − x (19) xn eax
Z Z
× −3b2 + 2abx + 8a(c + ax2 ) n


a−x xn eax dx = − xn−1 eax dx (57)
√ p  a a
+3(b3 − 4abc) ln b + 2ax + 2 a ax2 + bx + c (38)
√
Z
2 2
x x − adx = a(x − a)3/2 + (x − a)5/2 (20) Z
(−1)n
3 5 xn eax dx = Γ[1 + n, −ax],
an+1
Z
√
 
√ Z ∞ (58)
2b 2x Z
1 1
ax + bdx = + ax + b (21) where Γ(a, x) = ta−1 e−t dt
p
3a 3 √ dx = √ ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax2 + bx + c)
2
ax + bx + c a x
Z
2 (39) √
√

Z
(ax + b)3/2 dx = (ax + b)5/2 (22) 2 i π
eax dx = − √ erf ix a (59)
5a 2 a
√ √
Z
x 2 Z
√

√ dx = (x ∓ 2a) x ± a (23) π
Z 2
x 1p 2 e−ax dx = √ erf x a (60)
x±a 3 √ dx = ax + bx + c
ax2 + bx + c a 2 a
b
Z
p p 2 1 2
x(a − x) − 3/2 ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax2 + bx + c) xe−ax dx = − e−ax
Z r
x (40) (61)
dx = − x(a − x) − a tan−1
p
(24) 2a 2a
a−x x−a

√
Z Z r
dx x 2 −ax2 1 π x −ax2
√ = √ (41) x e dx = erf(x a) − e (62)
Z r
x p √ 
(a2 + x2 )3/2 4 a3 2a
dx = x(a + x) − a ln x + x + a (25) a2 a2 + x2
a+x
∗
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 Integrals with Trigonometric Functions Z
1 x
Z
1 1 ex cos xdx = e (sin x + cos x) (106)
sec3 x dx = sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| (84) 2
Z
1 2 2
sin axdx = − cos ax (63)
a Z Z
1
sec x tan xdx = sec x (85) ebx cos axdx = ebx (a sin ax + b cos ax) (107)
Z
x sin 2ax a2 + b2
sin2 axdx = − (64)
2 4a Z
1
sec2 x tan xdx = sec2 x (86) Z
2 1 x
Z xex sin xdx = e (cos x − x cos x + x sin x) (108)
n
sin axdx = Z 2
1
n
sec x tan xdx = secn x, n 6= 0 (87)
1

1 1−n 3
 n
− cos ax 2 F1 , , , cos2 ax (65) Z
1 x
a 2 2 2 Z xex cos xdx = e (x cos x − sin x + x sin x) (109)
x 2
Z csc xdx = ln tan = ln | csc x − cot x| + C (88)
3 cos ax cos 3ax 2
sin3 axdx = − + (66) Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions
4a 12a Z
2 1
Z
1 csc axdx = − cot ax (89)
cos axdx = sin ax (67) a
a
Z
1
cosh axdx = sinh ax (110)
Z
x sin 2ax
Z
1 1 a
cos2 axdx = + (68) csc3 xdx = − cot x csc x + ln | csc x − cot x| (90)
2 4a 2 2
Z
Z
1 eax cosh bxdx =
csc x cot xdx = − cscn x, n 6= 0
n
Z
1 (91)
cosp axdx = − cos1+p ax× n  ax
e
a(1 + p) 
 2 [a cosh bx − b sinh bx] a 6= b
a − b2
  Z
1+p 1 3+p 2 sec x csc xdx = ln | tan x| (92) 2ax (111)
F
2 1
2
,
2
,
2
, cos ax (69) e

+
x
a=b
4a 2
Products of Trigonometric Functions and
Z
3 sin ax sin 3ax
Z
cos3 axdx = + (70) 1
4a 12a Monomials sinh axdx = cosh ax (112)
a
Z
cos[(a − b)x] cos[(a + b)x] Z Z
cos ax sin bxdx = − , a 6= b x cos xdx = cos x + x sin x (93) eax sinh bxdx =
2(a − b) 2(a + b)
(71) Z
 ax
e
1 x 
 2 [−b cosh bx + a sinh bx] a 6= b
x cos axdx = cos ax + sin ax (94) a − b2 (113)
a2 a 2ax
e x
Z
2 sin[(2a − b)x] 
− a=b
sin ax cos bxdx = − Z
4a 2
4(2a − b) x2 cos xdx = 2x cos x + x2 − 2 sin x


(95)
sin bx sin[(2a + b)x]
+ − (72) Z
2b 4(2a + b) eax tanh bxdx =
a2 x2 − 2
Z
2 2x cos ax
Z x cos axdx = + sin ax (96)  (a+2b)x
1 a 2 a3 e h a a i
sin2 x cos xdx = sin3 x (73) 
 2 F1 1 + , 1, 2 + , −e2bx
3

 (a + 2b) 2b 2b


1 ax ha i
Z
1 − e 2 F 1 , 1, 1E, −e2bx a 6= b (114)
xn cosxdx = − (i)n+1 [Γ(n + 1, −ix) a −1 ax 2b
Z
cos[(2a − b)x]

2 cos bx 2
 eax − 2 tan

[e ]
cos ax sin bxdx = − 

a=b
4(2a − b) 2b 
+(−1)n Γ(n + 1, ix)] (97) a
cos[(2a + b)x]
− (74) Z
1
4(2a + b) tanh ax dx = ln cosh ax (115)
Z a
1
xn cosaxdx = (ia)1−n [(−1)n Γ(n + 1, −iax)
Z
1
cos2 ax sin axdx = − cos3 ax (75) 2
3a
Z
1
−Γ(n + 1, ixa)] (98) cos ax cosh bxdx = [a sin ax cosh bx
a2 + b2
Z
x sin 2ax sin[2(a − b)x] +b cos ax sinh bx] (116)
sin2 ax cos2 bxdx = − − Z
4 8a 16(a − b) x sin xdx = −x cos x + sin x (99)
sin 2bx sin[2(a + b)x]
+ − (76)
8b 16(a + b)
Z Z
x cos ax sin ax 1
x sin axdx = − + (100) cos ax sinh bxdx = [b cos ax cosh bx+
Z a a2 a2 + b2
x sin 4ax
sin2 ax cos2 axdx = − (77) a sin ax sinh bx] (117)
8 32a Z
x2 sin xdx = 2 − x2 cos x + 2x sin x


Z (101)
1
tan axdx = − ln cos ax (78)
a
Z
1
sin ax cosh bxdx = [−a cos ax cosh bx+
Z
1
Z 2 2 a2 + b2
tan2 axdx = −x + 2−a x 2x sin ax
tan ax (79) x2 sin axdx = cos ax + (102) b sin ax sinh bx] (118)
a a3 a2

tann+1 ax
Z Z
tann axdx = × 1 Z
xn sin xdx = − (i)n [Γ(n + 1, −ix) − (−1)n Γ(n + 1, −ix)] 1
a(1 + n) 2 sin ax sinh bxdx = [b cosh bx sin ax−
  a2 + b2
n+1 n+3 (103)
2 F1 , 1, , − tan2 ax (80) a cos ax sinh bx] (119)
2 2
Z Products of Trigonometric Functions and
1 1 Exponentials
tan3 axdx = ln cos ax + sec2 ax (81) Z
a 2a 1
sinh ax cosh axdx = [−2ax + sinh 2ax] (120)
Z 4a
Z 1 x
x ex sin xdx = e (sin x − cos x)

sec xdx = ln | sec x + tan x| = 2 tanh−1 tan (82) (104)
2 2 Z
1
sinh ax cosh bxdx = [b cosh bx sinh ax
Z Z b2 − a2
1 1
sec2 axdx = tan ax (83) ebx sin axdx = ebx (b sin ax − a cos ax) (105) −a cosh ax sinh bx] (121)
a a2 + b2