MELC 37 Infer that the total momentum before and after the boy.

the boy. In this system, no momentum is gained or lost. We

collision is equal (e.g. vehicular collision) S9FE-IVb-37 say that momentum is conserved.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Please write all your answers Same is true with collisions. A collision is an encounter
on a separate sheet of paper. Do not forget to write your between two objects resulting in exchange of impulse and
name on the answer sheet. Do as instructed in every momentum. Because the time of impact is usually small, the
activity. Follow the Weekly Home Learning Plan (WHLP) impulse provided by external forces like friction during this time
given to you. Use a black or blue pen. is negligible. If we take the colliding bodies as one system, the
momentum of the system is therefore approximately
Lesson: Conservation of Momentum conserved. Since there are two objects involved in colliding
bodies, the total momentum therefore refers to the sum of the
(refer to your book on pages 264-270)
momentum of the first object and the momentum of the second
Lesson Objectives: object.
Specifically you will be able to: Consider 2 objects speeding toward each
other. When they collide......
1. Describe the interaction between two objects in terms rd
of change in momentum of each object Due to Newton’s 3 Law the FORCE
they exert on each other are
2. Compare the total momentum of two objects in a EQUAL and OPPOSITE.
system before and after collision
The TIMES of impact are also equal.
Predevelopment of the Lesson Therefore, the IMPULSES of the 2
You have learned that an external force is required to make an objects colliding are also
EQUAL
object accelerate. Similarly, if we want to change the
momentum of an object, an external force is required. There J 1 =−J 2 If the Impulses are equal then the
MOMENTUMS are also equal!
will be no change in momentum if there is no external force. p1 =− p2
Development of the Lesson m1 Δv1 =−m2 Δv2
The conservation of momentum is considered as one of the m1 ( v 1−v o 1 )=−m2 ( v 2−v o 2 )
most important principles in physics. It presents analysis of m1 v 1 −m1 v o1 =−m2 v 2 +m2 v o2
situations wherein collisions are involved. These collisions
range from collisions of subatomic particles to those of cars
involved in traffic accidents. ∑ pbefore =∑ pafter
m1 v o1 +m2 v o 2 =m1 v 1 +m2 v 2
Let’s take this situation as an example. Two children on
skateboards are initially at rest. They push each other so that In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system
eventually the boy moves to the right while the girl moves in before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the
the opposite direction away from each other. Newton’s Third system after the collision.
Law tells us that the force that the girl exerts on the boy and
the force that makes the girl move in the other direction are of Total momentum before collision=total momentum after collision
equal magnitude but opposite direction. The boy and the girl
Total momentum before collision = P1 + P2
make up a system – a collection of objects that affect one
another. = m1v1 + m2v2
Total momentum after collision = P1’ +P2’
= m1v1’ + m2v2’
P1 + P2 = P1’ +P2’
m1v1 + m2v2 = = m1v1’ + m2v2’

No net/unbalanced external force acts on the boy-girl system,

thus, the total momentum of the system does not change. m1 = is the mass of object 1
m2 = is the mass of object 2
Remember that momentum, like velocity and force, is a vector
v1 = is the velocity of object 1 before
quantity. The momentum gained by the girl is of equal v2 = is the velocity of object 2 collision
magnitude but opposite direction to the momentum gained by v1’ = is the velocity of object 1 after
 v2’ = is the velocity of object 2 collision collision. The total momentum of the system (the
Note that the apostrophe symbol (') denotes that these are the collection of two objects) is d. _________.
velocities after the collision.
Types of Collision
An isolated system refers to one on which no external force is Collisions are categorized according to whether the total
acting. The only force present in the system are those between kinetic energy of the system changes. Kinetic energy may be
the interacting objects. In all collisions that have been studied, lost during collisions when
the law of conservation of momentum has been found to apply.
1. It is converted to heat or other forms like binding
For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an energy, sound, light if there is a spark
isolated system, the total momentum of the two objects before 2. It is spent in deformation or damage such as
the collision is equal to the total momentum of the two objects when two cars collide
after the collision. That is, the momentum lost by object 1 is
equal to the momentum gained by object 2. The two types of collision are:

Activity 1 Car Crash….. 1. Elastic collision- one in which the total kinetic
energy of the system does not change and colliding
Objectives: objects bounce off after collision.
Describe the interaction between two objects in terms of
m1 v 1 i +m2 v 2 i=m1 v 1 f +m2 v 2 f
change in momentum of each object 2. Inelastic collision – one in which the total kinetic
energy of the system changes (i.e. converted to some
Analyze the given data in the figure and answer the guide other form of energy). Objects that stick together after
questions collision is said to be perfectly inelastic.
m1 v 1 i +m2 v 2 i=(m1 +m2 )v f

A B

Guide Quesitons
1. What is the momentum of the Car A___ and Car
B___before the collision? (Use the equation for
momentum)
2. What is the momentum of the Car A____ and Car B
___after the collision? Use the equation for
momentum)
3. Which vehicle is moving fast? ___Moving slow?___
4. What happened to the velocity of the Car A
(increases, decreases) and Car B (increases,
decreases) during collision?
5. What is the total momentum before the collision?
6. What is the total momentum after the collision?
7. In the collisions between two objects, Car A a. (slows
down, speeds up) and loses momentum while the
Car B b.(slows down,speeds up) and gains
momentum. Yet, the total momentum of the two cars
(Car A plus Car B) is c. (reduced, the same,
increased) before the collision as it is after the
 EVALUATION:

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
Activity 2 Colliding differently, conserved similarly A. Kinetic energy must not change.
(Momentum) B. No external force is present.
C. An object must be at rest.
Objective: D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
For 2-3, Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the same
Compare the total momentum of two objects in a speed of 1.0 m/s.
system before and after collision 2. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?
Material: A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s
Data in the table 3. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is
Procedure: the total momentum of the system after collision?
Instruction: See how momentum is conserved in the A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s
given situations. Answer the guide questions. 4. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If
they collide in a perfectly elastic collision, what would be their
SET A .Elastic Collision velocities after collision?
Collision 1: Green cart initially at rest. A. Zero
Before Collision B. Same in magnitude and direction
Object Mass Velocity Momentu Kinetic C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
(kg) (m/s) m (kg m/s) Energy D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction
(kg m2/s2) 5. Momentum is conserved in any collision. Which of the
Red cart 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.25 following is TRUE about Elastic collisions?
Green cart 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 A. Kinetic energy is not conserved
Total 0.5 0.25 B. momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
After Collision C. objects stick together
Object Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) Energy
D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved
(kg m2/s2)
Red cart 0.5 -0.5 -0.25 0.0625
Green cart 1.5 0.5 0.75 0.1875
Total 0.50 0.25

Guide Questions :
1. What happens to the momentum before and after
collision?
2. What happens to the kinetic energy before and after
collision ?

SET B. Inelastic Collision

Collision : Green cart initially at rest. Before Collision
Mass Velocity Momentu Kinetic
(kg) (m/s) m (kg m/s) Energy
(kg m2/s2)
Red cart 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5
Collision 1: Green cart initially at rest. Green cart 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guide Questions : Total 1.0 0.5
1. What happens to the momentum before and after collision? After Collision
2. What happens to the kinetic energy before and after Mass Velocity Momentu Kinetic
collision? (kg) (m/s) m (kg m/s) Energy
(kg m2/s2)
Red cart 1.0 0.33 0.33 0.05445
Green cart 2.0 0.33 0.66 0.1089
Total 1.0 0.16