Multiple Choice Questions

Answers

CHAPTER 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Compare the characteristics of initial & final substances in order to check whether the change

is physical or chemical.

1.
(a) Yes, as a new substance was formed in the form of a gas.

2.
(a) Activity 1, as the properties of the substances in the mixture change.

Relate the substances taking part in the chemical reaction & substances formed in the

chemical reaction in order to classify them as reactants & products.

1. (d) reactants-sodium and chlorine; products- sodium chloride

2. (c)
Reactants Products

H, Cl, 2H and O2 HCl and 2H2O



Use chemical symbols & chemical formulae correctly in order to acquire the skill of writing

chemical equations.

1. (c) 2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3

2. (b) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2HOH

Apply Law of Conservation of Mass in order to balance chemical equations

1. (d)
Element Number of Atoms in Reactants Number of Atoms in Reactants
(LHS) (RHS)

Pb 1 1

Cu 1 1

Cl 2 2

2. (b)
Element Number of Atoms in Reactants Number of Atoms in Reactants
(LHS) (RHS)

Na 2 2

Cl 2 2

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 Categorize the given reactions as (combination/ decomposition) based on the reactants &

products of a chemical reaction.

1. (c) The reaction is an example of a combination reaction as two compounds react to form a single

compound.

2. (c) reaction P is an example of a combination reaction while reaction Q is an example of a decomposition

reaction

Classify the given reaction as displacement or double displacement based on the type of

reactants used & products formed.

1.
(a) A displacement reaction takes place as lead replaces copper from the solution.

2. (d) silver nitrate and potassium undergo double displacement reaction to form silver chloride and potassium

nitrate

Predict the reaction as Oxidation or Reduction based on the addition/ removal of oxygen/

hydrogen/ electrons to the reactants to form products.

1. (a) Zn → Zn+2

2. (a)
Oxidation Reduction

4H2 3Fe


Observe colour change in iron, copper and silver articles over time in order to outline the ef-

fects of corrosion in our surroundings (real life situations, stating any two).

1. (a) effect of moisture on metals

2. (b) the jewellery comes in contact with air, moisture, and acids and corrodes

Detect changes in smell, colour, taste of food items overtime, in order to explain effects of

oxidation on food items.

1. (a) it prevents rancidity of chips

2. (a) the oils in the bread oxidises and causes rancidity

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 CHAPTER 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
Recall the tastes of acids and bases in order to point out if given food items contain an acid or

a base.

1. (d) banana

2. (b)
Acid Base

Lemon juice Baking soda

Curd Broccoli

Observe the action of given substances with various indicators, in order to categorize them as

acids or bases.

1. (c) blue litmus paper: no colour change; red litmus paper: changes color

2. (c) methyl orange: Red; phenolphthalein: colourless

Detect the formation of hydrogen gas when a metal reacts with an acid or a base, in order to

confirm the presence of an acid/ base given an unknown compound.

1.
(b) X: zinc; Y: hydrogen

2.
(d) by a burning candle

Detect the formation of carbon dioxide when a metal carbonate/ bicarbonate reacts with acid,

in order to detect the presence of acid given an unknown compound.

1.
(b) white precipitate is formed

2. (c) X: hydrochloric acid; Y: carbon dioxide

Analyse the reaction taking place between an acid and a base (alkalis, metal oxides) using an

indicator.

1. (a) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

2. (c) C

Analyse the reaction taking place between an acid and a base (alkalis, metal oxides) using an

indicator.

1. (a) Salt

2. (a) A

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 Write down the ions present in aqueous solution of an acid or a base, in order to explain why

aqueous acid/ base conduct electricity.

1. (b) acid: H+; base: OH–

2. (d) the distilled water does not have ions present in it

Detect the strength of given substances based on their position in the pH scale.

1. (c) C and D

2. (c)
Strongest Strongest
Acid Base

A E

Explain the effect of pH change in animals, plants and environment in order to learn suitable

pH range for survival.

1. (b) 5.5 – 7

2. (b) sodium hydroxide

Identify the positive and negative radicals present in a salt, in order to predict a salt’s family

and pH range.

1. (b) Na - positive radical; Cl - negative radical

2. (c) HCl and NH4OH

Outline the process of formation of sodium hydroxide in order to explain its manufacture using

common salt.

1. (d) decomposition reaction

2. (d) 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

List the properties & explain the preparation/ manufacture some important compounds of

Sodium. (bleaching powder, baking soda and washing soda) in order to explain their

manufacture using common salt.

1. (d) to change the state of water

2. (b) X: NH4Cl; Y: NaHCO3

3. (d) to remove the permanent hardness of water

4. (a) by heating the baking soda

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 Demonstrate the activity of heating copper sulphate crystals and change in colour, in order to

detect the presence of water of crystallisation.

1. (d) from blue to white

2. (c) both X and Z

CHAPTER 3 Metals and Non-metals

Observe various substances and their physical properties in order to classify them as metals

or non-metals.

1. (c) substance M is metal while substance N is non-metal

2. (c) Lustrous Good conductor of Malleable Bad conductor of

Electricity electricity

Copper Graphite and silver Iron Rubber

Predict the products when metals & non-metals react with oxygen, water, dilute acids in order

to write a balanced chemical equation.

1. (d) 2Fe2O3(s)

2. (c) X – P4O10(s); Y – 2MgO(s)

Identify the product formed when a metal reacts with a metal salt, in order to list the metals

in order of their reactivity.

1. (d) MgO + HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O

2. (b) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2HOH

3. (c) Ca(OH)2

4. (b) Test the basicity using a red litmus paper.

5. (c) It catches fire and forms hydroxide.

6. (b) Beaker 1: KOH and H2O; Beaker 2: Ag2O and H2O

7. (c) Mg(NO3)2 and 2H2

8. (b) Hydrogen gas gets oxidized by HNO3 to form water.

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 Identify the product formed when a metal reacts with a metal salt, in order to list the metals

in order of their reactivity.

1. (d) lead is more reactive than copper

2. (c) silver – copper – zinc

Discuss the process of how metals react with non-metals, in order to explain formation &

properties of ionic compounds.

1. (c) Sodium chloride has strong inter-ionic bonding than magnesium chloride.

2. (d) Salt solution contain ions which makes it conductive and allows the electricity to flow through it.

Analyse the process of getting metals from their oxides, sulphides, carbonates in order to

extract them from their ores.

1. (c) cinnabar to convert it into mercuric oxide and then heating it again

2. (a) converting metal sulphides into metallic oxides and then using carbon to reduce it to obtain pure metal

Explain the process of electrolytic refining in order to assess how to obtain pure metals from

impure samples.

1. (d) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the cathode.

2. (b) 1-2-4-3

Observe corrosion in metal articles & its process in order to develop ways to prevent corrosion

by forming alloys, painting, galvanising.

1. (d) the swings with black paper to protect them from sunlight

2. (b) covering the object with a layer of zinc

CHAPTER 4 Carbon and its Compounds

Write down electron shell configuration of carbon in order to predict formulae of carbon

compounds and illustrate the structure of molecules of carbon compounds with chain, branched

& ring structure.

1. (a) 2, 4

2. (c) 4

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 Draw structures of carbon compounds in order to classify them as saturated or unsaturated.

1. (c)

2. (a) because there is a the single bond between the carbon atoms

Draw structures of carbon compounds and show types of bonds (single/ double/ triple) in order

to classify them as alkanes/ alkenes/ alkynes.

1. (b)

2. (c) both (A) and (D)

Draw structures of carbon compounds with functional groups, in order to predict their

properties due to functional groups and type of bonding present.

1. (d) ketone

2. (b)

Classify carbon compounds in homologous series in order to predict their properties.

1. (b) CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH

2. (c) because of the presence of the same functional group substitute for hydrogen in a carbon chain

Identify the functional group, type of bonding, number of C atoms present in a carbon

compound, in order to correctly name them.

1. (b) Ethane

2. (b) as it contains two carbon atoms and a single bond connects the carbon atoms

Observe how carbon compounds burn in oxygen, in order to classify them as saturated or

unsaturated.

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 1. (c) dioxide and water

2.
(b) unsaturated, as sooty deposit represents unburnt hydrocarbons

Illustrate the chemical properties of carbon compounds (like combustion, oxidation, addition

& substitution) along with balanced chemical reaction.

1.
(d) Alkaline KMnO4

2.
(d) CH3COOH

Identify how carbon compounds react with hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst, in order

to write a balanced chemical reaction.

1. (c)

2. (a) it causes a reaction to proceed without the reaction itself being affected

Identify how carbon compounds react with chlorine in the presence of sunlight, in order to

write a balanced chemical reaction.

1. (b) CH3Cl + HCl

Identify how carbon compounds react with chlorine in the presence of sunlight, in order to

write a balanced chemical reaction.

1. (c) it substitutes hydrogen atom from the compound

Perform physical and chemical tests in order to distinguish between Ethanol & Ethanoic acid

based on their properties (reaction with other substances).

1. (b) it has a low melting point

2. (a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

Describe the process of micelle formation in order to understand how soaps work.

1. (c) carbonic chain end of the soap interacts with the oil

2. (a) suspension of the dirt in the micelles

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 CHAPTER 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
Calculate the average atomic mass given masses of different elements, in order to identify Do-

bereiner’s Triads.

1. (c) mass of lithium + mass of potassium 2

2. (d) Z and X

Arrange elements in order of increasing atomic masses, in order to form Newlands’ Octaves.

1. (c) Li
Na
K
Cu
Rb

2. (b) Hydrogen, Fluorine, Bromine, Cobalt, Bromine

Arrange the elements on the basis of their properties like oxides and hydrides, in order to form

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.

1. (d) The student arranged the elements of the third group in the second group.

2. (c) K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
39.102 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.94 50.20 54.94

Identify the achievements and limitations in Mendeleev’s periodic table with respect to

arrangement of elements.

1. (a) prediction of noble gases

2. (a) only P

Interpret the arrangement of elements in the MPT.

1. (d) Na→Mg→Al→Si→P

2. (d) groups 1 and 18

Compute the group and period number of an element given its atomic number, in order to

determine its place in MPT.

1. (d) group - 15; period - 3

2. (a) Period Group 

2 17

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 Compute the number of shells & valence electrons of an element given its position in MPT, in

order to determine its properties.

1. (b) by sharing 3 electrons

2. (b) Shell Valence

Electrons
4 2

Predict the position of elements in the MPT in order to explain the trends in groups and periods.

1. (c) it increases and then decreases

2. (a) it will remain the same

Predict the trend of atomic size across the period and down the group, in order to explain

arrangement of elements in MPT.

1. (b) atomic radius decreases from sodium to argon

2. (a) addition of shells

Analyse the usefulness of MPT in studying the chemical behaviour of elements.

1. (b) it increases as electrons move away from the nucleus

2. (c) increases as the more of electrons are added to the same shell

CHAPTER 6 Life Processes

Explain the process of absorption of CO2 & H2O, in order to understand how autotrophs

obtain substances necessary for nutrition.

1.
(a) plants absorb CO2 from air and H2O from the soil as raw materials and convert them into glucose

2. (c) inability to perform photosynthesis

Explain the process of conversion of CO2 & H2O into carbohydrates, in order to understand

how autotrophs obtain nutrition.

1. (c)

2. (b) carbon dioxide is necessary for preparing carbohydrate

List and explain the strategies employed by heterotrophs to take up food, in order to

understand how heterotrophs obtain nutrition.

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 1. (c) by breaking down the nutrients of bread and then absorbing them

2. (d) fast distribution of nutrition within the body

Illustrate the process involved in human digestive system, in order to explain how humans

obtain nutrients from food.

1.
(a) mouth due to the presence of saliva

2.
(a) increase in the absorption of food

List the enzymes & their functions involved in human digestive system, in order to understand

breakdown of food in humans.

1. (c) Saliva will breakdown starch into simple sugar molecules.

2. (b) Test tube B as HCl will breakdown protein into simple molecules.

Outline and explain the ways of breakdown of glucose by various pathways, in order to explain

how energy is obtained in organisms.

1.
(b) in the absence of oxygen

2. (c)

Illustrate the process involved in human respiratory system, in order to explain how humans

take in oxygen and expel CO2.

1.
(b) living beings consumes oxygen during respiration

2. (c) dioxide is exhaled during respiration

Illustrate the process of transport of oxygenated & de-oxygentaed blood by human heart, in

order to explain how oxygen is transported to cells.

1. (a) Lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body cells

2. (a) towards the lungs

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 Outline the process of double circulation of blood in fishes, in order to explain how oxygen-

ated & de-oxygenated blood is compartmentalized.

1. (b) Gill capillaries → oxygenated blood → body cells → de-oxygenated blood → heart → gills

2. (c) The blood goes through heart only once in fishes.

Describe the function of blood vessels, arteries, platelets & lymph in human body, in order to

understand how human transportation system works.

1. (d) to sustain the high-pressure blood from the heart

2. (a) platelets form clot by plugging the site of injury

Explain the function of xylem (vessels and tracheids) in plants, in order to explain how plants

take up water from soil.

1. (d) difference in the ion concentration creates a gradient for water movement

2. (b) water moves through xylem in the plant

Explain the function of transpiration in order to explain how water travels up in plants.

1. (b) It helps the plant to maintain temperature in hot sunny days.

2. (a) Plant leaves give off water in form of vapours.

Explain the function of phloem & ATP, in order to explain how food is transported in plants.

1. (d) Food is transported from a region where it is produced to other parts of the plants.

2. (c) with the help of ATP molecules

Illustrate the process involved in human excretory system, in order to explain how waste is

transported out of humans’ body.

1. (c) It stores the urine till urination..

2. (d) It maintains the concentration of urine based on the amount of water present in the body.

Describe transpiration and other ways in which plants shed extra wastes, in order to explain

excretion in plants.

1. (d) Oxygen

2. (c) shedding of yellow leaves

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 CHAPTER 7 Control and Coordination
Draw the structure & explain the functioning of a neuron, in order to explain how electrical

signals travel in human body.

1. (a) Dendrite → cell body → axon → nerve ending

2. (a) olfactory receptors- dendritic tip of a nerve cell- - axon- nerve ending-release of signaldendritic tip of

other nerve cell

Outline the working of a reflex arc, in order to explain how reflex actions take place in humans.

1. (b)

2. (a) Bright light → receptors in eyes → sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neurons → eyelid closes

Illustrate the location and functions of different parts of human brain, in order to understand

working of human brain.

1. (c) Pons, medulla, cerebellum

2. (d)

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 Examine tropic movements in plants, in order to understand how plants respond to environ-

mental triggers like light, gravity, water.

1. (b) The plant uses electrical- chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell.

2. (b) Phototropism

Discuss limitations of electrical impulses, in order to outline the importance and use of

hormones.

1. (c) The electric impulses are transmitted to only those body parts that are connected to neurons.

2. (b) It is secreted by stimulated cells and reaches all cells of the body.

Illustrate the function of endocrine glands in human body, in order to understand functioning

of hormones.

1. (b) to stimulate growth in all organs

2. (a) oestrogen

CHAPTER 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?

List down the reasons for changes in DNA copying and their effect on ecosystem, in order to

understand importance of variations.

1. (a) variation in the genetic material

2. (c) DNA

Illustrate the process of fission in amoeba, leishmania & plasmodium, in order to understand

how uni-cellular organisms divide.

1. (b) The cell divides multiple times giving rise to many daughter cells.

2. (b) Parent cell will lead to the formation of two daughter cells of equal sizes.

Illustrate the process of fragmentation in Spirogyra & spore formation in Rhizopus, in order to

understand how multi-cellular organisms with simple body design divide.

1. (a) spores divide and grow into new individual

2. (d) It is a multicellular organism that breaks into pieces that grows into new individuals.

Illustrate the process of regeneration in Planaria, in order to understand how fully

differentiated multi-cellular organisms divide.

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 1. (c) the cells around the cut start to divide to form a complete organism

2. (c) Division in Planaria involves a single parent.

Illustrate the process of budding in Hydra, in order to understand how fully differentiated

multi-cellular organisms use regenerative cells to divide.

1. (b) bud develops due to repetitive cell division at a specific site

2. (d) to develop new independent individual

Illustrate the process of vegetative propagation in plants like sugarcane, roses, grapes in order

to understand how plants reproduce without seeds.

1. (c) this eliminates the need of producing plant using seeds

2. (b) It is an asexual method of producing new plants.

Label the different parts of a flower and explain their functions, in order to understand how

flowers reproduce to form fruit.

1. (d) stigma

2. (a) formation of fruit

List down the changes occurring in male and female body in teenage years, in order to under-

stand effects of puberty.

1. (a)
 thick hairs grow on face
 cracking of voice
 enlargement of reproductive organ

2. (b) sexual maturation

Illustrate the male reproductive system, in order to understand its function in reproduction.

1. (d) testis → vas deferens → urethra → penis

2. (a) delayed puberty

Illustrate the female reproductive system, in order to understand its function in reproduction.

1. (c) production of eggs

2. (d) implantation of embryo

Describe the changes taking place in female body after/ without fertilization, in order to

understand human reproduction.

1. (c) E→C→B→D→A

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 2. (a) disintegration of uterine wall

List down the ways to avoid fertilization, in order to avoid pregnancy and maintain

reproductive health.

1. (b) wearing condoms on the penis

2. (c) entry of eggs into the uterus

CHAPTER 9 Heredity and Evolution

State and explain Mendel’s traits of inheritance, in order to understand how traits are inherited

from one generation to next.

1. (a) A trait in an offspring is due to the combination of an allele each from both the parent.

2. (c) Law of segregation and Law of dominance

Explain the combination of sex chromosomes, in order to understand how sex is determined

in humans.

1. (d) combination of X and Y chromosome from either of its parents

2. (d) XmY and XmXf

Classify the given traits as inherited or acquired, in order to understand which traits cause a

change in genes.

1. (d) Acquired traits Inherited traits

 ability to play football, height and scar hair color and earlobe shape

2. (d) Inherited trait because it depends on the traits of preceding generation.

Explain how changes in DNA can lead to stronger/ better species, or formation of new species

altogether, in order to understand natural selection & speciation.

1. (d) changes in the DNA of sperm cells

2. (c) Some of the genes remain conserved during the evolution of species.

Identify if a given pair of organs is analogous or homologous, in order to find relationship

between species.

1. (a) wings of a pigeon and a bat

2. (c) analogous, as they do not have a common origin

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 Observe different fossils and identify the differences and similarities, in order to understand

the timeline of evolution.

1. (c) the complexity of the suture line increases

2. (b) evolution of the animal over time

CHAPTER 10 Light – Reflection and Rarefaction

State the laws of reflection of light, in order to understand how light travels in a medium when

it encounters another object.

1. (a) The angle of incidence and reflection are equal.

2. (b) The angle of incidence, angle of reflection, and normal at the point of reflection lie on a common

plane.

Outline the rule of image formation by spherical mirrors in order to complete the ray diagrams

by drawing reflected rays.

1. (c) between C and F

2. (c)

Represent the path of incident ray and reflected ray in order to decipher the position and

nature of image formed.

1. (b)

2. (a) because the reflected ray never intersects

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 Express u, v, f in the mirror formula in order to apply sign convention in solving word problems

to find the unknown variable.

1. (d) at 30 cm in front of the mirror

2. (c) at a distance of 10 cm behind the mirror

Deduce the nature and size of image by magnification in order to relate height of object with

height of image.

1. (d) 3 times

2. (b) 5 cm

Demonstrate the path of light when it travels through a rectangular glass slab, in order to

formulate laws of refraction of light.

1. (d) change in the density of the medium

2. (c) the incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface always lie on the same plane

Compare speed of light in one medium with another in order to calculate refractive index.

1. (a) difference in density

2. (c) 1.32

Represent the path of incident & reflected light rays from a concave lens, in order decipher the

position and nature of image formed.

1. (b) Q

2. (c) no, as the image formed will be virtual

Illustrate the path of incident & reflected light rays from a convex lens, in order decipher the

position and nature of image formed.

1.
(d) position S

2. (a) yes, because a real image will be formed

Construct the lens formula for a lens relating v, u, f; in order to find an unknown variable given

the other two.

1. (b) 12 cm in front of the lens

2. (d) 60 cm in front of the lens

State the magnification for a lens, in order to relate height of object with height of image.

1. (a) 12 cm

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 2. (a) ½ times

Calculate the power of a lens, in order to determine its power to converge or diverge.

1. (a) -5 dioptre

2. (c) 5 dioptre

CHAPTER 11 Human Eye and the Colourful World

Illustrate the parts and function of human eye, in order to understand how humans see the

objects around them.

1. (c) retina

2. (a) the size of pupil will decrease, and less light will enter the eye

Describe how focal length of eye changes, in order to understand how humans see close and

far objects.

1. (b) the ciliary muscles will contract

2. (b) 1 and 4

Identify the defects of vision in human eye (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and their

causes, in order to devise a correction method for them.

1. (a) myopia

2. (d)

Examine the path of light rays through a prism, in order to determine how light gets deviated

when travelling through a prism.

1. (b)

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 2. (a) A and D

Trace the path of white light rays through a prism, in order to determine that white light is

made of seven colours.

1. (b) X: violet; Y: green; Z: red

2. (c)

Elaborate the process of atmospheric refraction, in order to understand natural phenomena,

like twinkling of stars and advance sunrise and delayed sunset.

1. (a) because the light of stars travels in different medium

2. (b)

Explain the process of scattering of light, in order to understand natural phenomena, like

tyndall effect, blue colour of the sky & red colour of sun at sunrise & sunset.

1. (c) red has high wavelength, so it travels longer distance

2. (c) P and Q

CHAPTER 12 Electricity
Evaluate the charge flowing through a conductor in a given time, in order to calculate current

flowing through it.

1. (c) 20 A

2. (d) 0.7 A

Determine work done in moving a charge across two points, in order to calculate potential dif-

ference between two points.

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 1. (c) 7 V

2. (c) +8 V

Identify the electrical components and their functions, in order to build a functionin circuit.

1. (b) Ammeter will show a current of 0.7 A.

2. (c) voltage across the resistor

Plot a graph between voltage and current, in order to prove ohm’s law & find resistance.

1. (b) They are inversely related to each other.

2. (a)

Define resistivity and its range for different materials, in order to classify substances as

conductors, alloys and insulators.

1. (d) Alloy bar because it has different types of atoms.

2. (b) Insulators

Determine the resultant resistance in a series and a parallel combination, in order to identify

the suitable combination like house, etc.

1. (d) Parallel combination, which results in a net resistance of 0.5 Ω.

2. (b) 1.0 Ω

Explain and calculate the heating effect of electric current, in order to learn working of

appliances like heater and iron.

1. (b) thrice the original amount

2. (d) 2.4 × 106 J

Calculate power, in order to represent electric consumption in domestic circuits.

1. (a) one which draws low power

2. (a) ` 20

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 CHAPTER 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Draw magnetic field lines for a bar magnet, in order to identify the magnetic field strength at

different points around a magnet.

1. (c)

2. (c) R

Represent magnetic field lines for a straight current carrying conductor, in order to identify the

magnetic field strength at different points around it.

1. (b)

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 2. (a)

Draw magnetic field lines for at current carrying circular loop, in order to identify the magnetic

field strength at different points around it.

1. (b)

2. (b)

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 Outline magnetic field lines for at current carrying solenoid, in order to identify the magnetic

field strength at different points around it.

1. (c)

2. (c)

State Fleming’s left-hand rule, in order to understand the working of an electric motor.

1. (d) When a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a force by magnetic field.

2. (d) out of the field

Discuss electromagnetic induction, in order to understand how a moving magnet can be used

to generate electric currents.

1. (b) the current will change its direction continuously

2. (d) trial 4

Explain Fleming’s right-hand rule, in order to understand the working of an electric generator.

1. (b) PQ RS
P to Q R to S

2. (a) only X

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 Analyse the significance of neutral, earth and live wire, in order to understand formation of a

domestic electrical circuit.

1. (b) to prevent the leakage of current

2. (d)

CHAPTER 14 Sources of Energy

Classify difference sources of energy on the basis of accessibility, cost, transportation and

storage, in order to identify a ‘good’ source of energy.

1. (d) produces large amount of energy

2. (b) electricity

Understand the process of extracting energy from fossil fuels, in order to develop its efficiency.

1. (a) burning

2. (d) pollution and consumption will decrease

Compare the process of energy consumption through thermal and hydro power plants, in order

to classify them as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ sources of energy.

1. (b) as burning of fossil fuel releases harmful gases

2. (c) good, as it does not pollute the atmosphere

Explain the formation of bio-mass, in order to classify it as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ sources of energy.

1. (c) as it burns without releasing smoke

2. (d) good, as it does not cause any harm to the environment

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 Outline the process of extracting energy from wind, in order to assess it as a conventional

source of energy.

1. (b) conversion of kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy

2. (c) as it is readily available and used for a long time

Describe the process of extracting energy from sun’s rays, in order to assess it as a

non-conventional source of energy.

1. (b) conversion of solar energy into electric energy

2. (a) as use of this energy have been possible due to advancement of technology

Infer the process of extracting energy from the sea (tidal, wave, ocean thermal), in order to

assess it as a non-conventional source of energy.

1. (a) using kinetic energy of the waves to produce electricity

2. (d) non-conventional, as extraction of this energy is possible with advance in technology

Elaborate the process of extracting geothermal and nuclear energy, in order to assess it as a

non-conventional source of energy.

1. (b) use of thermal energy to produce electricity

2. (d) as energy can be extracted only through a nuclear reactor

CHAPTER 15 Our Environment

Classify biotic and abiotic components and their interaction with each other, in order to

describe an ecosystem.

1. (c) Biotic component Abiotic component

Grass, bacteria, fungi, Water, rain, sunlight, air
butterfly

2. (c) An earthworm making a burrow in the soil.

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 Tabulate the organisms feeding on one another (producers, consumers, decomposers) and

energy transfer between them, in order to form a food chain or a food web.

1. (a)

2. (d) Salamander feeds on pine borer to obtain energy.

Describe the formation & properties of ozone, in order to identify ways to protect it from

depletion.

1. (d) This will reduce the release of CFCs that reacts with ozone molecules

2. (b) by splitting of a molecular oxygen into free oxygen atoms in presence of high energy UV radiations

Classify different waste products as biodegradable or non-biodegradable, in order to assess

their effect on environment.

1. (b) polyethene bags, plastic toys

2. (b) Biodegradable Non-biodegradable

Vegetable peels, empty Plastic box,
carton bubble wrap

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 CHAPTER 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Identify the 5 R’s (refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose, recycle), in order to employ one of these

methods to make environment-friendly choices.

1. (a) refuse the use of single-use plastic bags

2. (a) it reduces the wastage of energy

Explain sustainable development, in order to conserve natural resources for future

generations.

1. (a) to preserve the natural resources for the needs of the future generation

2. (d) planning for safe disposal of wastes after mining

Identify different stakeholders involved in a forest, in order to prepare a conservation plan for

forests.

1. (b) industries who make papers using wood products

2. (b) putting a ban on deforestation

Explain the construction and use of dams and water harvesting, in order to devise an efficient

plan to conserve water.

1. (b) to provide irrigation and generate electricity

2. (a) it will reduce the occurrence of droughts

List down the disadvantages of using coal and petroleum as energy sources, in order to develop

a better plan of generating energy.

1.
(a) it releases harmful gases into the atmosphere when they burn

2. (c) replace thermal power with solar power to generate electricity

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