Scribd
Upload
34 views

End Block

The document discusses the anchorage zone in post-tensioned prestressed concrete members, highlighting the complex stress distribution and the need for adequate reinforcement to resist tensile stresses. It details various investigations on stress distribution, methods for calculating maximum tensile stress, and the importance of proper reinforcement design to prevent cracking and failure. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of considering transverse tensile stresses and provides guidelines for reinforcement arrangements in end blocks.

Uploaded by

spam07451
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

End Block

The document discusses the anchorage zone in post-tensioned prestressed concrete members, highlighting the complex stress distribution and the need for adequate reinforcement to resist tensile stresses. It details various investigations on stress distribution, methods for calculating maximum tensile stress, and the importance of proper reinforcement design to prevent cracking and failure. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of considering transverse tensile stresses and provides guidelines for reinforcement arrangements in end blocks.

Uploaded by

spam07451
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

End Block

• Zone between end of beam and the section where only longitudinal
stresses exist is generally referred to as anchorage zone or end block
• In anchorage zone, stress distribution is complex and it is 3 dimensional
• In most post-tensioned members, prestressing wires are introduced in
cable holes or ducts which are preformed in the members stressed and
anchored at the ends
• As a result of this, large forces are concentrated over small areas and
applied at end blocks
• Highly discontinuous forces applied at the ends develop transverse and
shear stresses while changing progressively to continuous linear
distribution
• Transverse stresses developed in this zone are tensile in nature over a
large length. Since concrete is weak in tension, its necessary to provide
adequate reinforcement to resist this tension
Stress distribution in end block
• The forces on the end block of a post-tensioned prestressed concrete member
are shown in Fig. 10.1(a).
• A physical concept of the state of stress in the transverse direction, that is,
normal to planes parallel with the top and bottom surfaces of the beam, may be
obtained by considering these lines of force as individual fibres acting as curved
stuts inserted between end force 2 P and the main body of the beam
• Curvature of struts being convex towards centre line of block and induces
compressive stresses in zone A
• In zone B, curvature is reversed in direction, and the struts tend to deflect
outwards, separating from each other and hence develop transverse tensile
stresses
• In zone C, struts are straight and parallel. Hence no transverse stresses are
induced and only longitudinal stresses develop in this zone
• In second figure, same end block is subjected to
same total load applied through two zones
symmetrically disposed in the upper and lower
halves of the beam

• Since lines of force follow same pattern with half


radius of curvature, the length of anchorage zone
is halved

• Developed transverse tension is also


proportionately reduced

• Hence, greater the number of points of


application of prestressing force on the end block,
more uniform is the stress distribution
• Idealised stress distribution in an end block with
compressive and tensile stress paths is shown in
figure

• Transverse tensile stresses causes the


development of zone of bursting tension in a
direction perpendicular to the anchorage force
resulting in horizontal cracking as shown in
Figure

• Since concrete is weak in tension, suitable


reinforcements should be provided in the
transverse direction to resist the bursting tension
• Distribution of transverse stresses
in the anchorage zone subjected
to symmetrically placed
prestressing force which is
distributed over a small area for
increasing ratio of ypo/yo from 0 to
0.5
• Lines of equal transverse tensile
stresses are termed as isobars
• Influence of height of anchor
plate on the distribution of
compressive and tensile stresses
in the transverse direction
• Ratio of transverse tensile stress
to average compressive stress
gradually decreases with increase
in ypo/yo
Investigations on Anchorage zone stresses
• Number of investigations are carried out to study the stress distribution in
the anchorage zone using empirical equations or theoretical solutions based
on theory of elasticity and experimental techniques

• Important investigations are done by Magnel, Guyon, Iyengar, Zielinski and


Rowe

• Main aim of stress analysis in the anchorage zone is to obtain transverse


tensile stress distribution in end block, from which total bursting tension can
be calculated
Zielinski and Rowe’s method
• Carried out investigations based on surface strain measurements
• Concrete prisms stimulated the end blocks and investigated the ratio of load to cross-section, cable
duct or hose, type of anchorages, cracking and ultimate load
• Distribution of transverse stress and ultimate load
of end block is not significantly affected by
anchorage being embedded or external, material of
anchorage and method of anchoring wires
• Zielinski and Rowe developed empirical relations to
compute the maximum transverse tensile stresses
and the bursting tension
• In figure, when an end block is subjected to a
concentrated load at the end face, then the
distribution of transverse stress is found to be
maximum at a distance equal to 0.5yo
End block of prestressed concrete beam, rectangular in section is 100 mm wide and 200 mm deep.
The prestressing force of 100 kN is transmitted to concrete by a distribution plate of 100 mm wide
and 50 mm deep concentrically loaded at the ends. Calculate the position and magnitude of the
maximum tensile stress on the horizontal section through the centre and edge of anchor plate.
Permissible tensile strength of concrete is 2 N/mm2. Compute bursting tension on these horizontal
planes. Use Rowe’s method
IS 1343 Provisions
• Based on the model of Zielinski and Rowe
• Bursting tensile force Fbst

Pk is tendon jacking force


ypo/yo is distribution ratio
• Reinforcement is designed to sustain this bursting tension and is assumed to act at its
design strength of 0.87fy
• Stress is limited to a strain value of 0.1 % when concrete cover is less than 50 mm
• Designed reinforcement is distributed in the zone of 0.2 yo to 2yo from the loaded face of
end block
• If groups of anchorages are encountered, end block is divided in to series of symmetrically
loaded prism and each prism is analysed for bursting tensile forces using above expression
Comparative Analysis
In view of widely varying results and heterogeneous nature of concrete,
it is advisable to adopt the worst distribution of transverse tensile stress
for computing bursting tension and designing the end block
reinforcement
Anchorage zone reinforcement
• Main reinforcement in anchorage zone
should be designed to withstand the bursting
tension, which is determined by transverse
stress distribution on the critical axis, usually
coinciding with the line of action of the
largest individual force
• For plate and embedded (Freyssinet) type of
anchorages, reinforcement arrangement in
end blocks is shown in figure
• Mats, helics, loops or links are generally
provided in perpendicular directions
• Tests conducted by Zielinski and Rowe shown
that helical reinforcement is more efficient
than mat reinforcement
• Due to short available bond lengths, loops,
hooks or right-angle bends are necessary
• In case of spalling or secondary tension develops at the corners, suitable steel in the form of hair-
pin bars should be provided to prevent failure of corner zones
• Suitable pockets are generally provided behind the anchorages so that secondary reinforcements
can be bent as shown in figure, and the pocket can be filled with mortar after prestressing
operations
• While designing form work, there should be enough space available for fixing and handling of
hydraulic jack especially at the soffits of beam when using cap cables
• In case of end blocks, where bearing plates are positioned close to the edges of block as shown in
figure
• The steel cage should be arranged so that the bearing plates don’t overlap with it
• This precaution is necessary to prevent spalling of concrete at the corners during stressing due to
different elastic modulus of the plane containing reinforcement
• According to Morice, it is advisable to provide a little extra reinforcement in doubtful situations,
since the cost of end anchorage steel is a very small proportion of that of the entire structural
member

You might also like