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Science Chapter 1

The document provides answers to various agricultural questions, emphasizing techniques like drip irrigation for efficient water use and the importance of proper seed sowing and weed removal. It discusses pest control methods, the benefits of crop rotation, and the advantages of ploughing for soil health. Additionally, it highlights the significance of organic farming and the role of earthworms in enhancing soil fertility.

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33 views5 pages

Science Chapter 1

The document provides answers to various agricultural questions, emphasizing techniques like drip irrigation for efficient water use and the importance of proper seed sowing and weed removal. It discusses pest control methods, the benefits of crop rotation, and the advantages of ploughing for soil health. Additionally, it highlights the significance of organic farming and the role of earthworms in enhancing soil fertility.

Uploaded by

asurax72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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class 8 chapter 1 answers

D. Give reasons for each of the following:


1. Drip irrigation system is the best technique to water fruit plants and vegetables.
Reason: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the roots, minimizing water wastage and
promoting better growth.
2. Seeds should be sown at appropriate distances and at proper depths.
Reason: Proper spacing ensures adequate sunlight, nutrients, and air for healthy growth.
3. Weeds should be removed from plants.
Reason: Weeds compete with crops for resources, reducing yield and growth. 4. Granaries
should be fumigated before storing grains.
Reason: Fumigation prevents pests and microorganisms from spoiling grains.
5. Grains should be dried before storage.
Reason: Drying prevents fungal growth and spoilage due to moisture.

E. Answer the following questions in one word or a sentence.


1. Define winnowing.
Winnowing is the process of separating grain from chaff using wind or air.
2. Why is levelling done?
Levelling is done to prevent water logging and ensure even distribution of water.
3. What is green manure?
Green manure is a type of organic fertilizer made from freshly grown plants.
4. How is the cultivator useful for a farmer?
A cultivator is used to loosen the soil and remove weeds.
5. What is the advantage of transplantation?
Transplantation ensures better spacing and healthier plant growth.

F. Answer the following questions in brief.


1. What is broadcasting?
Broadcasting is the method of scattering seeds evenly over the field.
2. How does field fallow improve soil fertility?
Leaving a field fallow allows it to regain nutrients naturally.
3. What would happen if pesticides are used indiscriminately by farmers?
It may harm beneficial organisms, pollute the environment, and affect human health.
4. Name the tools used in the preparation of soil.
Plough, hoe, and cultivator.
5. What are weeds? Give two examples.
Weeds are unwanted plants. Examples: Amaranthus, Chenopodium.

G. Answer the following questions in detail.


1. Differentiate between:
1. Manure vs Fertilizer

Manure Fertilizer

Natural, made from decomposed Artificial or natural, often chemically

plant and animal waste manufactured in factories

Less rich in plant nutrients, releases Rich in specific nutrients, provides quick

nutrients slowly nutrient boost

Improves soil structure and Does not improve soil structure or provide

provides humus, eco-friendly humus, may harm soil organisms

2. Pesticides vs Weedicides

Pesticides Weedicides

Pests (insects, larvae, eggs) Weeds (unwanted plants)

Eliminate weeds to reduce competition for


Protect crops from pest damage
resources
Example:- DDT, boric acid Example:- 2,4-D (herbicide)

3. Winnowing vs Threshing

Winnowing Threshing

Separates grains from husk using wind or Loosens/removes grains from stalks by

air pounding

Uses difference in weight between grain Involves mechanical force to detach

and chaff grains

Done after threshing Done before winnowing

2. Explain the various ways to control pests in a farm.

Farmers use several methods to control pests and protect their crops. Here are the main ways:

●​ Removing Affected Plant Parts: Cutting and destroying parts of the plant that are
infested to prevent the spread of pests.​

●​ Using Natural Predators: Introducing helpful insects like ladybirds and dragonflies that
eat pests such as aphids and mosquitoes​

●​ Bio-insecticides: Using bacteria (like Bacillus thuringiensis) or other microorganisms


that kill specific pests without harming crops or the environment
●​ Spraying Pesticides: Applying chemicals called pesticides to kill pests. This method is
common but should be used carefully to avoid harming useful insects and the
environment​

●​ Crop Rotation: Changing the type of crop grown in a field each season to break the life
cycle of pests and reduce their numbers

3. Write the advantages of ploughing.


It loosens the soil, improves air circulation, and allows roots to grow deeply.
4. Explain how crop rotation improves soil fertility.

Ans:- Crop rotation is the practice of growing different types of crops in a planned sequence on
the same field over several seasons. This method offers several important benefits for soil
fertility:

●​ Different crops have different nutrient requirements and contribute various residues to
the soil. For example, legumes (like beans and peas) can fix atmospheric nitrogen
through their root nodules, enriching the soil with this essential nutrient for subsequent
crops such as cereals, which are heavy nitrogen users​

●​ By alternating crops with varying nutrient needs, crop rotation prevents the depletion of
specific nutrients and helps maintain a balanced nutrient profile in the soil​

●​ Many pests and diseases are crop-specific. Planting the same crop repeatedly can lead
to the accumulation of these problems in the soil. Rotating crops interrupts the life cycles
of pests and pathogens, reducing their populations and the need for chemical pesticides​

●​ Rotating crops, especially including those with good ground cover, helps protect the soil
from erosion by wind and water. This maintains topsoil quality and keeps nutrients
available for plants
●​ By naturally maintaining soil fertility and reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides, crop rotation supports sustainable and environmentally friendly farming
practices​

5. Explain two methods by which farmers can avoid wastage of water in their fields.

Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation or micro-irrigation, is a water-saving technique where
water is delivered slowly and directly to the root zone of plants through a network of pipes,
tubes, and small emitters placed along the plants. It is highly efficient, saving up to 70-90%
water compared to traditional irrigation methods, and can also reduce fertilizer and energy use.
Drip irrigation is suitable for various crops, soil types, and farm sizes, and it helps improve crop
yield and quality by avoiding water stress and reducing disease caused by excess moisture on
leaves

Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is a method where water is sprayed into the air through a system of pipes
and nozzles, simulating natural rainfall.This system is useful for irrigating uneven or sloping land
where surface irrigation is difficult. Sprinkler irrigation can cover large areas and is suitable for
many types of crops. However, it may lead to some water loss due to evaporation and wind drift,
especially in hot or windy conditions. It requires higher pressure pumps and energy compared to
drip irrigation.

H. Out of the box!


1. Why do people prefer organically grown fruits and vegetables?
They are free from harmful chemicals and are healthier.
2. Arjun's mother told him to wash apple and grapes thoroughly with water before eating them
as they were brought from a wholesale market. Why?
To remove pesticide residues and dust particles.
3. Why can't paddy be grown in the winter season?
Paddy requires a lot of water and warm temperatures which are not available in winter.
4. Why are earthworms called farmer's friend?
They improve soil fertility by loosening it and decomposing organic matter.

*****

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