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If Else Statement

The document explains various conditional statements in C programming, including if statements, nested if-else statements, if-else statements, and else-if ladders. Each section outlines the syntax, key points, and provides examples to illustrate how these statements control the flow of code based on specific conditions. These constructs are essential for implementing decision-making scenarios in programming.

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6 views9 pages

If Else Statement

The document explains various conditional statements in C programming, including if statements, nested if-else statements, if-else statements, and else-if ladders. Each section outlines the syntax, key points, and provides examples to illustrate how these statements control the flow of code based on specific conditions. These constructs are essential for implementing decision-making scenarios in programming.

Uploaded by

voniho8442
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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If-else statement

1) What is if-statement?
> The if statement allows you to conditionally execute a block
of code based on a specified condition. The syntax typically
follows:

if (condition) {
​ // Code to execute if the condition is true
}

Key points about the if statement :-

1)​ Condition:- If the condition is true, the block of code


enclosed within curly braces {} is executed; otherwise, it
is skipped.
2)​Indentation:- maintaining a consistent indentation style
improves code readability.
3)​Single Execution:- The code block following the if
statement is executed only if the specified condition
evaluates to true.
If the condition is false, the code block is skipped, and
the program proceeds to the next statement.
For Example:-
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
​ int x = 10;

​ if (x > 5) {

​ printf("x is greater than 5\n");


​ }

​ return 0;
}

In this C example, the code inside the if block is executed


because the condition x > 5 is true.

In C programming, the if statement is essential for


implementing decision-making scenarios, allowing developers
to control the flow of their code based on specific conditions.

2) Nested-if-else statement?
> Nested if-else statements in programming involve
placing one or more conditional statements inside one
another. This allows for more complex scenarios to be
handled based on multiple conditions.
Example:-
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
​ int x = 10;
​ int y = 5;

​ if (x > 5) {
​
​ printf("Outer condition is true\n");

​if (y > 3) {
​
​printf("Inner condition is also true\n");
​ } else {
​
​printf("Inner condition is false\n");
​ }
​ } else {
​ printf("Outer condition is false\n");
​ }

​ return 0;
}

Key points about nested if statements in C:


1)​Hierarchy:-The nested structure creates a hierarchy of
conditions, where the inner if-else statements are
evaluated only if the outer condition is true.
2)​Indentation:- Proper indentation is crucial to indicate the
level of nesting and to maintain code readability.

3)​ Execution:-

Code inside the inner if block is executed if the corresponding


condition is true.

If the inner condition is false, the code inside the


corresponding else block is executed.

If the outer condition is false, the program skips the entire


inner if-else structure and moves to the next applicable
statement.

Nested if statements are useful in C for dealing with complex


decision-making scenarios, especially when multiple
conditions must be considered.

3) If-else statement?
> The if-else statement allows you to conditionally
execute a block of code based on a specified condition. The
basic syntax of the if-else statement in C is as follows:
if (condition) {

// Code to execute if the condition is true

} else {

// Code to execute if the condition is false

Here are some features of if-else :-

1)​Condition:- The condition is a Boolean expression that


evaluates to either true or false.

If the condition is true, the code inside the first block is


executed; otherwise, the code inside the second block
(after else) is executed.

2)​Indentation:- In C, maintaining a consistent indentation


style improves code readability.

3)​Single Execution:- Only one of the code blocks (either if


or else) is executed based on the evaluation of the
condition.

Example:-

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {

​ int x = 10;

​ // If-else statement in C

​ if (x > 5) {

​ printf("x is greater than 5\n");

​ } else {

​ printf("x is not greater than 5\n");

​ }

​ return 0;

In this example, if the condition x > 5 is true, the


program will execute the code block inside the if
statement, printing "x is greater than 5". If the condition is
false, the code block inside the else statement is
executed, printing "x is not greater than 5".
In C programming, the if-else statement is essential for
implementing decision-making scenarios, allowing developers
to control the flow of their code based on specific conditions.

4) Else-if Ladder?
> The else-if ladder in programming is a structure that
allows the evaluation of multiple conditions in sequence,
providing a series of choices for the program to follow. It
is an extension of the if-else statement, enabling
more than two possible outcomes. Here are the key
points and an example:-

1)​Syntax:-
if (condition1) {

​ // Code to execute if condition1 is true

} else if (condition2) {

​ // Code to execute if condition 2 is true

} else if (condition3) {

​ // Code to execute if condition 3 is true

} // ... additional else-if blocks as needed

else {

​ // Code to execute if none of the conditions are true


}

2)​Sequential Evaluation:- Conditions are evaluated in


sequence from top to bottom.

If one condition is true, the corresponding block of code is


executed, and the rest of the ladder is skipped.

3)​Exclusive Execution:- Only the code block associated with


the first true condition encountered is executed.

Once a true condition is found, subsequent conditions are


not evaluated.

4)​Final ‘else’ Block:- The final else block is optional and is


executed only if none of the preceding conditions are true.

Example:-

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

​ int x = 10;

​ // If-else if-else ladder in C

​ if (x > 15) {

​ printf("x is greater than 15\n");

​ } else if (x > 10) {

​ printf("x is greater than 10 but not 15\n");

​ } else if (x > 5) {
​ printf("x is greater than 5 but not 10\n");

​ } else {

​ printf("x is 5 or less\n");

​ }

​ return 0;

In C programming, the if-else ladder statement is essential for


implementing decision-making scenarios, allowing developers
to control the flow of their code based on specific conditions.

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