STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

Write the answers in your own words.

Q.1. What is motion? What are the types of motion?
Ans. An object is said to be in motion it its position changes with time. Type of
motion are:

Type of Motion

Linear or Circular or Vibratory or

Translational Rotational Oscillatory

Rectilinear Curvilinear

Linear or Translational motion. A body has linear motion if it moves along

a straight line or a curved path. The motion of a body along a straight line
is called rectilinear motion. The motion of a body along a curved path is
called curvilinear motion.
Examples of linear motion
(i) Motion of a moving car on a straight road.
(ii) Motion of a ball dropped from the roof of a building.
Circular (or rotational) motion. A body has circular motion if it moves
around a fixed point. A vertical line passing through the fixed point around
which the body moves is known as axis of rotation.
Examples of circular motion
(i) Motion of an electric fan.
(ii) Motion of merry-go-round.
(iii) Motion of a spinning top.
Vibratory motion. A body has vibratory motion if it moves to and fro
about a fixed point (called mean position or equilibrium position).
Examples of vibratory motion
(i) Motion of a pendulum of a wall clock.
(ii) Motion of a child swinging in a swing.
(iii) Motion of a simple pendulum
Q.2. What are uniform and non-uniform motion?
Ans. Uniform Motion
The motion of an object is uniform if
(i) it moves along a straight line and
(ii) It covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, howsoever,
small these intervals may be.

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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

For example:
Time (in
0 1 2 3 4 5
second)
Distanc
e
covered 0 10 20 30 40 50
(in
meter)
In this table
Distance covered in 1st second= (10-0)=10m
Distance covered in 2nd second= (20-10)=10m
Distance covered in 3rd t second= (30-20)=10m
And so on. As we see the object covered equal distance i.e. 10m in every
second. So its motion is uniform motion.
Non-uniform motion
The motion of an object is said to be non-uniform if it covers unequal
distances in equal intervals of time or covers equal distances in unequal
intervals of time howsoever, small these intervals may be.
Examples of non-uniform motion
1. A bus moving on a crowded road.
2. A bus approaching a bus stop or leaving the bus stop.
Q.3. What is relative motion?
Ans. Relative motion is the measurement of an object’s motion with respect to
any other object that is moving or stationary. For example- a person seated
in a helicopter is at zero velocity relative to the helicopter, but is travelling
with respect to the ground at the same velocity as the aeroplane.
Q.4. What are physical quantities?
Ans. Physical quantities are properties of a material or system that can be
measured and expressed numerically. They are characteristics that can be
quantified, like length, mass, time, or temperature. These quantities are
often represented by a number and a unit of measurement.
Q.5. What are scalar and vector quantities? Give some examples.
Ans. Scalar quantities are those that have only magnitude (size or amount),
while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction.
Examples of scalar quantities include mass, temperature, and time.
Examples of vector quantities include velocity, force, and displacement.
Q.6. What is difference between distance and displacement?
Ans. Distance Displacement
Distance is the length of the Displacement is the shortest
actual path travelled by an object distance between the initial and
in a given interval of time. final positions of a moving object
in a particular direction.

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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

Distance travelled by an object The displacement of an object

depends upon the shape of the between initial and final positions
path followed by the object in of the object does not depend
going from initial position to the upon shape of the path followed
final position. by it.
Distance travelled by an object in Displacement of an object in a
a given interval of time is always given interval of time may be
positive. positive, negative or zero.
Distance is a scalar quantity. Displacement is a vector quantity.
Q.7. What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Ans. Speed Velocity
Distance travelled by an object The distance travelled by an
per unit time is known as its object in a particular direction
speed. (i.e. displacement) per unit time
is known as its velocity.
Average speed of a moving object Velocity tells how fast an object
cannot be zero. Speed tells how moves and in which direction it
fast an object moves. moves.
Speed is a scalar quantity. Velocity is a vector quantity.
Speed of an object is always Velocity of an object can be
positive. positive or negative. Average
velocity of a moving object can
be zero.
Q.8. What is acceleration and retardation? What is its unit? Give examples of
each.
Ans. Acceleration of a body or an object is defined as the change in velocity
per unit time.
It is denoted by a. Acceleration is a vector quantity.
Expression for acceleration
Let the velocity of an object at time (t = 0) = u (known as initial velocity)
and the velocity of an object at time (t=t) = v (known as final velocity)
Then, change in velocity of the object = v-u
Time taken for this change in velocity = t - 0 = t
Now, acceleration of the object = Change in velocity of the object/ Time
taken
Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity ) /Time taken
a= (v-u)/t
SI unit of acceleration m/s or ms-2
2

Positive Acceleration or simply Acceleration

If the velocity of an object increases with time in the direction of the
motion of the object, then the acceleration of the body is known as
positive acceleration.

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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

For example, if an object starts from rest and its velocity goes on
increasing with time in the direction of its motion, then the object has
positive acceleration.

Negative Acceleration (or Retardation or Deceleration)

If the velocity of an object decreases with time, then the acceleration of
the object is known as negative acceleration. It is written as -a and read
as negative acceleration.
For example, if an object moving with certain velocity is brought to rest,
then, the object is said to have negative acceleration.
The direction of negative acceleration is in a direction opposite to the
direction motion or velocity of the object.
Q.9. What is uniform circular motion? Give some examples of it.
Ans. Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object
travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a
propeller spinning at a constant rate is executing uniform circular motion.
Other examples are the second, minute, and hour hands of a watch.
Q.10. Under what condition is the magnitude of average velocity of an object
equal to its average speed?
Ans. when an object moves in a straight line without changing direction the
magnitude of average velocity of an object equal to its average speed
Q.11. What does the odometer of an auto mobile measure?
Ans. An odometer is an instrument commonly found in automobiles that
measures and displays the distance traveled by the vehicle. It provides a
numerical reading, typically in miles or kilometers, indicating the total
distance covered by the vehicle since its inception or since the last reset.
Q.12. What does the path of an object look like when it is in the uniform
motion?
Ans. In the uniform motion, the path of an object is
straight line

Q.13. When will you say that the body in uniform acceleration or non-uniform
acceleration?
Ans. Uniform acceleration: If the velocity of an object changes by an equal
amount in equal intervals of time, then the acceleration of the object is
known as uniform acceleration.
The motion of an object having uniform acceleration is known as
uniformly accelerated motion. Examples of uniformly accelerated motion
(i) The motion of an object falling freely from the top of a building.

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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

(ii) The motion of a ball rolling down a smooth inclined plane.

Non- Uniform acceleration
If the velocity of an object changes by an unequal amount in equal
intervals of time, then the acceleration of the object is known as non-
uniform or variable acceleration.
The motion of an object having variable acceleration is known as non-
uniformly accelerated motion.
Examples of non-uniformly accelerated motion
(i) The motion of a bus leaving or entering the bus stop.
(ii) The motion of a train leaving or entering the platform.
(iii) The motion of a bus on a crowded road.
Q.14. A bus decreases its speed from 80 km/h to 60km/h in 5 s. Find the
retardation of the bus.
Ans. Initial velocity = u=60km/h = 60 * 1000/60*60 m/s = 100/6 m/s
Final velocity = v = 0 km/h
Time = t = 5s
Acceleration = (v-u)/t = (0-100/6)/5 = - 100/30 = -10/3 m/s2
Therefore retardation = 10/3 m/s2
Q.15. A body is moving with a velocity of 12 m/s and it comes to rest in 18
min, what was the acceleration?
Ans. Initial velocity = u=12m/s
Final velocity = v = 0 m/s
Time = t = 18min= 18*60=108Sec
Acceleration = (v-u)/t = (0-12)/108 = - 12/108 = -1/9 m/s2 = -0.0111m/s2
Therefore retardation = 0.0111m/s2
Q.16. Draw Velocity-Time graph for uniformly accelerated motion.
Ans.

Q.17. Derive equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion by V-T

graph.
Ans.

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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

0.
at speed of the
Direction of motion.
Direction of acceleration
Figure 16.
(<7)
G
eleration
tion
ion.
For time
ection
hown
)
the
Acceleration without changing speed
When an object moves in a circular path with constant speed, then its velocity
changes due to the continuous change in the direction of motion of the object.
Hence, the object is accelerated without changing its speed.
In this case, the direction of acceleration is towards the centre of the circular path as
shown in figure 17. Acceleration which is directed towards the centre of the circular
path is known as centripetal acceleration. Centripetal means centre seeking.
UNIFORM ACCELERATION
If the velocity of an object changes by an equal amount in equal intervals of time,
then the acceleration of the object is known as uniform acceleration.
The motion of an object having uniform acceleration is known as uniformly
accelerated motion.
Examples of uniformly accelerated motion
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STD 9 – Physics Assignment (Motion)

(i) The motion of an object falling freely from the top of a building.
(ii) The motion of a ball rolling down a smooth inclined plane.
NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION
If the velocity of an object changes by an unequal amount in equal intervals of time,
then the acceleration of the object is known as non-uniform or variable
acceleration.
The motion of an object having variable acceleration is known as non-uniformly
accelerated motion.
Examples of non-uniformly accelerated motion
(i) The motion of a bus leaving or entering the bus stop.
Figure 17.
An object will slow do if acceleration velocity are in oppo direction. However, object
will speed up if both the velocity acceleration of the o are negative.
the

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