RELATIVE CLAUSES

A. Non-defining and defining relative clauses:

• Defining relative clauses:
Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
(có thể thay thế who, whom, which bằng that)
• Non-defining relative clauses:
Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike.
(khong được dùng that đdể thay thế who, whom, which)

B. Relative pronouns with prepositions:

Ex: The song is interesting. We like to listen to it.
The song which we like to listen to is interesting.
The song to which we like to listen is interesting.
Form:
Prep + whom / which (giới từ không đứng trước THAT và WHO)
(O)

C. Omission of relative pronouns:

Ex: The man whom (that) you met yesterday is my uncle.
The man you met yesterday is my uncle.
The bicycle which (that) I have just bought is blue.
The bicycle I have just bought is blue.
Form:
whom / which + S + V (Khi whom / which làm túc từ thì có thể lược bỏ)
(O)

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D. Reduced forms of relative clauses:

REDUCED EXAMPLES
KINDS
FORMS
The man who spoke to John is my brother.
1.Chủ động V-ing
The man speaking to John is my brother.
The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
2.Bị động V3, ed
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
3.Số thứ tự To V
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
(mệnh đề quan hệ mà danh từ đi trước có the next, the last, the only, superlatives thì rút
gọn như ở trường hợp 3.)

NOTES:
• Dùng dấu phẩy trong trường hợp danh từ đi trước có: this, that, these, those (this
girl); my, his … (his car); tên riêng (Mary), vật duy nhất (the telephone, the earth
…)
• Không được dùng that, không lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ:
o Sau giới từ
o Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy.
• Dùng that khi danh từ đi trước là:
o Người + vật (the man and his dog)
o So sánh nhất (the best, the tallest, the most beautiful …)
o Everything, something, anything, nothing, all, none, very, only, little,
few, much (the very / only person)

EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1.The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen.
________________________________________________________________________
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
________________________________________________________________________

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4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.
________________________________________________________________________
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.
________________________________________________________________________
7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher.
________________________________________________________________________
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
________________________________________________________________________
9.The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.
________________________________________________________________________
10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.
________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2 Reducing the relative clauses in the sentences below, using V-ing , PP
or to infinitive
1.Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
________________________________________________________________________
2. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
________________________________________________________________________
3.The rules that allow public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
________________________________________________________________________
5.The photographs which were published in the newspapers were extraordinary.
________________________________________________________________________
6. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
________________________________________________________________________

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7. We had a river in which we could swim.
________________________________________________________________________
8. You are the last person who saw her alive.
________________________________________________________________________
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
________________________________________________________________________
10.He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3: Multiple choice

1. Sunday is the day________I go to water park with my kids.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
2. That was the reason________he didn't marry her.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
3. An architect is someone________designs buildings.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
4. The boy to________I lent my money is poor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
5. The land and the people________I have met are nice.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
6. I can answer the question ________you say is very difficult.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
7. This is the place________the battle took place ten years ago.
A. which B. in where C. where D. from where
8. Sunday is the day________which we usually go fishing.
A. during B. at C. in D. on
9. This is the last time________I speak to you.
A. of which B. whose C. that D. which
10. He talked about the books and the authors________ interested him.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
11. Bondi is the beautiful beach________ I used to sunbathe.
A. when B. where C. which D. X

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12. Dec 26th, 2005 was the day________ the terrible tsunami happened.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
13. The woman________lives next my door is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
14. The boy________Mary likes is my son.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
15. The boy________eyes are brown is my son.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
16. The table________legs are broken should be repaired.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
17. The town________we are living is noisy and crowded
A. where B. in where C. which D. at which
18. The year________we came to live here was 1997
A. when B. which C. that D. in the time
19. The worker________house is next to mine died this morning.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. whose
20. The lady________son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
21. Take________measures you consider best.
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. wherever
22. ________difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
A. how B. whatever C. however D. how great
23. He is the only friend________I like.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
24. I didn't get the job________which I applied.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
25. The man________whom she is married has been married twice before.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
26. I wasn't interested in the things________which they were talking.
A. in B. on C. at D. about
27. The bed________which I slept was too soft.
A. in B. on C. at D. for

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28. The party________which we went wasn't very enjoyable.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
29. The flight ________which we wanted to travel was fully booked.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
30. She is the most beautiful girl ________ever lived.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
31. The decision was postponed,_______ was exactly what he wanted.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
32. All the people ________have gone into the room are still young.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
33. Jack has three brothers, all of ________are married.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
34. They gave us a lot of information, most of ________was useless.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
35. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ________I had met before.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
36. I have sent him two letters, neither of ________has arrived.
A. who B. them C. which D. that
37. John won $,600, half of ________he gave to his parents.
A. whom B. which C. that D. it
38. Ten people applied for the job, none of ________were suitable.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
39. Jill isn't on the phone,______ makes it difficult to contact her.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
40. Bob is the kind of person to ________one can talk about anything.
A. who B. whom C. that D. him
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