NUMBER SYSTEM

Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers

If a, b are positive real numbers and m, n are rational

numbers. Then,
NUMBERS (i) a m x a n = a m+n (ii) a m ÷ a n = a m-n
1
(iii) (a m) n = a mn (iv) a -n = a n

(vi) a an
n
(v) (ab) n = a nb n =
b bn

Real Number (R) Complex Number (vii) a m/n = (a m) 1/n = (a 1/n) m i.e., a m/n = n√a m = ( n√a) m, m, n, N

Number which can Number which can’t

be represented on a be represented on a
number line number line
Rationalisation

Let a and b be positive real numbers. Then,

(i) (√a) 2 = a (ii) (√a + √b) (√a - √b) = a - b

Rational Number (R) Irrational Number (iii)

√a
=
√a
(iV) (a + √b) (a - √b) = a 2 - b
√b √b

Number which can be A number which are not (v) √a√b = √ab (Vi) (√a + √b) 2 = a + 2 √ab + b
p
represent in q form (p,q rational is called irrational
belongs to integers, q ≠ o) number.
(vii) (√a + √b) (√c + √d) = √ac + √ad + √bc + √bd

Non Terminating
& Non Repeating Representation of Irrational
Non Integers Integers (R)
Numbers on the Number Line
2, 3, 5,
Numbers with Numbers without , e, 1.45678.....
decimal part decimal part Let √x be an irrational number. To represent it on
the number line we will follow the following steps

ALGORITHM
STEP 1
Obtain the positive real number x (say)
STEP 2
Draw a line and mark a point A on it.
STEP 3
Mark a point B on line such that AB = x units.
STEP 4
From point B mark a distance of 1 unit and
Decimal Fractions mark the new point as C.
Whole Numbers (W) Negative Integers STEP 5 Find the mind-point of AC and mark the
7 , 3 ,2 1 point as O.
2 5 5 STEP 6 Draw a circle with centre O and OC.
Integer <0
Proper 0 & All positive integers -1, -2, -3, ........ STEP 7 Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing
Fraction through B and intersecting the semi-circle
at D. Length BD is equal to√x.

D
Improper
Non Terminating Fraction
Terminating & Repeating Recurring
Zero Natural Numbers √x

√x
0.15, 0.86, -2.5, -7.52 0.333... or 0.3, 1.27
Mixed O B
1
C E
Positive Integers A x
Fraction 0
Counting Numbers >0
1, 2, 3, ....