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Lesson 7 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms (1)

The document discusses various sensory and motor mechanisms in plants and animals, highlighting plant responses to light, gravity, wind, and touch, as well as the structure and function of neurons in animals. It explains concepts such as photomorphogenesis, gravitropism, and thigmotropism in plants, along with the classification of sensory neurons and their roles in detecting stimuli. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the nervous system in processing sensory information from the environment to maintain stability and safety in the human body.

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Lesson 7 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms (1)

The document discusses various sensory and motor mechanisms in plants and animals, highlighting plant responses to light, gravity, wind, and touch, as well as the structure and function of neurons in animals. It explains concepts such as photomorphogenesis, gravitropism, and thigmotropism in plants, along with the classification of sensory neurons and their roles in detecting stimuli. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the nervous system in processing sensory information from the environment to maintain stability and safety in the human body.

Uploaded by

w0993179
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 7 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Plant Responses to Light


Photomorphogenesis- Is the growth and development of plants in reaction to light. It enables
plants to maximize their use of light and space.
Photoperiodism- Is the tendency to use light to maintain track of time

Plant Responses to Gravity


Gravitropism/ Geotropism- is the growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of
gravity. (Negative and Positive Gravitropism)

Plant Responses to Wind and Touch


Thigmotropism- is a directional growth movement which occurs as a mechanosensory response
to a touch stimulus. A thigmonastic response is a tactile response that is independent of the
stimulus path.
Tendril- is a specialized stem, leaf, or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing
plants for support
Thigmomorphogenesis- is a slow developmental change in the shape of a plant subjected to
continuous mechanical stress.
When trees bend in the wind, for example, growth is usually stunted and the trunk thickens.
Researchers hypothesize that mechanical strain from wind, rain, or movement by other living
things induces growth and differentiation to strengthen the tissues.

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms in Animals


Neurons- structural and functional unit of the nervous system and comes in variety of shapes
based on their purpose.
Motor neurons that regulate muscle contractions have a cell body on one end, long axon in the
center and dendrites on the other. Sensory neurons have dendrites on both sides connected by
a long axon with a cell body in the center. Interneurons hold information between motor
neurons and sensory neurons.
Sensory neurons can be classified in various ways, including by their morphology, location, and
the stimulus they are responsible for detecting.
Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar neurons located in the nasal cavity. They are activated by
odor molecules in the air and give us our sense of smell.
Gustatory receptors, or taste receptors, detect the chemicals found in food to give us a sense of
taste.
Photoreceptors are a special type of neuroepithelial cell that converts light into electrical
signals. Thus, they communicate to the brain, allowing us to see the world around us.
Thermoreceptors allow us to detect temperature changes in the environment. Some
thermoreceptors are cold-sensitive, others are heat-sensitive.
Mechanoreceptors respond to physical deformation of the cell membrane from mechanical
energy or pressure, including touch, stretch, motion or sound.
Nociceptors are responsible for pain and temperature sensations, such as the pain you feel in
your mouth after eating spicy foods.

How the Human Body Receives Sensory Information?


The nervous system must receive and process information about the outside world in order to
respond, interact and keep the body stable and safe. Most of these input comes from the
sensory organs: the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin.

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