Drug Use and Misuse, 9th Edition

Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:

https://medipdf.com/product/drug-use-and-misuse-9th-edition/

Click Download Now

 To Joseph A. Maisto
S. A. M.

To Kate and Annie

M. G.

To Elyse and Guy

G. J. C.

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Stephen A. Maisto Mark Galizio Gerard J. Connors

received a PhD in experimental received his PhD in ­experimental is a senior research scientist
psychology from the University psychology in 1976, from at the Research Institute on
of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and the University of Wisconsin–­ Addictions at the University
completed a postdoctoral respe- Milwaukee. He is professor of at Buffalo. He earned his
cialization in clinical psychology psychology at the University doctoral degree in clinical
from George Peabody College of of North Carolina Wilming- psychology from Vander-
Vanderbilt University. He is a pro- ton, where he has taught and bilt University in 1980.
fessor of psychology at Syracuse ­conducted research for over Dr. ­Connors’s research
University. He has been engaged 30 years. He has published interests include substance
in research, teaching, clinical extensively in the areas of behav- use and abuse, relapse
practice, and clinical training in ioral pharmacology and behav- prevention, self-help group
the assessment and treatment of ior analysis and has served as involvement, early interven-
the substance use disorders for associate editor of the Journal tions with heavy drinkers,
well over 30 years. Dr. Maisto of the Experimental Analysis of and treatment evaluation.
has published over 300 articles, Behavior. His research has been He is a member of the
30 book chapters, and several supported by grants from the American Psychological
books on substance use and National Institute on Drug Abuse, Association (Fellow, Divi-
the substance use disorders. His the National Institute of Neuro- sions of Clinical Psychology
current research is supported logical Disorders and Stroke, and and Addictive Behaviors),
by the National Institute on the National ­Science Foundation. Research Society on Alco-
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism He is a fellow of the Association holism, and Association for
and the Department of Veterans for Behavior Analysis Interna- Behavioral and Cognitive
Affairs. Dr. Maisto is a member tional and the American Psycho- Therapies. Dr. Connors has
of the American Psychological logical Association (Divisions of authored or coauthored
Association (Fellow, Divisions of Psychopharmacology and Sub- numerous scientific articles,
Clinical Psychology and Addic- stance Abuse, Behavior Analysis, books, and book chapters.
tive Behaviors), Association for Behavioral Neuroscience and His ­current research activ-
Psychological Science, Research Comparative Psychology, and ities are funded by grants
Society on Alcoholism, and the Experimental Psychology) and is from the National Institute
Association for Behavioral and past president of the Division of on Alcohol Abuse and
Cognitive Therapies. Dr. Maisto Behavior Analysis. Alcoholism.
was appointed editor for Psy-
chology of Addictive Behaviors, a
journal published by the Amer-
ican Psychological Association,
for the term January 1, 2008, to
December 31, 2013.

iv

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contributors

Adaobi Obi Tulton

is a freelance editor and owner of Serendipity23 Editorial Services and has been working in publishing for
over 20 years. After graduating from New York University with a bachelor’s degree in English, she started
her editorial career as a manuscript coordinator for the Journal of Cell Biology at Rockefeller University. She
then became a project editor for John Wiley & Sons, working on their computer technology titles, before
later freelancing for them and other technology publishers such as Apress and O’Reilly. She is also a freelance
copyeditor and proofreader for trade publishers such as Hachette Book Group and Hay House. She lives in
New York City with her husband, daughter, and cat.

Kimberley A. Phillips
is professor and director of the neuroscience program at Trinity University, core scientist at Southwest National
Primate Research Center, and adjunct clinical faculty at the Research Imaging Institute, UT Health San
­Antonio. She received her PhD from the University of Georgia. Dr. Phillips is a behavioral neuroscientist, and
her research focuses on comparative neuroanatomy and social and hormonal contributions to healthy brain
aging. She is a 2018 HERS Leadership Institute alumna and past president of the American Society of Prima-
tologists, and has been a member of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) for over 20 years. She currently serves
on SfN’s Committee on Animal Research. She is also a freelance writer for the travel company Peak Planet.
When she is not teaching or in the lab, you can find her hiking, paddleboarding, running, or trying to surf.

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
BRIEF CONTENTS

Preface xiv

Chapter  1 Drug Use and Misuse 3

Chapter  2 Drug Use Yesterday and Today 27

Chapter  3 Drugs and the Nervous System 51

Chapter  4 Pharmacology 75

Chapter  5 Psychopharmacology and New Drug Development 103

Chapter   6 Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Related Stimulants 131

Chapter   7 Nicotine 159

Chapter  8 Caffeine 191

Chapter   9 Alcohol 215

Chapter 10 Opiates 261

Chapter 11 Marijuana 285

Chapter 12 Hallucinogens 317

Chapter 13 Psychotherapeutic Medications 347

Chapter 14 Other Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs 389

Chapter 15 Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 413

Chapter 16 Prevention of Substance Misuse 459

Glossary 484

References 490

Index 529

vi

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 contents

Preface xiv Development of Drug Laws 35

the san francisco ordinance 36
Pure food and drug act 37
CHAPTER 1
harrison narcotics tax act 37
Drug Use and Misuse 3 alcohol Prohibition 38
Pharmacology and Drugs 5 Post-Prohibition legislation 39
drug classification 6 Current Drug Laws 40
the drug experience 7
Summary 46
Alcohol and Drug Use in the
United States 8
national survey on drug Use and CHAPTER 3
health 9 Drugs and the Nervous
Multiple drug Use 11
International comparisons of drug System 51
Use 12 The neuron 52
negative consequences of alcohol and
drug Use 14 neural Transmission 53
Defining Harmful Drug Use 15 Drugs and neural Transmission 56
Use of the DSM 15
drug tolerance, Withdrawal, and Major neurotransmitter Systems 59
drug-taking Behavior 18 acetylcholine 59
Overview of the Text 21 Monoamines 60
endorphins 62
Evaluating Websites 21 amino acid neurotransmitters 63
other neurotransmitters 63
Summary 23 The nervous System 63
The Brain 65
CHAPTER 2 the hindbrain 65
Drug Use Yesterday and the Midbrain 66
Today 27 the forebrain 67
Imaging the human Brain 69
Historical Overview 28
Summary 71
drug Use in the United states 29
Medical science and drug Use 34

vii

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 viii Contents

Human Behavioral Pharmacology 120

CHAP T E R 4 ethical Questions 120
Pharmacology 75 Placebo controls 120
Pharmacokinetics and Drug new Drug Development 122
Dose 77 clinical trials and fda approval 123
drug dose 77 distribution and Marketing 124
routes of administration 78 Generic drugs 125
drug absorption 82 Summary 127
drug distribution 85
Conclusion 89
CHAPTER 6
Pharmacodynamics 91
Cocaine, Amphetamines,
the dose-effect curve 91
effective and lethal doses 94 and Related
drug Interactions 96 Stimulants 131
Summary 99 The Coca Leaf 132
Early Use of Cocaine 134
CHAP T E R 5 The Amphetamines 136
Psychopharmacology
Cocaine Epidemic ii 137
and New Drug
Development 103 The Return of Meth 142
Factors influencing Drug Effects 104 Bath Salts 144
Biological factors 105
Psychological factors 106 Pharmacokinetics of Stimulants 146
Social and Environmental Mechanism of Stimulant Action 146
Factors 109
Acute Effects at Low and Moderate
Tolerance 109 Doses 148
types of tolerance 110 Physiological effects 148
explanations of tolerance 111 Behavioral effects 149
Behavioral Pharmacology 114 Acute Effects at High Doses 150
reinforcement and Punishment 115
operant Principles and drug Effects of Chronic Use 150
dependence 116 tolerance 151
drug discrimination 117 dependence 152
conflict Paradigm 118 Stimulant Drugs and ADHD 153
Animal Models and Human Drug
Use 119 Summary 156

viii

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 contents
Contents ix

Prevalence of Caffeine
CHAPTER 7 Consumption 195
Nicotine 159 Pharmacology of Caffeine 198
History of Tobacco Use 161 Mechanism of action 198
the West discovers tobacco 161 Pharmacokinetics 199
tobacco as Panacea 162
Tolerance and Dependence 200
from Panacea to Panned 162
tolerance 200
Prevalence of Tobacco Use 163 caffeine Withdrawal 200
smoking in the United states 163
Acute Effects of Caffeine 201
Initiation of smoking 165
smokeless tobacco Use 166 Behavioral and Psychological
effects 201
Pharmacology of nicotine 167 Interactions among caffeine,
sites of action 167 nicotine, and alcohol 202
Pharmacokinetics 168 acute toxic effects of caffeine 206
distribution 168
Chronic Effects of Caffeine Use 207
Metabolism and excretion 169
Tolerance and Dependence 170 Therapeutic Uses of Caffeine 210
tolerance 170 Conclusions 210
Physical dependence 171
Acute Effects of nicotine 171 Summary 211
nicotine’s dependence liability 173
Effects of Chronic Tobacco Use 173 CHAPTER 9
tar, nicotine, and carbon Monoxide 175 Alcohol 215
diseases linked to cigarette
smoking 176 Alcoholic Beverages 216
other tobacco Products and health 177 fermentation and distillation 216
Passive smoking 178 expressing the alcohol content of a
Beverage 217
Treatment of Cigarette Smoking 179
the necessity of formal treatment 180 History of Alcohol Use 219
treatment effectiveness 181 Consumption of Alcohol and
conclusions about the treatment of
Heavy Drinking in the United
cigarette smoking 183
States 221
Summary 186 Per capita consumption 222
consumption of alcohol among college
students 224
CHAPTER 8
Pharmacology of Alcohol 226
Caffeine 191
Mechanism of action 226
Sources of Caffeine 192 Pharmacokinetics of alcohol 227
History of Caffeine Use 194

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 x Contents

Tolerance and Dependence 231 Mechanisms of Opiate Action 273

tolerance 231 discovery of endorphins 273
Physical dependence 232 What do endorphins do? 274
Therapeutic Uses 232 Medical Use of Opiate Drugs 275
Acute Effects of Alcohol 233 Acute Psychological and
Physiological effects 233 Physiological Effects of Opiates 277
sensorimotor effects 236
Chronic Effects of Opiates 278
alcohol and driving ability 236
Psychological effects 239 tolerance 279
alcohol and Behavior 239 Withdrawal and dependence 280
Effects of Chronic Heavy Summary 281
Drinking 243
alcohol and Brain functioning 246
alcohol and the liver 247 CHAPTER 11
alcohol and reproductive Marijuana 285
functioning 248
fetal alcohol syndrome 248
Historical Overview 287
Moderate drinking and health 250 cannabis in the americas 288
committee reports on Marijuana 291
The Development of Alcohol
Use Disorder 252 Epidemiology 292
traditional approaches to Methods of Use 295
etiology 252
“Biopsychosocial” approaches to Active ingredients 297
etiology 254
Potency of cannabis 297
Summary 256 Pharmacokinetics 297
absorption 298
distribution, Metabolism, and
CHAP T E R 10
excretion 298
Opiates 261
Mechanisms of Action 299
History of the Opiates 262
research findings 299
early history 263 tolerance and dependence 300
opiate Use in the 19th century 263
opiate Use after the harrison act 265 Medical and Psychotherapeutic
the Making of an epidemic 269 Uses 301
the opiate epidemic 270 history of therapeutic Use 301
Pharmacokinetics 272 current status of Medical Uses of
Marijuana 303
absorption 272
distribution, Metabolism, and Physiological Effects 305
excretion 272 acute effects 305
longer-term effects 305

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 contents
Contents xi

Psychological Effects 308 CHAPTER 13

Behavioral effects 308 Psychotherapeutic
cognitive effects 309 Medications 347
emotional effects 310
Historical Overview 349
social and environmental effects 311
the Pre-chlorpromazine era 349
Summary 313 the age of chlorpromazine 350
Epidemiology 351
CHAPTER 12 Classes of Drugs and Their
Hallucinogens 317 Actions 354
Overview 318 antipsychotics 354
antidepressants 360
Serotonergic Hallucinogens: LSD and antianxiety agents 367
Related Compounds 320 nonbenzodiazepine treatment 380
early history 320 Mood-stabilizing drugs 380
recent history 323 Psychotherapeutic Drugs and
Mechanisms of action of lsd-like Pregnancy 383
drugs 326
Pharmacokinetics of lsd-like drugs 327 Summary 384
Psychotherapeutic Uses 328
effects of serotonergic hallucinogens 329
adverse effects of serotonergic CHAPTER 14
hallucinogens 330
Other Prescription and
Methylated Amphetamines 333 Over-the-Counter
overview 333 Drugs 389
history and epidemiology 334
effects of Methylated amphetamines 335
Overview 390
toxicity 337 Prescription Drugs 390
residual effects of MdMa 337
Psychotherapeutic Uses 339 Birth control drugs 390
anabolic steroids 393
Anticholinergic Hallucinogens 340
Over-the-Counter Drugs 398
Dissociative Anesthetic fda classification 398
Hallucinogens 341 analgesics 399
history 341 cold and allergy Medications 401
Pharmacokinetics 341 over-the-counter stimulants and
effects of PcP and Ketamine 342 sedatives 401
Psychotherapeutic Uses 342 Herbal Products, Hormones, and
Salvinorin A (Salvia) 343 Dietary Supplements 402
areca (Betel) 403
Summary 344 dhea 403
ephedra/Ma huang 404

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 xii Contents

Ginkgo Biloba 404 Other Drug Treatment Settings and

Kava 404 Services 438
Kratom 405
treatment of nonopiate drug Use
Melatonin 406
disorder 438
s-adenosyl-Methionine 406
Pharmacotherapy of other drug Use
st. John’s Wort 406
disorders 439
Valerian 406
effectiveness of drug treatment 441
Gamma hydroxybutyrate 407
nonpharmacological Professional
inhalants 408 treatment 441
self-help treatment 442
Summary 410 Pharmacological treatments 443
Promising treatment techniques 444
Special Topics in Alcohol and Drug
CHAP T E R 15 Treatment 445
Treatment of Substance treatment of Polysubstance Misuse 445
Use Disorders 413 treatment of dual-diagnosis Patients 446
Motivation to Change 415 relapse 446
Models of Causes and Treatment
Change without Formal
Methods 450
Treatment 417
Economic Factors in Alcohol and Drug
Self-Help Groups 417
Treatment 450
alcoholics anonymous 418
other self-help Groups 421 The Stepped-Care Approach 452
Models of Substance Use Summary 454
Disorders 422
five Model categories 422
Biopsychosocial Model 424 CHAPTER 16
Professional Treatment: Assessment Prevention of Substance
and Goals 425 Misuse 459
abstinence or Moderation? 426 Defining Prevention 461
harm reduction 427
Alcohol Treatment Settings and Models of Prevention 462
Services 428 sociocultural Model 462
types of settings and services 428 distribution of consumption Model 464
Pharmacological treatment 430 Proscriptive Model 466
effectiveness of alcohol treatment 431 Principles of Drug Misuse
nonpharmacological Professional Prevention 468
treatment 432
self-help treatment 433 Current Topics in Prevention 470
effectiveness of Pharmacological education and Mass Media efforts 471
treatments 436 affect-oriented Programs 473

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents

AGlossary 484

references 490

Index 529

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
preface

We began writing the first edition of this text in the late 1980s. At that time, drug
use and related problems were of major interest and concern in the United States and
in other countries. Awareness, interest, and concern about drug use have not abated
since that time, nor has the need for a general undergraduate text to educate college
students on the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence drug use
and its effects. Therefore, we have completed this ninth edition, which retains many
features of previous editions but also reflects changes that have occurred in this very
dynamic area of study since the eighth edition was published in 2019.
As in all of the text’s previous editions, the central theme of this edition is that a
drug’s effects are determined not only by its chemical structure and interaction in
the body but also by drug users’ biological and psychological characteristics and the
setting in which they use the drug. This central theme is reflected in the inclusion of
chapters on pharmacology and psychopharmacology, and is continued throughout
the presentation of individual drugs or drug classes and in the discussion of preven-
tion and treatment. The text examines the complexity of human drug consumption
on biological, psychological, and social levels. Although the text is scholarly, it is
understandable to students with little background in the biological, behavioral, or
social sciences.
The text also retains a number of pedagogical features designed to increase stu-
dents’ interest and learning. Diagnostic pretests at the beginning of each chapter
challenge students to test their knowledge of drugs while drawing their attention to
important concepts or facts that follow in the chapter. Pretest answers and explana-
tions at the end of each chapter provide an important review of the main concepts.
The margin glossary helps students identify and define important terms within the
text. Margin quotes help bring abstract concepts to life through personal accounts,
comments, and quips about drug use and its ramifications. Drugs and Culture boxes
explore variations in drug use and its consequences. They highlight the importance
of differences in drug use that are associated with factors such as a person’s sex, race,
and ethnic background. Finally, Contemporary Issue boxes discuss current contro-
versies involving drugs or drug use, as well as events related to such controversies.

New in This Edition

As mentioned earlier, drugs and drug use are popular and dynamic areas of study. For
example, when the seventh edition was published in 2015, synthetic designer drugs
like “Spice” and “bath salts” had recently emerged as international phenomena.
These designer drugs are sold on the Internet, often legally. The ninth edition chron-
icles the impact of this drug trade, with a focus on the legal changes in the United
States designed to address the problem (Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of
2012, Chapter 2) and reviews of the major drugs involved: synthetic cathinones or
bath salts (Chapter 6), synthetic opiate drugs (Chapter 10), synthetic cannabinoids
or Spice (Chapter 11), and phenethylamine hallucinogens (2C-B, Chapter 12).
Numerous other changes have occurred in the field since publication of the eighth
edition. Each chapter of the ninth edition has been updated to represent findings
from the latest research, as well as to reflect social and legal changes related to drugs.

xiv

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface xv

Among the many revisions, we present the latest survey data available at this ­writing
on patterns of drug use in the United States and in other countries worldwide.
­Chapter 2, “Drug Use: Yesterday and Today,” includes new information on the voter
and legislative approvals in multiple states to regulate, tax, and control marijuana use
and distribution; updates on the continuing movement to legalize the use of mari-
juana for medical reasons; and new coverage on the synthetic opioid fentanyl being
used alone or mixed with heroin.
Chapter 3, “Drugs and the Nervous System,” adds detail on how drugs affect
neurotransmission processes.
Chapter 6, “Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Related Stimulants,” adds information
on the changing trends in cocaine and methamphetamine use, as well as new infor-
mation about synthetic cathinones (bath salts).
Chapter 7, “Nicotine,” has updated National Survey on Drug Use and Health
(NSDUH) data on the epidemiology of nicotine use in the United States, along with
an expanded and updated section on the treatment of nicotine addiction. The latter
includes how the concept of precision medicine is influencing the pharmacological
treatment of tobacco cigarette smoking. Chapter 7 also features updated material on
the harm-reduction approach to cigarette smoking, including expanded discussion of
products billed as “safer” alternatives to traditional cigarettes, such as the electronic
cigarette and smokeless tobacco products.
Chapter 8, “Caffeine,” includes the latest data on caffeine effects, including a
variety of apparent health benefits of coffee. Also included are new insights on the
metabolism of caffeine, including the genetics of caffeine consumption. The chapter
also features coverage of caffeine withdrawal as a clinical phenomenon. The latest
information on the combined use of alcohol and caffeine is also provided.
Chapter 9, “Alcohol,” has new epidemiological data on alcohol consumption in
the United States and around the world, as well as the health “benefits” of moderate
alcohol consumption. Chapter 9 also contains updated data on the effects of a preg-
nant woman’s moderate alcohol use on the health of the fetus that she is carrying.
Chapter 10, “Opiates,” provides extensive new coverage of the dramatic increase
in use of heroin, prescription opiates, and synthetic opiates. Two new sections are
included on the events that led to the opiate epidemic and the current status and
impact of the epidemic. The increase in opiate overdose deaths is chronicled, and a
new box on treating overdose with naloxone is added.
The chapter on marijuana (Chapter 11) includes the latest epidemiological data
on marijuana use around the world, including use among youth. Chapter 11 also
contains the latest information on the therapeutic uses of marijuana, on the relation-
ship between cannabis use and various mental health outcomes, and on newer meth-
ods of consumption (such as vaping and dabbing).
Chapter 12 covers the exciting new research on psychological effects of hallu-
cinogens, especially psilocybin and MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine).
New sections expand coverage of the thera­peutic uses of hallucinogens like psilocybin
for anxiety and depression, MDMA for posttraumatic stress disorder, and ketamine
for depression. A new box discusses the potential and challenges for medical use of
hallucinogens.
Chapter 13, “Psychotherapeutic Medications,” includes the most recent data on
the nature and extent of mental illness in the United States. It also includes the latest
information on newly prescribed psychotherapeutic medications, with discussion of
their benefits and side effects. Chapter 13 also provides coverage of the use of psy-
chotherapeutic medications during pregnancy, which often has been a difficult and
challenging issue for pregnant women and their physicians alike.

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 xvi Preface

Chapter 14, “Other Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs,” adds coverage

of the controversial plant compound “kratom,” which has become popular in recent
years.
Chapter 15, “Treatment of Substance Use Disorders,” includes a new Contem-
porary Issue Box on the use of telehealth (the use of technology, such as electronic
medical records, smartphones, and web-based applications to support the delivery of
health care, health-related education, and other health-related services and functions)
in efforts to help patients sustain changes that they make in treatment, added discus-
sion of the effectiveness of mutual help support groups such as Alcoholics Anony-
mous, and updated information on the integration of the Affordable Care Act in our
discussion of economics and the stepped-care approach to substance use disorders
treatment.
Chapter 16, “Prevention of Substance Abuse,” covers the latest trends in pre-
vention interventions, including temperament-based programs that focus on traits,
such as sensation seeking and anxiety sensitivity, uniquely associated with risk for
subsequent development of a drug-related problem. Updates on the broad array of
negative consequences associated with problematic use of alcohol among college stu-
dents, including deaths, assault, sexual abuse, and academic problems, are provided.
Accompanying the ninth edition are both new and expanded supplements that
will help instructors with class preparation and help students by providing opportuni-
ties for review, including an Instructor’s Manual, Test Bank, Instructor PowerPoints,
an online companion website, and MindTap. The Instructor’s Manual provides chap-
ter outlines, learning objectives, key terms, glossary terms and definitions, and useful
web links. The Instructor’s Manual follows the text chapter by chapter with orga-
nized material to aid in planning an effective, engaging course. To aid instructors
in integrating technology into their classroom, the manual also includes a MindTap
Integration Chart and Educator’s Guide, designed to highlight important activities
and content found in MindTap.
The Test Bank is available in Cognero electronic format, an online system which
allows instructors to author, edit, and manage Test Bank content from multiple Cen-
gage solutions. Instructors may also easily create multiple test versions in an instant
and deliver tests from a chosen learning management system (LMS), the classroom,
or anywhere else Internet access is available. The Test Bank features multiple-choice,
true/false, and essay questions. Questions are tagged to Bloom’s Taxonomy and to
the associated text content.
Instructor PowerPoint presentations accompany each chapter. These slides address
all major topics covered within the text in an easy-to-use and condensed format.
Slides may be used to guide classroom presentations or conversations, as a classroom
handout for student preparation, or as an additional student resource for chapter
review. Instructors may customize the slides to best suit their course.
A student companion website offers text-specific review and enrichment materials,
including tutorial quizzes, flash cards, and an online glossary. An instructor compan-
ion website features the Instructor’s Manual, PowerPoint lectures, and Test Bank
materials.
The ninth edition also includes MindTap. MindTap®, a digital teaching and learn-
ing solution, helps students be more successful and confident in the course—and in
their work with clients. MindTap guides students through the course by combin-
ing the complete textbook with interactive multimedia, activities, assessments, and
­learning tools. Readings and activities engage students in learning core concepts,
practicing needed skills, reflecting on their attitudes and opinions, and applying what
they learn. Instructors can rearrange and add content to personalize their MindTap

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface xvii

course and easily track students’ progress with real-time analytics. And MindTap
integrates seamlessly with any learning management system.

Acknowledgments
This text could not have been completed without the help of a number of people.
We want to thank the many talented folks at both Cengage Learning and Lumina
Datamatics, Inc., who provided guidance through content development, ­permissions,
and production. This book would not be possible without all of you.
We also want to thank other special people who helped us in completing the ninth
edition. Stephen Maisto would like to thank his wife, Mary Jean Byrne-Maisto, for
her love and support in finishing this edition. He also would like to thank his out-
standing graduate student, Dezarie Moskal, for all of her help in preparing this edi-
tion. Mark Galizio thanks his wife, Kate Bruce, and daughter, Annie. Their love and
support make it all worthwhile. Mark also thanks the many students at the University
of North Carolina Wilmington who provide continuing challenges and inspiration.
Gerard Connors thanks his wife, Lana Michaels Connors, for her constant support
and love throughout the preparation of the ninth edition. Finally, all three authors
would like to thank Mark R. Duerr for his tireless assistance and patience in prepar-
ing the chapters for this edition.
Stephen A. Maisto
Mark Galizio
Gerard J. Connors

Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.