Ex.No 1:Study of peripherals of a computer and its functions.

Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions.

Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral
and submit to your instructor

AIM: To identify the peripherals of a computer.

Hard drive

Alternatively referred to as a hard disk

drive and abbreviated as HD or HDD,
the hard drive is the computer's main
storage media device that permanently
stores all data on the computer. The
hard drive consists of one or more hard
drive platters inside of an air sealed
casing. Most computer hard drives are
in an internal drive bay at the front of
the computer and connect to the
motherboard using either an ATA, SCSI,
or SATA cable and power cable. Below
is a picture of what the inside of a hard drive looks like for a desktop and laptop hard
drive.

As can be seen in the picture, the desktop hard drive consists of the following
components:
 the head actuator,

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  read/write actuator arm,
 disk read/write head,
 spindle,
 platter.
On the back of a hard drive is a circuit board called the controller.

How is data read and stored on a hard drive?

Data sent to and from the hard drive is interpreted by the disk controller, which tells
the hard drive what to do and how to move the components within the drive. When the
operating system needs to read or write information, it examines the hard drive's File
Allocation Table (FAT) to determine file location and available areas. Once this has
been determined, the disk controller instructs the actuator to move the read/write
arm and align the read/write head. Because files are often scattered throughout the
platter, the head needs to move to different locations to access all information.

All information stored on a traditional hard drive, like the above example, is done
magnetically. After completing the above steps, if the computer needs to read
information from the hard drive, it would read the magnetic polarities on the platter.
One side of the magnetic polarity is 0 and the other is 1. Reading this as binary data,
the computer can understand what the data is on the platter. For the computer to
write information to the platter, the read/write head aligns the magnetic polarities,
writing 0's and 1's that can be read later.

External and Internal hard drives

Although most hard drives are internal hard drives, many users also use external
hard drives to backup data on their computer and expand the total amount of space
available to them. External drives are often stored in an enclosure that helps protect
the drive and allow it to interface with the computer, usually over USB or eSATA.

ROM

Short for Read-Only Memory, ROM is a storage

medium that is used with computers and other
electronic devices. As the name indicates, data
stored in ROM may only be read. It is either
modified with extreme difficulty or not at all.
ROM is mostly used for firmware updates. A
simple example of ROM is the cartridge used
with video game consoles, which allows one system to run multiple games. Another

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example of ROM is EEPROM, which is a programmable ROM used for the computer
BIOS, as shown in the picture below. Unlike Random Access Memory (RAM), ROM
is non-volatile, which means it keeps its contents regardless of whether or not it has
power.

RAM
Alternatively referred to as main memory, primary memory, or system memory,
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a computer storage location that allows information
to be stored and accessed quickly from random locations within DRAM on a memory
module. Because information is accessed randomly instead of sequentially like a CD
or hard drive the computer can access the data much faster than it would if it was
only reading the hard drive. However, unlike ROM and the hard drive RAM is a volatile
memory and requires power in order to keep the data accessible, if power is lost all
data contained in memory lost.

As the computer loads

parts of the operating
system and drivers
are loaded into
memory, which allows
the CPU to process the instructions much faster and your computer to load faster.
After the operating system has loaded, each program you open such as the browser
you're using to view this page is loaded into memory while it is running. If too many
programs are open the computer will swap the data in the memory between the RAM
and the hard disk drive.

Flash memory

Alternatively referred to as flash storage, flash

memory is a non-volatile computer memory. This type of
memory is an integrated circuit that does not need
continuous power to retain the data, but is a bit more
expensive than magnetic storage. Today, flash memory is
becoming more popular, and solid-state drives are a practical replacement for
large hard drives if you have the extra money.
Flash memory is widely used with car radios, cell phones, digital
cameras, PDAs, solid-state drives, and printers. The picture is an example of a
MicroSD flash memory card.

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Memory slot

A memory slot, memory

socket, or RAM slot is what
allows computer memory (RAM)
to be inserted into the computer.
Depending on the motherboard,
there may be 2 to 4 memory
slots (sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine the type of
RAM used with the computer. The most common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR
for desktop computers and SODIMM for laptop computers, each having various types
and speeds. In the picture below, is an example of what memory slots may look like
inside a desktop computer. In this picture, there are three open available slots for
three memory sticks.

CPU

Alternatively referred to as the brain of the

computer, processor, central processor, or
microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced as C-P-U) is
short for Central Processing Unit. The computer
CPU is responsible for handling all instructions it
receives from hardware and software running on the
computer. In the picture below, is an example of what
the top and bottom of an Intel Pentium processor
looks like. The processor is placed and secured into a
compatible CPU socket found on the motherboard,
and because of the heat it produces it is covered with
a heat sink to help keep it cool and running smoothly.

As can be seen by the picture, the CPU chip is usually

in the shape of a square or rectangle and has one
notched corner to help place the chip into the computer properly. On the bottom of
the chip are hundreds of connector pins that plug into each of the corresponding
holes on the socket. Today, most CPU's resemble the picture shown above; however,
Intel and AMD have also experimented with slot processors that were much larger
and slid into a slot on the motherboard. Also, over the years there have been dozens of
different types of sockets on motherboards, each socket only supports so many
different processors, and each has its own pin layout.

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In the CPU, the primary components are the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) that performs
mathematical, logical, and decision operations and the CU (Control Unit) that directs
all of the processors operations. Over the history of computer processors, the speed
(clock speed) and capabilities of the processor have dramatically improved.

Heat sink

A heat sink is an electronic device that incorporates either a fan

or a peltier device to keep a hot component such as a processor
cool. There are two heat sink types: active and passive.
Passive heat sinks are 100% reliable, as they have no
mechanical components. Passive heat sinks are made of an
aluminum-finned radiator that dissipates heat through
convection. For Passive heat sinks to work to their full capacity, it is recommended
that there is a steady air flow moving across the fins.

PowerSupply

Short for Power Supply and sometimes

abbreviated as PSU, which is short for Power
Supply Unit. The PS is an internal hardware
component used to supply the components in a
computer with power by converting potentially
lethal 110-115 or 220-230 volt alternating
current (AC) into a steady low-voltage direct
current (DC) usable by the computer.
Caution: Do not open the power supply, it
contains capacitors that are capable of holding
hold electricity even if the computer is off and unplugged for a week, if not longer.
On the back end of the power supply as shown in the above picture is where you
connect the power cord to the computer. In addition to the power cord connection the
back also has a fan opening to draw air out of the power supply, a small red switch to
change the power supply voltage, and the rocker switch to turn the power supply on
and off.
On the front-end, which is not visible unless the computer is opened is several dozen
other cables that connect the power supply to each of the devices and the computer
motherboard.

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PCI
Short for Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI is
an expansion to the ISA bus. The PCI bus is a 32-bit
(133MBps) computer bus that is also available as a 64-
bit bus and was the most commonly found and used
computer bus in computers. In the picture, there are
three PCI slots, PCI4, PCI5, and PCI6.

Today's computers and motherboards have replaced

PCI with PCI Express (PCIe) slots.

Examples of PCI devices

 Modem
 Network card
 Sound card
 Video card

AGP

Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, AGP is an advanced port designed for Video cards
and 3D accelerators. Designed by Intel and introduced in August of 1997, AGP
introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller
direct access the system memory. Below is an illustration of what the AGP slot may
look like on your motherboard.

Each computer with AGP

support will either have one
AGP slot or on-board AGP
video. If you needed more than
one video card in the computer, you can have one AGP video card and one PCI video
card or use a motherboard that supports SLI.

NOTE: Not all operating systems support AGP because of limited or no driver support.
For example, Windows 95 did not incorporate AGP support. Today, AGP is being
replaced by PCI Express.

NIC
Short for Network Interface Card, the NIC is also
referred to as an Ethernet card and network
adapter. It is an expansion card that enables

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a computer to connect to a network; such as a home network, or the Internet using
an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

Due to the popularity and low cost of the Ethernet standard, most new computers
have a network interface build directly into the motherboard. The top image shows
10/100 PCI network card, one of the more common examples.

The bottom picture shows a PC Card, more specifically the

SMC EZ Card 10/100 wireless network card; found in laptop
computers that do not have onboard wireless capabilities.

A network card can communicate with each other over the

same network using a network switch or if only two computers a direct connection. If
computers on your network need to connect to a different network (e.g. the Internet)
they must be eventually connected to a router that allows networks to communicate
with each other.

SATA

Short for SerialATA, SATA 1.0 was first released in August 2001
and is a replacement for the Parallel ATA interface used in IBM
compatible computers. SerialATA is capable of delivering
1.5Gbps (150MBps) of performance to each drive within a disk
array, offers backwards compatibility for existing ATA and
ATAPI devices, and offers a thin, small cable solution This cable
helps make a much easier cable routing and offers better airflow
in the computer when compared to the earlier ribbon cables
used with ATA drives.

In addition to being an internal solution, SATA also supports

external drives through External SATA more commonly known
aseSATA. eSATA offers many more advantages when compared
to other solutions. For example, it is hot-swappable, supports faster transfer speeds
and no bottleneck issues when compared with other popular external solutions such
as USB and Firewire, and supports disk drive technologies such as S.M.A.R.T..
Unfortunately, however, eSATA does have some disadvantages such as not
distributing power
through the cable like USB, which means drives will require an external power source
and it only supports a maximum cable lengths of up to 2m.

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CMOS

Alternatively referred to as a Real-Time Clock (RTC), Non-

Volatile RAM (NVRAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-
board semiconductor chip powered by a CMOS battery inside
computers that stores information such as the system time and
date and the system hardware settings for your computer. The
picture shows an example of the most common CMOS coin cell battery used in a
computer to power the CMOS memory.
IDE

Short for Integrated Drive Electronics or IBM Disc Electronics, IDE is more
commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA) and is a standard interface for IBM
compatible hard drives. IDE is different from the Small Computer Systems Interface
(SCSI) and Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) because its
controllers are on each drive, meaning the drive can connect
directly to the motherboard or controller. IDE and its updated
successor, Enhanced IDE (EIDE), are the most common drive
interfaces found in IBM compatible computers today. Above, is a
picture of the IDE connector on the back of a hard drive, a picture
of what an IDE cable looks like, and the IDE channels it connects to
on the motherboard.

Sound card
Alternatively referred to as an audio output device, sound board,
or audio card. A sound card is an expansion card or IC for
producing sound on a computer that can be heard
through speakers or headphones. Although the computer does not
need a sound device to function, they are included on every
machine in one form or another, either in an expansion slot or built
into the motherboard (onboard).

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Sound card connections
The picture is an example of a sound card audio ports or audio jacks on the back of
your computer, associated colors, and the connector symbols.

 Digital Out (White or Yellow; words: "Digital" or "Digital Out") - Used with
surround sound or loudspeakers.
 Sound in or line in (Blue; Arrow pointing into waves) - Connection for external
audio sources, e.g. tape recorder, record player, or CD player.
 Microphone or Mic (Pink; Microphone) - The connection for
a microphone or headphones.
 Sound out or line out (Green; Arrow pointing out of waves) - The primary sound
connection for your speakers or headphones. This sound card also has a
second (black) and third (orange) sound out connector.
 Firewire (Not pictured) - Used with some high-quality sound cards for digital
video cameras and other devices.
 MIDI or joystick (15 pin yellow connector) - Used with earlier sound cards to
connect MIDI keyboard or joystick.

Uses of a computer sound card

 Games
 Audio CDs and listening to music
 Watch movies
 Audio conferencing
 Creating and playing Midi
 Educational software
 Business presentations
 Record dictations
 Voice recognition

Parallel port

Less commonly referred to as the Centronics interface

or Centronics connectorafter the company that
originally designed it, the port was later developed by
Epson. The parallel port is found on the back of IBM
compatible computers and is a 25-pin (type DB-25)
computer interface commonly used to connect printers to the computer. Below is an example
of the DB25 interface found on the back of the computer.

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Serial port

An Asynchronous port on the computer used to connect a

serial device to the computer and capable of transmitting
one bit at a time. Serial ports are typically identified on
IBM compatible computers as COM (communications)
ports. For example, a mouse might be connected to COM1
and a modem to COM2. With the introduction of USB,
FireWire, and other faster solutions serial ports are rarely
used when compared to how often they've been used in the past. The picture shows the DB9
serial port on the back of a computer.

USB

Short for Universal Serial Bus, USB (pronounced yoo-es-bee) is a plug-and-play interface that
allows a computer to communicate with peripheral and other devices. USB-connected devices
cover a broad range; anything from keyboards and mice, to music players and flash drives. For
more information on these devices, see our USB devices section.
USB may also be used to send power to certain devices, such as smartphones and tablets, as

well as charge their batteries.

USB transfer speeds

USB 1.x is an external bus standard that supports data

transfer rates of 12 Mbps and is capable of supporting
up to 127 peripheral devices. The picture shows an
example of a USB cable being connected into the USB

port.

USB 2.0, also known as hi-speed USB, was developed by

Compaq, Hewlett Packard, Intel, Lucent,
Microsoft, NEC and Phillips and was introduced

in 2001. Hi-speed USB is capable of supporting a

transfer rate of up to 480 megabits per second (Mbps), or 60 megabytes per second (MBps). Hi-
speed USB is backward compatible, meaning it is capable of supporting USB 1.0 and 1.1
devices and cables.

USB 3.0, also known as SuperSpeed USB, was first made available in November 2009by
Buffalo Technology, but the first certified devices weren't available until January 2010. USB

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3.0 improved upon the USB 2.0 technology with speed and performance increases, improved

power management and increased bandwidth capability. It provides two unidirectional data

paths for receiving and sending data at the same time. USB 3.0 supports transfer rates up to
5.0 gigabits per second (Gbps), or 640 megabytes per second (MBps). Following the release of
USB 3.1, it has been officially renamed to "USB 3.1 Gen1" for marketing purposes. The first
certified devices included motherboards from ASUS and Gigabyte Technology. Dell began
including USB 3.0 ports in their Inspiron and Dell XPS series of computers in April 2011.

USB 3.1, also known as SuperSpeed+, was made available as of July 31, 2013 and is the latest
version of the USB protocol. USB 3.1 is capable of transfer rates of up to 10 Gbps, putting it in
line with the first generation of Apple's Thunderbolt channel. Today, many devices use the USB
3.0 and 3.1 revisions for improved performance and speed.

USB Type-C was developed around the same time as USB 3.1 and is a reversible-plug, 24-pin,
double-sided connector for use with USB devices.

Viva Questions:

1) Differentiate the following: Dual Core, Core 2Duo, i3, i5, i7

2) Differentiate between DDR2, DDR3, DDR4
3) What is meant by Firmwire?
4) What is meant by hot swappable
5) Compare HDD vs SDD.
6) Compare FAT, FAT32 with NTFS.
7) Write the memory storage specification from smallest unit
8) Write down any 15 Keyboard Shortcut keys with description.

Answers:

22
23
 Developing Achieving Excelling
Criteria (20)
(1-7mark) (8-14marks) (15-20 marks) Score
Understanding limited understanding uses appropriate consistently uses
Application of appropriate terminology and appropriate terminology
Terminology terminology and identify identify functions and and identify functions
functions and interaction of the and interaction of the
interaction of the components components
components
Knowledge/ limited ability to identify usually identifies and consistently identifies
Understanding and describe the describes the function and describes the
Internal function of internal of internal function of internal
components components components components
Understanding limited ability to usually identifies and consistently identifies
External identify and describe describes the function and describes the
components the function and and interactions of function and interactions
interactions of external external components of external components
components
Understanding limited ability to usually identifies and consistently identifies
Peripherals identify and describe describes the function and describes the
the function and and interactions of function and interactions
interaction of some of peripheral of some peripheral
peripheral components components components
Timeliness Finished 21-30 mins. or Finished 1-10 mins. Finished before the
further after the after the declared declared time.
declared time. time.
Total

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EX. NO 2: ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING OF PC
Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working
condition. Lab instructors should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also
students need to go through the video which shows the process of assembling a PC. A
video would be given as part of the course content.

AIM: To assemble and disassemble the system

Why should one learn about hardware?

1. Troubleshoot you and save time.
2. Knowing about system internals and components.
3. Very easy installation for modern hardware.
4. Install extra memory.
5. Removing components.

Safety Precautions:
1. Beware of electrostatic discharge (ESO)
2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.
3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.
4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.
5. Keep the components away from moisture.
6. Avoid using pressure while installing.

Steps for Assembling

1. Setting the cabinet ready.
2. Preparing to fit the components.
3. Fitting the mother board.
4. Fitting the RAM, processor and cooler.
5. Installing PCI cards.
6. Fitting the hard disk and floppy drive.
7. Installing the CD ROM drives.
8. Connecting the ribbon cables.
9. Powering the drives and mother board.
10. Connecting the cables for the case front panel.
11. Final check.
Getting the Cabinet ready:
1. Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix the components.
2. Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.
Preparing to fit the Components:
1. Network adapter drive.

25
 2. Cables.
3. Hard disk.
4. CD-ROM Drive.
5. RAM
6. CPU
7. Heat sink / cooler / fan.
8. Mother board.

Fitting the Mother board.

1. Line up the patch on the motherboard ( ps/l, USB, etc ) with the appropriate
holes in the block panel I/O shield of the case.
2. Check the points where you and to install
3. Install them and make the mother board sit on them and fix screws if required.
Mother board parts:
1. ACR slot.
2. PCI Slot.
3. AGP Slot.
4. ATX Connectors.
5. CPU Fan.
6. Chipset North Bridge.
7. CPU socket.
8. System memory.
9. Chipset south bridge.
10. Panel connector.
11. Power supply.
12. IDE connectors.
ATX Connectors:
1. PS, Mouse.
2. Key board.
3. USB.
4. Parallel (Prints)
5. Serial COM1.
6. Serial COM 2.
7. Joystick.
8. Sound.

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Fitting the processor:
1. Raise the small lever at the side of the socket.
2. Notice that there is a pin missing at one corner, determine the direction to fit
in the processor.
3. You should not force the CPU. When inserting it. All pins should slide
smoothly into the socket.
4. Lock the lever back down.
5. Install the heat sink over it (Different type for each processor). Heat sink /
CPU fan.
Fitting the RAM:
1. The RAM must be suitable for motherboard.
2. There are currently 3 types of RAM available.
a) SD RAM.
b) DDR SD RAM.
c) RD RAM.
3. The mother board’s chipset determines which type of RAM may be used.
Installing the PCI Cards:
1. Most of the cards are inbuilt these days.
2. NIL, Sound Cards etc. are fitted into PCI slots.
Fitting the hard disk and Floppy disk:
1. Place the floppy and hard disks in their slots.
2. Leave some space above HDD to prevent heat building.
3. Check the jumper configuration.
4. Fix the screws.
Installing the CD-ROM Drives:
1. CD-ROM drive is similar to installing a hard disk.
2. 1ST check that the jumper configuration is correct.
3. Fix the screw.
Connecting the Cables:-
1. Attach the long end of the cable to the IDEU connector on the motherboard
first.
2. The red stripe on the IDE cable should be facing the CD Power.
Powering the driver and motherboard:
Connecting the cables for the case front pane
1. SD, SPK or SPEAK: The loud speakers o/p. it has 4 pins.
2. RS, RE, RS or RESET: Connect the two pin Reset cable here.
3. PWR, PW, PWSW, PS or power SW: Power switch, the pc’s on (switch, the
plug is two pin ).
4. PWLED, PWRLED or Power LED: The light emitting diode on the front panel

27
 of the case illuminates when the computer is switched on. It’s a 2-pin cable.
5. HD, HDD, and LED: These two pins connect to the cable for the hard disk
activity LED.
Final Check:-
1. Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor
operator.
2. Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?
3. Are the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in there
sockets?
4. Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
5. Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips?
6. Are the drive secure?
7. Have u connected the power cables to all driver?
Powering up for the first time:
1. Ensure that no wires are touching the CPU heat sink fan.
2. Plug your monitor, mouse and keyboard.
3. Plug in power card and switch the power supply.
4. If everything is connected as it should be
● All system, fans should start spinning.
● U should hear a single beep and after about 5-10 sec.
● Amber light on monitor should go green.
● You will see computer start to boot with a memory check.
● Now check front LED’S to see if u plugged them in correctly.
● Check all other buttons.
● Power afford change any wrong settings.
Viva Questions:
1) Define assembling of a system?
2) Explain the steps involved in the installation of the mother board>
3) What is the use of pin 1 indicated on the processor?
4) What is the use of locking level at the processor slot?
5) Define a port?
Answers:

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RUBRICS FOR ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING OF PC

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks) Score

Remove PC Student did not Student removed Student removed all

components remove any most components components
Remove all components successfully from successfully from
components from successfully from their PC. their PC.
the PC. their PC.
Identify Student correctly Student correctly Student correctly
Components identified less than 7 identified between 7 identified all
Identify all components from - 15 components components from
Components disassembled PC. from disassembled disassembled PC.
From PC.
Disassembled PC.
Assembly of PC Student correctly Student correctly Student correctly
Correctly install assembled most assembled most assembled all
all components components into components into components into PC.
into PC. PC. PC.
Application limited safety usually follows consistently follows
Safety procedures followed recognized safety safety procedures
when working with procedures when
electrical current working with
electrical current
Working with Rarely listens to, Often listens to, Almost always
others shares with, and shares with, and listens to, shares
supports the efforts supports the efforts with, and supports
of others. Often is of others, but the efforts of others.
not a good team sometimes is not a Tries to keep people
player. good team member. working well
together.
Total

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EX. NO 3: Installation of Operating Systems – Windows
Every student should individually install MS windows OS on the personal computer. Lab
instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS OS:

AIM: To install Windows 7 Operating System

BASIC FILE SYSTEMS:
 FAT: File Allocation Table.
 NTFS: New Technology File System. Format and create using NTFS partition

BASIC STEPS IN INSTALLATION:-

A clean install is intended for users who want to freshly install Windows on their
computer (by deleting all of the data on the hard disk and then installing Windows) or
computers that do not have an operating system yet.

1. Enter your computer's BIOS. Turn off the computer that you want to install
Windows on then turn it back on. When the BIOS screen appears or you are
prompted to do so, press Del , Esc , F2 , F10 , or F9 (depending on your computer’s

motherboard) to enter the system BIOS. The key to enter the BIOS is usually shown
on the screen.

2. Find your BIOS's boot options menu. The boot options menu of your BIOS may
vary in location or name from the illustration, but you may eventually find it if you
search around.
If you can't find the boot options menu, search the name of your BIOS (most likely
located in the BIOS menu) online for help.

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3 Select the CD-ROM drive as the first boot device of your computer.
Although this method may vary among computers, the boot options menu is
typically a menu of movable device names where you should set your CD-ROM drive
as the first boot device. It can also be a list of devices that you can set the order of
their boot on. Consult a manual or the internet for help if you're stuck.

4 Save the changes of the settings. Press the button indicated on the screen or
select the save option from the BIOS menu to save your configuration.

5. Shut off your computer. Either turn off the computer by choosing the shut-down
option in your current operating system, or hold the power button until the
computer powers off.

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6. Power on the PC and the insert the Windows 7 disc into your CD/DVD drive.
7. Start your computer from the disc. After you have placed the disc into the disc
drive, start your computer. When the computer starts, press a key if you are asked if
you would like to boot from the disc by pressing any key. After you choose to start
from the disc, Windows Setup will begin loading.
 If you are not asked to boot from the disc, you may have done something
wrong. Retry the previous steps to solve the problem.

8. Choose your Windows Setup options. Once Windows Setup loads, you'll be
presented with a window. Select your preferred language, keyboard type, and
time/currency format, then click Next.

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9. Click the Install Now button.

10. Accept the License Terms. Read over the Microsoft Software License Terms,
check I accept the license terms, and click Next.

11. Select the Custom installation.

12. Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install Windows on. A
hard drive is a physical part of your computer that stores data, and partitions "divide"
hard drives into separate parts.

33
  If the hard drive has data on it, delete the data off of it, or format it.
 Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
 Click Drive options (advanced).
 Click Format from Drive options.
 If your computer doesn't have any partitions yet, create one to install Windows
on it.
 Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
 Click Drive options (advanced).
 Select New from Drive options.
 Select the size, and click OK.
13. Install Windows on your preferred hard drive and partition. Once you've
decided on where to install Windows, select it and click Next. Windows will begin
installing.

Viva Questions:
1) NTFS stands for ?
2) What is the use of product key in the installation process of a software?
3) Installing - What does "upgrade" mean?
4) Write the procedures to create bootable disc?
5) Describe different kinds of Microsoft Operating systems?
6) What are the pre-arrangements for installing the windows OS?
7) What is virtual memo

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 Rubrics for Windows OS Installation:

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks) Score
Install Operating Student was Student was unable Student was unable
System unable to to successfully install to successfully install
Correctly install successfully the appropriate OS the appropriate OS
appropriate install the on the PC without on the PC without
Operating System appropriate OS close guidance and close guidance and
on the PC. assistance assistance
Install all device Identify and Identify and install identify and install
drivers install the the drivers on the PC; the drivers on the PC
Correctly identify drivers on the without close with very little
and install all PC. Student was guidance and supervision and
necessary device unable to assistance guidance
drivers successfully Student was able to
locate successfully locate
Install Windows Student was Student was able to Student was able to
Updates unable to install perform partial successfully update
Perform all Windows updates for Windows. Windows with all
Windows Updates. updates. available updates.
Install 3rd party Student was Student was able to Student was able to
software unable to install 3 4 of the six install all of the
Download and download and required applications. required applications.
install the install any of
following: the required
software.
1. Adobe Acrobat
2. Adobe Flash
3. Java, Browser
4. Free Antivirus
Timeliness Finished Finished installing Finished installing
installing operating system 11- operating system
operating 20 mins. after the before the given time
system 21 mins. given time. limit.
or further after
the given time.
Total

35
Ex. No 4:Installation of Operating Systems –LINUX
Every student should install Linux on the computer .This computer should have
windows installed. The system should be configured as dual boot with both windows
and Linux. Lab instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a viva.
AIM: To install Linux operating system(Ubuntu 12.04 LT)
PROCEDURE:
Ubuntu is one of the most popular and easy-to-use versions of Linux available, and
you can download and install it absolutely free. All you need is a CD burner and an
internet connection, and you can have Ubuntu up and running in just a few minutes.

1. Download the Ubuntu image. Ubuntu is available for free from the Ubuntu
website. It is downloaded in ISO format, which needs to be burned to a CD or DVD
before you can use it. Most newer computers (built after 2011) will use the 64-bit
version, while older computers will need the 32-bit version.

2. Burn the image to a disc. There are a variety of free image burning programs
available, and Windows 7, 8 and Mac OS X all have image burning capabilities built-
in.

 In Windows 7 and 8, navigate to the downloaded ISO file and double-click on it.
Insert a blank disc into your burner, and follow the on-screen instructions to
burn the disc

36
  In Mac OS X, open the Disk Utility. This is located in the Utilities folder, in your
Applications folder. Insert your blank disc into your disc drive. Drag and drop the
ISO file into the left frame of Disk Utility. Select the ISO file in the frame and
click Burn.
3. Set your computer to boot from the CD/DVD drive. In order to install
Ubuntu, you will need to set your computer to boot from discs. This is
because the installation has to occur before your existing operating system is
loaded from the hard disk.
 When you reboot your computer, press the BIOS setup key to enter your
BIOS menu. In the Boot section, select your CD/DVD drive as the primary
boot device. Once you have it set, save and exit the BIOS. Your computer
will reset again.
 In Windows 8, hold the Shift key while clicking Restart in the Power menu.
This will reboot the computer into the Advanced Startup Options. From
here, you can choose to boot from a CD or DVD.

4. Try Ubuntu before you install. If you’d like to take Ubuntu for a test drive before
you commit to installing it, you can run Ubuntu directly from the installation CD
without making any changes to your computer. Click the “Try Ubuntu” button to
test it out.

37
5. Start the installation process. Click the Install Ubuntu button to begin the
installation. If you are trying out Ubuntu before installing, you can start the
installation by opening the Install file on the test desktop.
 You will need around 5 GB of free space on your computer to install Ubuntu.
 Installation works best if you are connected to the internet. The easiest way to do
this is to plug an Ethernet cable directly into your computer from the router.
 You can also connect to a wireless network if Ubuntu recognizes your wireless
adapter.

6. Check the boxes in the “Preparing to install Ubuntu” window. Ubuntu can
automatically download updates during the installation, and can install software
that will allow you to play MP3 files and Flash video (YouTube). Installing these
updates and software during installation will save you a significant amount of time
and headaches when the operating system is installed.

38
7. Choose your installation type. You can choose to install Ubuntu alongside your
existing operating system, you can replace your existing operating system, or you
can create new partitions yourself. If you choose to install alongside your existing
operating system, you will be given the option to set how much space is allocated
for each operating system.
 If your computer doesn’t have an operating system installed yet, you will need
to select “Something else” and create a partition to install Ubuntu on. Make
sure that the partition is formatted as Ext4.
 If you install Ubuntu alongside your existing operating system, you will be
given the option to choose your operating system every time your computer is
rebooted.
 If you replace your existing operating system with Ubuntu, you will lose all of
your files and programs. Make sure that you have everything backed up that
you want to save.

8. Select your user options. Ubuntu will ask for your location in order to set
the correct timezone. If you are connected to the internet, this should
happen automatically. You will also need to select your keyboard layout,
which is typically automatically picked for you.

39
9. Select a username and password. In the “Who are you?” window, you will need to
enter your name, your computer’s name, and a username and password that you
will use to log in. You will need the password when making administrative changes
to the computer as well.

10. Wait for the installation to complete. Once you have set your options, Ubuntu
will begin to install. This can take 30 minutes or more depending on your
computer’s speed. Tips for using Ubuntu will be displayed above the progress bar.
Once the installation is complete, you will be prompted to reboot your computer.
Ubuntu is ready to use.

 If you have multiple operating systems installed, you will be given the option to
choose the one you want to load when your computer starts.

40
 If you don’t have any other operating systems installed, Ubuntu will begin
automatically.
Viva Questions:
1) Give the advantages of Linux over other OS?
2) What do you mean by open source OS?
3) What do you mean by dual boot systems?
4) Where the all directories are stored in Linux
5) Which command is used to make directory
6) Which command is used to change directory
7) Which command is used to copy from one file to another file?
8) Which command is used to move data from one file to another file?

41
 Rubrics for Linux OS Installation:
Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks) Score
Install Student was Student was unable to Student was unable
Operating unable to successfully install the to successfully
System successfully install appropriate Operating install the
Correctly install the appropriate System on the PC appropriate
appropriate Operating System without close Operating System
Operating guidance and on the PC without
assistance close guidance and
System on the
assistance
PC.
Install all device Identify and install Identify and install the Identify and install
drivers the drivers on the drivers on the PC; the drivers on the
Correctly identify PC. Fair Student Without close PC with very little
and install all was unable to guidance and supervision and
necessary device successfully locate assistance. Student guidance
drivers was able to
successfully locate
Install Windows Student was Student was able to Student was able to
Updates unable to install perform partial successfully update
Perform all Windows updates. updates for Windows. Windows with all
Windows available updates.
Updates.
Install 3rd party Student was Student was able to Student was able to
software unable to install 3 4 of the six install all of the
download and required applications. required
install any of the applications.
required software.
Timeliness Finished installing Finished installing Finished installing
operating system operating system 11- operating system
21 mins. or further 20 mins. after the before the given
after the given given time. time limit.
time.
Total

42
Ex. No 5:Hardware Troubleshooting

It is a process of sorting out the problems.

The set of steps we follow during trouble shooting are:
a) Identify the problem.
b) Identify the set of solutions.
c) Analyze any one solution which is less costly and more efficient.
d) Apply the solution.
e) Test the output.
Trouble shooting is generally of 2 types:
1) Hardware troubleshooting:deals with the process of eliminating bugs related to PC
components.
2) Software trouble shooting:refers to removal of problems rising due to system
software or application software.

HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTING:
The list of techniques under this are:
 Hard disk troubleshooting
 Monitor troubleshooting
 Modem troubleshooting
 Keyboard troubleshooting.

a) HARD DISK TROUBLESHOOTING

It contains platters, head arms, classes and headaqualators. Most of the HDDS are
connected by either the ATA(i.e.; another name for IDE) or we use SCSI(small
computer system interphase) cables.

The difference between SCSI and IDE is

 Using IDE we can connect almost two hard disks
 Using SCSI we can connect 7to 15 hard disks
 Maintenance of SCSI is very difficult when compared to IDE
 The cost of SCSI is more compared to IDE.
Problems related to Hard disk
 If the HDD is not detected inside the configurations
 If the system files on the hard disk drive are missing or if they because
corrupt.
 The computer does not boot up when turned on.

43
Solutions related to hard disk
 Check whether HDD is physically available or NOT.
 Check if the bias is connected to the hard disk and if it is detected.
 On the existing hard disk make sure that you scan the disk very well using
the current version of antivirus
 Make sure that you setting up a disk or charge of its partitions.

b) MONITOR TROUBLESHOOTING:
Which is physically connected to video cards like TV monitor also contains CRT
(cathode ray tube).CRT contains 3guns, red, green and blue. These guns stream
electrons from left to right.
Set of troubleshooting etc:

PROBLEM: If the picture is not visible

SOLUTION: Check the signal cable is into the power socket or not.
Set of troubleshooting steps are: Check if the signal cable is connected
to graphic admor.
Check brightness of the screen.

PROBLEM: If the screen is too bright or dark.

SOLUTION: Check the brightness value. Check if the specified voltage is applied or
not. Check if the frequency is horizontal as well as vertical.

PROBLEM: If the screen is blurred

SOLUTION: More all the objects that emit magnetic field away. Check whether the
specified is applied or not.Check if the signal timing of system is with in
the specification.

MONITOR ICONS:
 Power
 Brightness
 Contrast
 Horizontal size
 Vertical size
 Full screen
 Degauss(de magnetizers the crt)
 Comer(user can more the picture)
 Monitor status
 Language

44
c) MODEM TROUBLESHOOTING:
We can call a modem as translator, demodulator, which describes a method by
which digital data is converted to analog while receiving the data by the
computer it is converted to digital from analog.
There are 2 types of modem which are available they are RJ11 and RJ45.RJ11
consists of 6 pins and RJ45 of 8 pins.
Steps of troubleshooting for modem are:
 Check the telephone cable connections 10 feet or less than contain a RJ11
cable connection.
 Check to ensure that you are plugged to the correct modem jack i.e; RJ45
will not fit in RJ11 but RJ11 will fit into RJ45.
 Check for the error message i.e wrong user name and password the contact
your ISP (Internet service provider)for the correct account settings.
 Reduce your port speed in your modem settings.
 Check the initialization settings
 Use hyper terminal on another tool to test the modem.

d) KEYBOARD TROUBLESHOOTING:
 If the keyboard is not working then check if the keyboard cable is inserted
properly in the connector on the motherboard.
 Swap a non-functional keyboard with a functioning one.

Check if the cable is twisted or damaged.

Other Hardware Issues:

1. Disk Boot Failure

2. S.M.A.R.T Command Failed
3. Automatic Restart of your Computer
4. Fix MBR issues
5. Hide computer Hard disk Drive
6. How to Change Computer Hard Disk Drive Letters
7. Protect your PC from Over heating
8. Use Flash Memory (USB Memory) as Virtual RAM
9. Problems in booting computer in safe mode
10. Connect two Systems using USB cable
11. Bios Backdoor Passwords for Laptops
12. Reset Bios Passwords

45
Viva Questions:
1) Define trouble shooting?
2) Mention a few problems associated with Modem.
3) What is the function of a modem?
4) What are the different key board problems?
5) Give the preventive measures for better computer utilization?

46
 A Generic Rubric in Troubleshooting Computer-Related Devices
Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling
Scor
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
e
Safeness Not utilized the Not utilized the Utilized the safety
safety handling of safety handling of handling of all tools and
tools or equipment tools or equipment equipment during
thrice or more once during laboratory
during laboratory. laboratory.
Familiarity No part of the device Some parts of the Recognized all the parts
is recognized at all. device are not of the device correctly.
recognized correctly

Preparation Not well prepared. Prepared for event. Thoroughly prepared for
Had most tools, but Had to borrow one event. Had all necessary
borrowed some item. Seemed to be tools and equipment.
items. No clear plan guessing at Showed clear plan for
of attack. troubleshooting troubleshooting and
steps. moved through work
efficiently. Kept work area
neat and tidy.
Diagnosis/ Had to ask for help, Problem identified Problem quickly identified
Resolution but with minor and resolved, but and resolved.
guidance, resolved took many failed
issue. attempts.
Timeliness Finished 21-30 Finished 1-10 mins. Finished before the
mins. or further after the declared declared time.
after the declared time.
time.
Total

47
Ex. No 6: Software Troubleshooting

Students have to be given a malfunctioning CPU due to system software problems.

They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working
condition. The work done should be verified by the instructor and followed up by the
viva.

AIM: Software troubleshooting

PROCEDURE:

 Error messages encountered during boot before Windows loads

Ensure that your computer BIOS settings are correctly configured to the hardware
that is installed in your computer
1. Issues and questions related to the Windows taskbar.
2. Information about the Taskbar.

 Verify Auto hide is not activated by following the below steps

1. Press CTRL + ESC or your Windows key to make Start menu appear
2. Click Settings and choose Taskbar & Start menu
3. Verify that Auto Hide is not checked

 If Auto Hide is not enabled move the task bar up by following the below steps

Press CTRL + ESC or your Windows key to make Start menu appear
Try to notice where the Start menu appeared; generally, it should be the bottom left
corner.
Press ESC. You should now notice a small gray line at the location of where the start
was.

 Issues and questions related to Rundll

Rundll and rundll32 enable users to run a DLL file as an application.

Below are some examples of how the rundll.exe rundll32.exe files can be
used in Microsoft Windows to perform numerous windows commands from
the command prompt. Because of the different versions of rundll and
rundll32, not all of the below options will work. If rundll or rundll32

48
encounter an error, it is possible that the command will fail without any error
messages.

 Shutdown, restart, logoff, and/or poweroff the computer

Users can shutdown Windows through the command line using rundll32 and the
shell32.dll file.

 Additional information and help with the boot.ini:

The "boot.ini" is a Microsoft initialization. This file is always located on the
root directory of the primary hard disk drive. In other words, it is located at
"C:\" directory or the "C Drive". This file is used by Microsoft Windows as a
method of displaying a menu of operating systems currently n the computer
and allowing the user to easily select which operating system to load. In
addition, this file is also used to point to the locations of each of the
operating systems.

Basic example of the boot.ini file:

[boot loader]
timeout=5
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP
Home
Edition" /fastdetect

In the above example, the boot.ini contains two sections, the "[boot loader]",
and "[operating systems]". Within the boot loader section there are two lines.
The "timeout" line is used for how long the boot menu time should be
displayed, in seconds; we recommend that the timeout be set to at least five if
you wish the computer to boot faster and commonly use the default
operating systems. The "default" line is the default operating system that the
boot.ini will load. If multiple operating systems are in the boot.ini, the default
operating system will be automatically selected and used if the user does not
specify a different operating system by the time the timeout value expires.

How to modify the boot.ini:

The boot.ini file is a hidden system file located in the root directory of your
primary hard disk drive. To edit this file we recommend you follow the below
steps.

1. From Windows, open an MS-DOS prompt by clicking "Start"

and then "Run" and typing "cmd" in the text box. If you are

49
 not able to get into a MS-DOS prompt to edit the boot.ini
file, boot into the recovery console to edit the file.
2. At the MS-DOS prompt, type:
c: <press enter>
cd\ <press enter>
attrib -r -a -s -h boot.ini <press enter>
edit boot.ini <press enter>

 Windows restarts without warning

This issue could be caused by any of the below possibilities

1. Software issue or error
2. Hardware issue or error
3. Heat related issue.
4. Computer virus.
5. Issue with operating system.

 Error messages while windows loading

1. If you have recently installed or changed something that could have caused normal
windows to stop loading, try loading the last known good configuration
2. If you are unable to get into Normal windows and believe that removing or
uninstalling a program or changing a setting may help enable you to get into
windows, boot the computer into Windows OS safe mode
3. If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently has been experiencing the
issue you are encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to
an earlier date

Other error messages that occur while windows is loading or after windows is
loaded
1. If error occurs but windows still loads, verify no issues or conflict exits in device
manager
2. Ensure that if programs are loading automatically that these errors are not
associated with these programs
3. Make sure Windows OS is up to date by checking Microsoft windows update page
4. If your computer has virus protection installed make sure that it is up to date and
that no virus are being detected
5. If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently has been experiencing the
issue you are encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to
an earlier date

Viva questions:
1) Define a software
2) How to perform BIOS update?

50
3) What are the general software problems we encounter?
4) Define virus
5) What is the minimum free space required?
6) What are the reasons for slow running ?

51
 Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks) Score
Tools for Student was Student was able to Student was able to
Software unable to identify identify the tools successfully identify
Comparability . the tools needed needed to resolve the tools needed to
to resolve software issues. resolve software
software issues. Student was unable issues. Student was
to briefly describe the successfully able to
approach. briefly describe the
approach and to
resolving these issues.
Identify the Students discuss Students recognize Students describe
the common the common software strategies for
Software
software problems problems and identifying, solving
problems and identify the identify the strategies and preventing
strategies for for troubleshooting software problems.
troubleshooting software
software issues
Meets The program is The program The program meets
Computational produces produces correct all of the
Specifications incorrect results, results for most computational
has several bugs computational specs, specifications
has a few bugs
Displays The program does The program displays The program displays
not display results clearly and results very clearly
Output
results correctly meets many of the and intuitively, and
Correctly and does not meet display specifications meets all display
most display specifications
specs
Reusability The code is not Some parts of the The code could be
organized for code could be reused reused as a whole and
reusability in other programs each routine could be
reused
Total

52
Ex.No 7:Providing Internet connectivity

Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and access the Internet. In
the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally, students should demonstrate,
to the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there are no internet
connectivity preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on
the LAN

AIM: To learn Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they
configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally, students should demonstrate, to the instructor,
how to access the websites and email

THEORY:
The internet is a worldwide, publicly network of interconnected computer networks

Network Cables

Several standard types of network cables exist, each designed for specific
purposes.

Coaxial Cables

A Coaxial cable is a cable used in the transmission of

video, communications, and audio. This cable has high
bandwidths and greater transmission capacity. Most
users relate to a coaxial or coax cable as a cable used to
connect their TVs to a cable TV service. However, these
cables are also used in networks and what allow a
broadband cable Internet connection using a cable
modem. The picture is an example of a coaxial cable. As can be seen in this picture,
the cable is a thick cable with a metal male connector end that is screwed onto a
female connector.

Twisted-pair cable

A twisted-pair cable is a cable made by intertwining two separate insulated

wires. There are two twisted pair types: shielded and unshielded. A Shielded Twisted
Pair (STP) has a fine wire mesh surrounding the wires to protect the transmission;

53
an Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) do not. Shielded cable is
used in older telephone networks, as well as network and data
communications to reduce outside interference. The illustration
gives an example of how the inside of these looks.

Straight Through

A network cabling that connects a computer to a network

device. For example, straight through cables connect a
computer to a network hub, network switch, and network routers.

Crossover Cable

Networking cable that connects two computers or network devices directly to one
another. When purchasing this cable, the packaging must indicate that it's
a crossover cable for the required network interface; otherwise, it's likely a typical
straight through cable. Often, crossover cables are used to connect two computers
with network cards together without using a network hub, network router, or
network switch.

CAT5

Alternatively referred to as an Ethernet cable,

a CAT5 or Category 5 is a description of network
cabling that consists of four twisted pairs of
copper wire terminated by an RJ-45 connector.
Cat5 has a maximum length of 100m, exceeding
this length without the aid of bridge or other
network device could cause network issues. The picture shows an example of what a
CAT5 cable may look like with the connector, as well as the other end of the cable with
each of the wires it contains.

Fiber Optic Cable

A fiber optic cable defined in IEEE 802.8 is cable

that contains optical fibers (usually glass) coated in
plastic that are used to send data by pulses of light.
The coating helps protect the fibers from heat, cold,

54
electromagnetic interference from other types of wiring, as well as some protection
from ultraviolet rays from the sun. Fiber optics allow for a much faster data
transmission than standard copper wires, because they have a much
higher bandwidth. They are common amongst corporate networks or world-wide
networks, such as Internet backbones, because of the capabilities of the cable.

Networking Devices:

Hub

When referring to a network, a hub is the most basic

networking device that connects multiple computers or

other network devices together. Unlike a
network switch or router, a network hub has no routing
tables or intelligence on where to send information
and broadcasts all network data across each connection. Most hubs can detect
basic network errors such as collisions, but having all information broadcast to
multiple ports can be a security risk and cause bottlenecks. In the past, network hubs
were popular because they were cheaper than a switch or router. Today, switches do
not cost much more than a hub and are a much better solution for any network.

Switch

A switch is a piece of a physical circuitry component that governs

the signal flow. Having a switch or toggle switch allows a connection to be opened or
closed. When opened, the switch allows a signal or power to flow through the
connection. When closed, the switch stops the flow and breaks the circuit connection.

On a network, a switch is a hardware

device that filters and forwards network
packets, but often not capable of much
more A network switch is more advanced
than a hub but not as advanced as
a router. The picture shows an example of a NETGEAR5 port switch.

55
Router

A router is hardware device designed to receive,

analyze and move incoming packets to
another network. It may also be used to convert
the
packets to another network interface, drop them,
and perform other actions relating to a network.

A router has a lot more capabilities than other

network devices, such as a hub or a switch that
are only able to perform basic network functions. For example, a hub is often used to
transfer data between computers or network devices, but does not analyze or do
anything with the data it is transferring. By contrast, routers can analyze the data
being sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and send it to another network
or over a different network. For example, routers are commonly used in home
networks to share a single Internet connection between multiple computers.

In the above example, of a home network, there are two different types of a router: the
router and the wireless router. In this example, the router allows all the computers
and other network devices to access the Internet. The wireless router allows a laptop
to wirelessly connect to the home network and access the Internet as well. Below are
some additional examples of different types of routers used in a large network.

TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Collection of methods

used to connect servers on the internet and to exchange data.
HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language): The coding used to control the look of
documents on the web
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): Part of a url that identifies the location as one
that uses HTML
IP(Internet Protocol): A format for contents and addresses of packets of information
sent over the internet
IP ADDRESS: An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network

PROCUDURE:
● Goto start>control Panel
● open Network Connections
● Click create a new connection and then click next
● The new conection wizard window opens , click next to continue

56
 ● Choose one of the options in the next dialog box
● Choose one of the three options in the next dialog box
✓ If you do not have an internet account click choose from a list of ISPs
and then click next
✓ If you have an account click Set up my connection manually
✓ If you have a CD from the ISP click use the CD I got from an ISP and
then click next
● Follow the next steps as per the option you selected.

LAN Proxy Settings:

● select tools menu in Internet Explorer

● Select Internet Options
● Select Connections
● You end up in two options
✓ Dial-up and virtual network settings
✓ LAN setting
● The selection at this step is dependent on the kind of connection you are trying
to
configure. They are:
✓ Dial-up modem connection
✓ LAN connection
✓ DSL or Cable modem

Viva Questions:
1. What is subnet mask?
2. What do you mean by network?
3. Briefly describe NAT.
4. What is NIC?
5. What is a private IP address? Give some examples
6. What is DHCP?
7. What is Ping?
8. What is ipconfig?

57
58
RUBRICS FOR INTERNET CONNECTIVITY:

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
NIC Driver Install Student is unable to Student is unable to Student can access
Student knows how locate the NIC locate the NIC the manufacture
to access the proper manufacture or manufacture or website for their NIC
manufacture access the website access the website and successfully
website for their NIC online to conduct online to conduct completes a
and download the the install. the install. Learner download of their
driver to restore Learner cannot cannotexplaining NIC driver.
functionality. explain how to how to complete the
complete the task. task in written
format.
Check NIC Student is unable to Student is able to Student is able to
Settings access their local access local area access their local
Student is able to area connections, or connections. But area network, has
access their Local unable to enable confuses their local the proper TCP/IP
Area Network their NIC to verify NIC with their settings from their
Connection in order TCP/IP settings. wireless NIC, and ISP, and enable the
to verify TCP/IP does not know how NIC to verify their
Settings according to enable their NIC. TCP/IP settings.
to ISP requirements.
DNS Server Check Student did not Student was able to Student was able to
Studentis able to know how to access open the command open the command
access the the command prompt and knew prompt and execute
command prompt prompt or conduct a what the reverse the command for
and conduct a reverse look-up look-up command reverse look-up.
reverse look-up for command. was. However, they Learner used
www.google.com. were unable to www.google.com as
execute it correctly. the target for the
reverse look-up.
Learner did provide
step-by-step screen
shots.
Access and use Student did not Student was able to Student was able to
Command prompt know how to access open the command access the
the command prompt and knew command prompt
prompt and was the command to and execute the
unable to obtain IP obtain their IP command to obtain
address through the address. Learner their IP address.
command prompt. provided incomplete Learner also
No screen shots step-by-step screen provided step-by-
were provided. shots. step screen shots..
Total

59
Ex.No 8: Study of Modern Application Development

 HTML
 Wordpress
 drupal

Introduction to HTML &Basic syntax of html Attributes, elements, lists, and basic
programs.

AIM: Home page using HTML Consisting of photo, name, address and education
details as a table

THEORY

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language

Hypertext is the text stored in electronic form with cross-reference links between
pages.
Hypertext documents are written in languages called Markup Languages. HTML
(Hypertext
markup language) is one of such languages. It features hypertext links which can
transport you to a site or anywhere else in the world. The new document is located by
its URL and can be another HTML document, pictures, sound files, etc. HTML is
designed to be platform independent, not bound to a particular hardware or software
environment.

HTML Editors

HTML programs are written as plain, ASCII text files. Any text editor can work as
HTML
editor. Notepad is one of most widely used HTML editors around

Essentials for every HTML Page

An HTML tag is a coded command used to indicate how part of a Web page should be
displayed. In every HTML page, the words starting with <and ending with >are actually
called HTML tags because they tag pieces of text and tell the Web browser what kind
of text it is. This allows the Web browser to display the text appropriately.

Most HTML tags have two parts: an opening tag, to indicate where a piece of text
begins, and a closing tag, to show where the piece of text ends. Closing tags start with
a / (forward slash) just after the <symbol. Many tags also include attributes, in the
form attribute name = attribute value which adds options to that particular tag. Tags
may be in either upper case or lower case.

60
Every Web page created must include the following tags:

 <html> tag - Putting <html> at the very beginning of a document simply indicates
that this is a Web page. The </html> at the end indicates that the Web page is
over.
 <head> tag - Encloses the header of the document. Information that goes includes
title together with other information to make the page more search-engine friendly.
</head> is the ending tag.
 <title> tag - The header must include the this title tag, which contains the page
title. This title appears in the title bar of the browser and is used when saving
bookmarks. Only one title can appear in a document and the title cannot contain
links or highlighting. </title> is the ending tag.
 <body> tag - The <body> tag tells the Web browser where the actual body text of
the page begins, and </body> indicates where it ends. It contains all the text,
images, hyperlinks and other material to be displayed in the main display area of
the Web browser window. It has numerous attributes that control the default
colors and background properties for the page.

Other Important tags

Paragraph Tags
When a Web browser displays HTML pages, it pays no attention to line endings or
the number of spaces between words. To set apart a block of text as a paragraph, it
should be placed in between a pair of paragraph tags, <p> and </p>. Any text
places between these two tags will be set apart as a paragraph, with a blank line
above it and a blank line below it.
<p align=center>
The text here becomes a paragraph
</p>

This will centrally align the given text, leaving lines above and below it.

Break
Sometimes the user wants to force a line break in text without beginning a new
paragraph. For this break tag, <br> is used. The text which immediately follows
will jump to the next line. This tag does not have an ending tag.

Font Color
The use of font color tag is similar to the font size tag, except that the attribute
used here is
‘color’. For example,

<font color=red>Text to be effected here</font>

61
 Color name can also be replaced by six digit hexadecimal color code, which are
used to express amount of red, blue and green in any given color.

More Text Styling & Formatting Tags

The following tags can be used to add various styles to text.

 <font size=value> Defines the size of the font from 1 to 7 (with 1 being the
smallest.)
 <font face=value> Will display the text in the font face like (Times New
Roman, etc)
 <I>..</I> Usually puts it in italics.
 <b>..</b> Usually puts it in bold.
 <small> Small text
 <big> Big text
 <super> Superscript
 <sub> Subscript
 <strike> Strikethrough (draws a line through text)
 <u> Underline

Background Color, Text Color & Base Font

This command, bgcolor is used to change the background color and is added as RGB
code to
the existing body tag. By default background color of all WebPages is white. To change
the color of whole text in the body, text command is used as attribute in the body tag.
For example,

<body bgcolor=blue text=white>

This will write white text on a blue background.

Similarly, to set a single font for all the text in the body, use <basefont SIZE=5>just
after
the <BODY>tag. <basefont>is just a time-saving tag for setting the overall size of all
text in
a document. The size of all headings will also be relative to the <BASEFONT SIZE>.
This tag
can't take any attributes other than SIZE, and doesn't require a closing
</BASEFONT>tag.

The <hr> tag

The <hr>tag causes a horizontal rule line. Inserting a horizontal rule with the <hr>tag
also

62
causes a line break, even if a <br>tag in not included along with it. For a little extra
blank spaceabove or below a horizontal rule, a <p>tag before or after the <HR>tag can
be used. No ending tag is required. Various attributes like width, size, align, color, etc
can be used with to customizethe line. For example,

<hr width=50% align=left size 10 nonshade color=green>

HTML Links - Hyperlinks

HTML links are hyperlinks.

You can click on a link and jump to another document.
When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.

<a href="url">link text</a>

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML
tutorial</a>

HTML Images

Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page.

The browser expects to find the image in the same folder as the web page.
However, it is common to store images in a sub-folder. You must then include the
folder name in the src attribute:

<img src="/images/html5.gif"style="width:128px;height:128px;">

<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" >

Headings

For creating headings on WebPages a separate command heading, <h>is used.

Headings can
also be made by using font command and its size attributes, but heading command
can do it in asimpler way. For example, consider the following text without using
heading tag:

<p align=center><b><font size=6>welcome</font></b><p/>

With heading command it will reduce to the following piece of code:

<h1 align=center>welcome</h1>

The heading tags come in six unique sizes, ranging from <h1>to <h6>, with 6 being
the smallest. Beside align attribute, other attributes like color, etc can also be used
with the heading tag.

63
Example Program

<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Output:

For more details Read: https://www.w3schools.com/html/

EXERCISES

1. Write a complete HTML Web page with the title "Foo Bar Home Page" and a heading
at the top which reads "Happy Hour at the Foo Bar," followed by the words, "Come on
down!" in regular type.

64
2. Write the HTML to produce the following:
Come for cheap free H2O on May 7th at 9:00PM

3. a. Create a web Page using hreftag.when user clicks on the link it should go to the
bottom of the page.
b. create a web page of pink color and display moving message ”Welcome to Computer
Workshop Lab” in red color from Left to right

65
4. Design a presentation style for your Web pages using an external CSS. Use a
presentation style with three boxes as suggested in below Figure. Use <div> tags
with different classes to implement the boxes. (refer Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
topic).

5. a. Create a web page which should contain a table having two rows and two columns.
b. Fill in the data in the table created by you in question 5a.
c. Create the following table in HTML with Dummy Data

Time
Name of train Place Destination Train No. Fare
Arrival Departure

66
Rubrics for HTML Assessment:

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
The pages are The pages appear “busy” The pages are well
unattractive. Text is or “boring”. Text may be organized with tables.
Layout/
difficult to read. The difficult to read. The Text spacing and
Design
backgrounds are backgrounds are alignment make reading
distracting. somewhat distracting. easy. The backgrounds
enhance the page.
Graphics There are no photos, Photos are blurry or Photos, icons, and clip
icons or clip art or fuzzy; icons and clip art art are used creatively
they are do not “fit” with the and may follow a theme.
inappropriate or of topic. Too many pictures
low quality. make the download time
slow.
Information Information is Information could be Information is creatively
poorly written, better written and too written and cleverly
inaccurate, or much information is presented.
incomplete. given in each section.
Navigation/ The user may The user may become Links are created with
Links become lost or links confused when images and icons to
may be missing or navigating between enhance the text links.
not working. pages. Some links may
not work.
Creativity Minimal effort. Poor Was clever at times; Was extremely clever
layout/design. Did incorporated most of the and presented with
not incorporate attributes; used a limited originality. Excellent
required attributes, variety of appropriate layout/design work
graphics, did not graphics. incorporating all
resize pictures, required attributes,
inappropriate great variety of
graphics. appropriate graphics
that enhanced the
pages.
Total

67
8 b. Introduction to Wordpress and learn how to create a website using
wordpress.

Introduction:

WordPress is an open source Content Management System (CMS), which allows the
users to build dynamic websites and blog. WordPress is the most popular blogging
system on the web and allows updating, customizing and managing the website from
its back-end CMS and components.

you start with this tutorial, we are assuming that you are already aware about the
basics of HTML and CSS.

To learn about How to use Wordpress in detail, follow the link:

https://easywpguide.com/wordpress-manual/

Rubrics for Wordpress:

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
The pages are The pages appear “busy” The pages are well
unattractive. Text is or “boring”. Text may be organized with tables.
Layout/
difficult to read. The difficult to read. The Text spacing and
Design
backgrounds are backgrounds are alignment make reading
distracting. somewhat distracting. easy. The backgrounds
enhance the page.
Graphics There are no photos, Photos are blurry or Photos, icons, and clip
icons or clip art or fuzzy; icons and clip art art are used creatively
they are do not “fit” with the and may follow a theme.
inappropriate or of topic. Too many pictures
low quality. make the download time
slow.
Information Information is Information could be Information is creatively
poorly written, better written and too written and cleverly
inaccurate, or much information is presented.
incomplete. given in each section.
Navigation/ The user may The user may become Links are created with
Links become lost or links confused when images and icons to
may be missing or navigating between enhance the text links.
not working. pages. Some links may
not work.
Creativity Minimal effort. Poor Was clever at times; Was extremely clever
layout/design. Did incorporated most of the and presented with
not incorporate attributes; used a limited originality. Excellent
required attributes, variety of appropriate layout/design work
graphics, did not graphics. incorporating all
resize pictures, required attributes,
inappropriate great variety of
graphics. appropriate graphics
that enhanced the
pages.
Total

68
8c. Build a Website on Drupal

Drupal is one of the most powerful website building platforms on the internet.
However, it’s a bit complicated to set up your site with Drupal
So, before building a website with Drupal, we recommend you have some basic
knowledge of HTML, PHP, and other common web programming languages.

Benefits of Building a Website with Drupal

1. Improved performance. Drupal pages typically load more quickly and have
faster response times than those made with other website builders.

2. Highly customizable. It’s easy to customize with many widely available plug-
ins, themes and other configurable options to choose from. You can also edit
the root files directly, which is perfect for those developers who need to make
more significant changes.

3. Free. The Drupal software is free to download and install on your hosting
server.

How to Build a Website on Drupal: The Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1. Get Your Own Domain Name

Before you can build a website, you need a solid domain name. You see, your domain
name is a key element of your website. It can make or break you. It’s your “first
impression” to website visitors, and it defines your brand.

Here are a few tips to get you started:

 Keep it concise. When it comes to the length of your domain, the shorter the
better (aim for 6-14 characters).
 Think long-term. Keep your long-term vision in mind when choosing your
domain – because if you decide to change the domain in the future, it will cost
you money, branding, and SEO rankings.
 Easy to type and pronounce. Your visitors should be able to type and say your
domain name without a problem.
 Avoid hyphens and numbers. Your domain name should be smooth and
punchy, and hyphens and numbers get in the way of that

69
Step 2: Get a Web Hosting Service

Aside from a domain name, you’ll also need a hosting service. When choosing a hosting
service, you should consider 4 big factors:

1. Uptime. Uptime percentage shows how many times your site will be up and running.
We recommend you choose something that meets or exceeds the industry standard
of 99.90%.
2. Page load speed. You should choose a host that loads faster than 850ms, which is
the current average.
3. Customer support. You’ll have to sort out issues with support at some point – so you
should choose a host that has quality and responsive customer support.
4. Price. Hosting services vary widely on price. Choose the one that you can afford and
also that has satisfactory ratings on the first 3 factors.

Step 3. Download and Install Drupal

Downloading and installing Drupal is a fairly straightforward process

Step 4. Choose a Compelling Title for Your Site

Okay, now it’s time to dive into Drupal and actually start building your website. When
you get started with Drupal, you’ll have the boring, “My Site” title.

You should change this to the name of your site, and add a compelling slogan
underneath it as well.
To change the site name, go to “Configuration” -> “Site Information“. In the Site Name
field, enter the name of your site.

Make sure the email address you entered during installation is shown in the “Email
field“. Save all your changes and navigate back to the site home page—you may need
to refresh the page to see the changes.

70
Step 4. Choose an Eye-Catching Theme

The original Drupal theme is a bit bland – so you may want to switch it up. Here’s how
you can find additional themes from the Drupal site:
 Navigate to the “Appearance” menu
 Click “Install New Theme”
 Click “Themes” and you’ll be taken to this page with over 2,300 themes to
choose from
But with so many themes, you may be a bit overwhelmed.

Step 5. Create an Informative “About Me” Page

Your “About Me” is likely to become one of the most useful and popular pages on your
blog. We’ll talk about how to write the page in a second though. First, let’s talk about
how to set up the page.

1. Simply navigate to “Content” -> “Add Content” -> “Basic Page

2. Type “About Me” in the title and add relevant information in the body.

3. To get the About page to appear in the main menu, check the box “Provide A
Menu Link” under Menu Settings. Save the page and you should be able to see
About Me in the main menu.

4. To change the order of the items, navigate to “Structure” -> “Menus” -> “Main
Menu”. The items can be shifted around by grabbing the little crosses with the
mouse and dragging them up or down.

You can create other simple pages on your website with this same process.

71
Step 7. Add Contributed Modules

Drupal has a loyal, supportive community. One of the benefits of that community is
that they contribute excellent modules to the Drupal system. You can find the whole
list of the contributed modules here: https://www.drupal.org/project/project_module.

Here’s how you can add modules:

1. Download the zip or tar file to your hard drive.

2. Use your FTP client to upload them to the “sites/all/modules” directory of the
Drupal installation on your webhost.
3. Unzip the files.
4. GO to the Admin/Modules section to enable the new modules
Similar to themes, there are many modules to choose from.

Admin Menu Module

With the default “Toolbar”, you’ll waste time loading a ton of pages just to get to a
single admin function. But you can avoid this with the Admin Menu Module. This
module gives you cool drop-down menus of the entire admin area. Simply turn off the
existing “Toolbar” then activate the Admin Menu Module.

CKEditor Module

Drupal does not provide a default WYSIWYG text editor. WYSISYG stands for What
You See Is What You Get, which provides a visual HTML text area editor, similar to
popular word processors. This makes text more visually appealing and easier to
format.

Here’s how to make this module work:

1. Install the Drupal Module, and download the standalone CKEditor from the
download section at CKEditor.com.

2. Unpack those contents in the sites/all/modules/ckeditor/ckeditor directory on

your Drupal site.

IMCE Module

Every post looks better with images – and that’s where this module comes in handy. It
helps you add images to posts.
Here’s how to make this module work:

 Install and enable IMCE.

72
  Go to “Configure –> Content Authoring –> CKEditor –> Profiles –> Advanced –>
Edit –> File Browser Settings”.
 Select IMCE from the dropdown menus for the link dialog window, image dialog
window, and flash dialog window.
 Save the settings.

Token Module

Tokens are little sections of text that are placed via a placeholder system. With Drupal
7, much of the functionality of the Token module has been written into Drupal core,
but some modules still require it, like the Pathauto module.

Pathauto Module

Drupal’s built-in Path module lets you create better URLs by hand. This is annoying to
do manually for every post, and Pathauto relieves that drudgery.

You can assign custom replacement patterns and user account page paths so the
URLs match your SEO and usability standards. But remember: Pathauto requires the
Token module.

Views Module

Drupal 8 is the next version Drupal 7. Views has been incorporated into Drupal 8, but
is a great addition for any Drupal 7 installation. Views lets you display content in a
variety of forms, from simple lists to image slideshows. In doing so, you can keep
things interesting for your audience.

It’s a little more complicated than other modules, but after working with it a little, you
will get a sense of its power and possibilities. Views for Drupal 7 requires you to also
add the Chaos Tools Suite module, which you’ll see below.

73
Chaos Tools Suite Module

Chaos Tools Suite, AKA Ctools, is required to use the Views module. But that’s not the
only reason you should get it.
It also has some useful features on its own. For example, you can start to create your
own modules, as well as forms, dialog boxes, sanitize CSS, pluggable content types,
and more.

Quicktab Module

Ever see those cool tabbed boxes on the big websites that list recent and popular
content? Quicktabs creates great tabbed views, nodes and blocks quickly and easily
without writing custom JavaScript.
After installing and enabling the module, you’ll find a Quicktabs selection under the
Structure menu.

74
Step 8. The Blocks

 Once you have the key contributed modules in place, you may want to add a sidebar
with “Blocks” of different features.
 Blocks are the boxes of content (such as “User Login” or “Who’s Online”) that can be
displayed in the header, footer, sidebar, and other regions on your page.

 Once you create a Block, you can adjust its appearance, shape, size, and position, as
well as which website page it appears on.
 Here’s a type of Block content you might want to add: Recent Content.
 And here’s how you add it:

1. Navigate to Structure Blocks. You’ll see some Blocks disabled here.

2. Locate the “Recent Content” Block and look across to the Region column.
3. Choose the region where you want the content to be located (there are several regions to
choose from, and they vary by theme).
4. Save the Blocks page and navigate back to the front page.
5. To add content, click Add New Content, click Article and add a title, fill in pertinent tags
and add text to the body.

75
 6. Save the article and navigate back to the main site. You’ll see your article appear as
well as the block with Recent Content.

Step 9. Consider Other Resources

The first 7 steps will give you a solid foundation for building a website on Drupal.

But keep in mind – while Drupal is powerful, it takes some patience to harness that power. The
learning process takes time – and the best way to learn is to play around with the tools and the
system.

So, back your database up often and have some fun working with Drupal.

76
Rubrics for Drupal:

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
The pages are The pages appear “busy” The pages are well
unattractive. Text is or “boring”. Text may be organized with tables.
Layout/
difficult to read. The difficult to read. The Text spacing and
Design
backgrounds are backgrounds are alignment make reading
distracting. somewhat distracting. easy. The backgrounds
enhance the page.
Graphics There are no photos, Photos are blurry or Photos, icons, and clip
icons or clip art or fuzzy; icons and clip art art are used creatively
they are do not “fit” with the and may follow a theme.
inappropriate or of topic. Too many pictures
low quality. make the download time
slow.
Information Information is Information could be Information is creatively
poorly written, better written and too written and cleverly
inaccurate, or much information is presented.
incomplete. given in each section.
Navigation/ The user may The user may become Links are created with
Links become lost or links confused when images and icons to
may be missing or navigating between enhance the text links.
not working. pages. Some links may
not work.
Creativity Minimal effort. Poor Was clever at times; Was extremely clever
layout/design. Did incorporated most of the and presented with
not incorporate attributes; used a limited originality. Excellent
required attributes, variety of appropriate layout/design work
graphics, did not graphics. incorporating all
resize pictures, required attributes,
inappropriate great variety of
graphics. appropriate graphics
that enhanced the
pages.
Total

77
Ex.No 9:Configuring Firewalls and installation of Antivirus software
Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked
to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install an anti
virus software, configure their personal firewall and windows update on their
computer. Then they need to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active x
downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms

PURPOSE: To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be
safe on the internet.

THEORY: Antivirus:

Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that
you purchase and install yourself. It protects your computer against most viruses,
worms, Trojan horses and other unwanted invaders that can make your computer
sick.

Firewall:

A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer

network from unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a
network gateway server which protects the resources of the private network from
users from other networks.

Software firewalls

Software firewalls are designed to protect a computer by

blocking certain programs from sending and receiving
information from a local network or the Internet. The image to
the right shows the icon for Windows Firewall, an example of
a firewall software program.

Hardware firewalls

Hardware firewalls are found on most network routers and

can be configured through the router setup screen. The
image shows the ZyXELZyWALL, which is a Unified
Security Gateway with a firewall and other security
features.

PROCEDURE:

Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:

● Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive

78
 ● Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe
● The installer will open
● Click next to proceed
● License agreement will open . Click I accept the terms of the license
agreement and then click next.
● Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.
Get Computer Updates:
● Click start> settings>control panel
● Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialog box
● Check the box Keep my computer up to date
● Choose a setting
● Click OK
Block Pop ups:
● In the IE open tools>pop-up blocker
● Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker
Windows Firewall:
● Go to Start>control panel>Network and Internet
Connections>windows firewall
● In the general tab check the On(recommended) box
● If you don’t want any exceptions check on Don’t allow exceptions box

Viva Questions:

1) What is antivirus software?

2) Define virus
3) Define worm
4) What are the advantages of antivirus software?
5) What are the types of antivirus software’s available?

79
RUBRICS FOR Configuring Firewalls and installation of Antivirus software

Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score

(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
Does the student Student doesn’t Student partially Student knows the
understandtherole know the role of knows the role of role of firewall and
of firewalls. firewall. firewall. rules for
configuring firewall
successfully.
Configure the Student was not Student was Student was able to
physical able to configure partially able to configure the
connectivity of the the physical configure the physical
firewall which connectivity. physical connectivity.
protects a client connectivity.
workstation. -
Install Antivirus Student was Student was Student was able to
Correctlyinstall unable to unable to successfully install
appropriate successfully successfully install the appropriate
Antivirus on the PC. install the the appropriate Antivirus with very
appropriate Antivirus on the PC little supervision
Antivirus. without close and guidance
guidance and
assistance
Install Updates Student was Student was able to Student was able to
Perform all antivirus unable to install perform antivirus successfully update
Updates. antivirus updates with the the antivirus with
updates. guidance. all available
updates.
Timeliness Finished Finished installing Finished installing
installing operating system operating system
operating system 11-20 mins. after before the given
21 mins. or the given time. time limit.
further after the
given time.
Total

80
Ex.No 10:Introduction to office automation software in MS Office

Features to be covered: MS WORD -Formatting Fonts in word, Applying Text effects,

Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using
Date and Time options, Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering,
Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check
and Track Changes. Table of content, Newspaper columns, Images from files and
clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs.
Table of content, Newspaper columns, Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar
and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs.

THEORY:

1. Page Layout
2. Create Header and Footer:
3. Border:
4. Font/Background Color:
5. Changing Text direction:
6. Text/Cell Alignment:
7. Usage of Table
8. Inserting Hyper link:
9. Usage of Symbol:
10. Spell check:
11. Inserting Bullets and Numbering:
12. Formatting Styles:
13. Basic formatting features of an image
14. Resize a drawing
15. Text Box:
16. Paragraphs:
17. Change line spacing
18. Find /Replace
19. Change paragraph direction
20. Track Changes:
21. Newspaper columns:

Note: Refer Flipped Learning Content or Youtube videos for the above Word functions

Viva Questions:

1) What is the functionality of print payout view?

81
2) How can you insert a picture from another file?
3) How can you customize a mail merge?
4) Write the Procedures to create a mail merge letter:
5) Write the Procedure to create simple newsletter: example

82
 Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
Formatting Little or no attempt Some formatting All Formatting requirements
and was made to utilize requirements met met Landscape, 2 columns,
Appearance graphics. Does not line down the middle, Tabs
meet the minimum set with Leader 2 or 3.
required.

Graphics Little or no Graphics are present Clip Art Graphics are

attempt was made but not resized or present, resized and
to utilize graphics. arranged properly. arranged. Exceeds the
Meets the minimum number required.
number required.

No attempt was Layout shows some Layout is visually pleasing

Layout made to complete structure. Appears to the eye. Appropriate use
this aspect of the cluttered, busy, of titles and spacing.
project. distracting. Large
gaps of empty space

Finishing and No attempt was Did not follow Project was printed
Submitting made to complete finishing directions according to directions.
Techniques this aspect of the correctly
project.
Use of Time Did not use class Focused on getting Used time well during each
in class time to focus on the project done, but class period. Focused on
the project. was occasionally getting the project done. Did
distracted or not distract others. Helped
distracted others. others.

Total

83
Excel:

Calculating GPA-Features to be covered-Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average,

std. deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Sorting, Hyper linking,
Count Function, split cells, freeze panes, Boolean and logical operators, Conditional
formatting, Interactive Buttons, Data Protection.

Formulae in Excel:
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar. Click on
programs and then on Microsoft excel. Then open a new document. Give the main
heading and subheading by changing the size so that they look in block letters. Enter
the data. To calculate go to Insert menu in the menu bar and then click on function
and then ok. Then select the data to which you want to calculate mean. Then you get
the required answer. In same way, sample means standard deviation lower count limit
and upper count limit. Go to insert menu and click on function and select the
required operation to be done and select the data and calculate. Formulas for all the
above are given below.

Mean = (s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5)/5;

Sample mean = avg (mean)

Standard deviation = (mean, sample, mean)
Sample standard deviation= avg (Standard deviation)
Lower count limit = sample mean – sample standard deviation.
Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample Standard deviation

Example:
Study how to use the following formulas/functions which is used in MS Excel.
Sum =SUM (number1, [number2], [number3], =SUM(A1:A10)
...)
MAX =MAX(A1: A10) , =MIN(A1:
/MIN A10)
IF =IF (logical_test, [value_if_true], =IF(C6>=70, "PASS", "FAIL")
[value_if_false])
SUMIF =SUMIF (range, criteria) =SUMIF(A1: A10,”>35”)
COUNTIF =COUNTIF (range, criteria) =COUNTIF(A1:A10,">32")
// count cells greater than 32
Average =AVERAGE(range) =AVERAGE(A1: A10)
round =ROUND (number, num_digits) =ROUND (A5,2)
Rank =RANK (number, array, [order]) =RANK(B2,$B$2:$B$11)

Study the following Excel functions

1. Sorting:
2. Conditional Formatting

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 3. Page Layout
4. Spread the content of one cell over many cells (Merge Cells)
5. Split/ merged cells
6. Filters
7. Chart
8. Freeze Panes
9. Interactive Buttons
10. Data Protection
Note: Refer Flipped learning Content or Youtube videos for the above Excel functions
Viva questions:
1) Explain about pivot table reports
2) What is the use of Macros
3) Define template
4) How can you open protection tool in excel?
5) How can you check errors in excel?
6) List a few important features of excel
7) Define split cell
8) How can you split a window into a horizontal pane?
9) How can you make a freezing pane?
10) How to perform grouping and ungrouping?

85
RUBRICS FOR EXECL
Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
Information/ Several required Most of the required All required & additional
Content content elements content is entered, applicable information
are missing. Most although applicable beyond requirements is
instructions are content above entered & all instructions
not followed. requirements is are followed completely.
missing. Most
instructions are
followed completely.
Organization Information is Information Information is very well
/ Formatting poorly organized. organization is fair, organized by using
Appropriate using standard appropriate advanced
formatting such as formatting tools. formatting, including
appropriate labels Some labels or other shading, alignment tools,
& column/row important formatting borders, special fonts,
widths & height tools are missing. appropriate labels,
are not used. appropriate column/row
height & width
Data Entry, Several errors. Some data required All data required is
Computation Some required is missing. Several entered with 100%
s, & data may be errors in formula accuracy. 100% use of
Formulas missing. No calculations correct applicable
formulas are used. formulas as required.
Visual Spreadsheet is Spreadsheet is Spreadsheet is attractive,
Appearance VERY difficult to somewhat difficult to easy to read & all
& Output read & find read. A few pieces of required information
information. Major important printed (nothing cut off).
information has information are
been omitted. omitted.
Chart(s) - IF Chart is missing Chart is missing Chart is complete &
APPLICABLE significant pieces some data. Chart shows ALL required data.
of data & has no may be missing Best choice of chart type
titles, labels or titles, labels, or a is used. Labels, titles &
legend. legend. legend are included, along
with creative use of color
& enhanced labeling to
clarify meaning.
Total

86
POWER POINT PRESENTATION

PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and
Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in both PowerPoint.
TITLE:
Create a power point presentation consists of slide layouts inserting text,
formatting text, bullets and numbering of five slides with following information’s.
Slide 1 – contents
Slide 2 – Name
Slide 3 – Address
Slide 4 – Hobbies
Slide 5 – Friends
PURPOSE:
To maintain a PowerPoint presentation with some specifications
PROCEDURE:
First click on start button at the button of the screen on status bar. Click on
programs and then Microsoft PowerPoint. Go to file and new. Then you find different
pattern of slides on right side of your screen. Then select which is completely empty.
Then enter the contents in the first slide as per given information, name in the second
slide, Address in the third slide, Hobbies in the fourth slide and friends in the fifth
slide. Except first slide, all the second, third, fourth, fifth slides should be inserted.
When you select pattern of slide from a new slide, on slide which you selected you will
find an arrow towards its right side, click that arrow and then again click insert slide.
Then save it. Then adjust the layout. Then format the text then give bullets or
numbering to the text if required. Go to auto shapes. Select more auto shapes and
insert wherever required. Then again go to insert option and select new slides. And
select chart and a chart with datasheet appear. Give the name, roll no, marks in three
subjects and calculate the total. Then save the file
THEORY:
 SLIDE LAYOUT:
1. On the format menu, click slide layout.
2. On the slides tab in normal view, select the slides; you want to apply a
layout too.
3. In the slide layout task pane, point to layout you and then click it.
4. A new slide can also be inserted within the task pane. Point the layout you
want the slide to have, click the arrow and then click the insert new slide.
 INSERT TEXT:
1. Text can be added to layout.
2. Align text in the top, middle or bottom of a cell.
3. Align text on the right or left, or in the center of a cell.

87
 4. Change cell margins.
5. Insert a tab in a table.
6. To make the symbol command available, in normal view, place the insertion
point on the outbox tab or in a text place holders on the slide.
7. On the insert menu, click symbol.
8. To change fonts, click a name in the font box
 FORMATTING TEXT:
1. Select the text you want to format as superscript or subscript.
2. On the format menu, click font.
3. To show or hide text formatting, on the standard toolbar, click show
formatting.
 BULLETS AND NUMBERINGS:
1. Select the lines of text that you want to add bullets or numbering to.
2. Click bullets or numbering.
 AUTOSHAPES:
1. Select the auto shape that has the text you want to position.
2. Double-click the selection rectangle of the auto shape or text box and then
click the text box tab in the format dialog box.
3. in the text anchor point box, click the position you want the text to start in.
 LINES AND ARROWS:
1. In Microsoft power point, double click the chart.
2. Double click the chart item you want to change.
3. On the patterns tab, do one or both of the following.
4. To change the colors, patterns or lines, select the options you want.
5. To specify a fill effect, click fill effect and then select the options you want on
the gradient, text patterns or picture tabs.
 HYPERLINK:
1. Select the text or object that you want to represent the hyperlink.
2. Click insert hyperlink.
3. Under link to, click place in this document.
 INSERT IMAGES:
1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the drawing tool bar, click insert picture.
3. Locate the folder that contains the picture that you want to insert, and then
click the picture file.
 CLIP ART:
1. On the insert menu, point to structure and then click clipart.
2. in the clipart task pane, in the search for box, type a word or phrase that
describes the clip, you want to type in all or same of the file menus of the

88
 clip.
3. in the results box, click the clip to insert it.
 AUDIO VIDEO OBJECTS:
1. On the slide show menu, click setup show. Under performance check box. If
your computer has their capability, office PowerPoint will attempt to use it.
2. Animation performance will be much better with a video card that has
Microsoft direct 3D.
 TABLE:
1. On the standard tool bar, click insert table.
2. Print to select the numbers of rows and columns you want and then click.
 CHART:
1. Click the slide where you want to place the embedded object.
2. On the insert menu, click chart.
3. Click a cell on the data sheet and then type the information you want.

To return to the slide, click outside the chart

Viva Questions:
1) What is word art?
2) How can you rotate the picture in power point?
3) What are the different autoshapes available in power point?
4) How to insert hyper link?
5) Define slide show.
6) Define slide transition.
7) What is animation?
8) How can you insert a table in power point?

89
Rubrics for Power Point Presentation:
Criteria Developing Achieving Excelling Score
(20) (1-7 mark) (8-14 marks) (15-20 marks)
Content Content is inaccurate Content is accurate Content is accurate
(20) and information is but information is not and information is
not presented in a presented in a logical presented in a logical
logical order, making order, making it order.
it difficult to follow. difficult to follow.
Slide Presentation has no Presentation flows Presentation flows
Creation(20) flow. No tools used. well. Some tools used well and logically.
Insufficient number to show acceptable Presentation reflects
of slides. understanding. extensive use of tools
Correct number of in a creative way.
slides. Correct number of
slides.
Slide Transitions are Smooth transitions No transitions used.
Transitions smooth and are used on some
interesting. slides.
Transitions enhance
the presentation.
Pictures, No images. Most images are Images are
Clip Art & appropriate. appropriate. Layout of
Background images is pleasing to
the eye.
Technology No understanding of Acceptable Comprehensive use of
Connection technology. understanding of technology is
technology apparent.
Total

90
Space for Rough Work

91