EXERCISES FOR AEP

Lecturer: Dr Tong Thanh Trung

Department of Fundamental Mathematics

National Economics University

PART 1: LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. Find the values of x and y if

 1 2  1 y 
 x − y 2  = 0 2 
   
2. Find the values of x and y if
 3 x 3 y
 x 1 =  2 1
   
3. Find the values of x and y if:
3 4 x 3 4 y
2 5 7 = 2 5 7
   
4. Find the values of x and y if
 x 1 3 1
 y 0  and  2 0 
   
are to be equal.
5. Find the values of y and z if
1 0 0  1 y z
0 1 1  and  0 y z 
  
0 1 0   y 1 z 
are to be equal.
6. For A , given below obtain 3A :
 1 0 0 
A = 0 1 0 
0 0 1 

7. For the matrices given below obtain A − B and A + B, where possible:

1 0 0 
2 0
=(a) A =
0 1 0  , B 
 2 −1
0 0 1 
1 0 0   −1 2 0 
(b)=A 0 1 0  , =B  1 −1 1
0 0 1   0 0 −1

8. Obtain for the row vector a and the column vector b below, the product ab and ba
 −1
a = [1 2 0] , b =  0 
 1

9. Perform the following matrix multiplication to obtain AB where possible if:

 4 3
 1 0 0
=(a) A =  , B  1 1
0 0 1  0 2 

 4 3
 1 0 0
=(b) B =  , A  1 1
0 0 1  0 2 

10. Suppose that a firm produces two types of output using three types of input. Its
output quantities are given by the column vector:
15,000 
q=  
 27,000 
and the prices of theses are given in the row vector p = [10 12] . The amounts of
inputs it uses are given in the column vector
11,000 
z = 15,000 
15,000 
 and the input prices are given by w = [10 10 8] . Find the profit of this firm.
11. Computing Profit Rizza’s Used Cars has two locations, one in the city and the
other in the suburbs. In January, the city location sold 400 subcompacts, 250
intermediate-size cars, and 50 SUVs; in February, it sold 350 subcompacts, 100
intermediates, and 30 SUVs. At the suburban location in January, 450 subcompacts,
200 intermediates, and 140 SUVs were sold. In February, the suburban location sold
350 subcompacts, 300 intermediates, and 100 SUVs.
a) Find 2 by 3 matrices that summarize the sales data for each location for January and
February (one matrix for each month).
b) Use matrix addition to obtain total sales for the 2-month period.
c) The profit on each kind of car is $100 per subcompact, $150 per intermediate, and
$200 per SUV. Find a 3 by 1 matrix representing this profit.
d) Multiply the matrices found in parts (b) and (c) to get a 2 by 1 matrix showing the
profit at each location.
12. Computing the Cost of Production The Acme Steel Company is a producer of
stainless steel and aluminum containers. On a certain day, the following stainless steel
containers were manufactured: 500 with 10-gallon (gal) capacity, 350 with 5-gal
capacity, and 400 with 1-gal capacity. On the same day, the following aluminum
containers were manufactured: 700 with 10-gal capacity, 500 with 5-gal capacity, and
850 with 1-gal capacity.
a) Find a 2 by 3 matrix representing these data. Find a 3 by 2 matrix to represent the
same data.
b) If the amount of material used in the 10-gal containers is 15 pounds (lb), the
amount used in the 5-gal containers is 8 lb, and the amount used in the 1-gal
containers is 3 lb, find a 3 by 1 matrix representing the amount of material used.
c) Multiply the 2 by 3 matrix found in part (a) and the 3 by 1 matrix found in part (b)
to get a 2 by 1 matrix showing the day’s usage of material.
d) If stainless steel costs Acme $0.10 per pound and aluminum costs $0.05 per pound,
find a 1 by 2 matrix representing cost.
e) Multiply the matrices found in parts (c) and (d) to find the total cost of the day’s
production.
13. Inventory Jekell-Heid, Inc. sells four models of “all-in-one fax, printer, copier,
and scanner machine” at three retail stores. The inventory at store i of model j is
represented by sij in the matrix.
The wholesale and retail prices of model i are represented by pi1 and pi 2 ,
respectively, in the matrix

a) Determine the product SP.

b) Writing to Learn What does the matrix SP represent?
14. Construction A building contractor has agreed to build six ranch-style houses,
seven Cape Cod–style houses, and 14 colonial-style houses. The numbers of units of
raw materials that go into each type of house are shown in matrix R:

Assume that steel costs $1600 a unit, wood $900 a unit, glass $500 a unit, paint $100
a unit, and labor $1000 a unit.
a) Write a 1x3 matrix B that represents the number of each type of house to be built.
b) Write a matrix product that gives the number of units of each raw material needed
to build the houses.
c) Write a 5x1 matrix C that represents the per unit cost of each type of raw material.
d) Write a matrix product that gives the cost of each house.
e) Writing to Learn Compute the product BRC. What does this matrix represent?
15. For the matrices A and B below, verify that trace( AB) = trace( BA) :
 3 1
 1 −1 1
=A =  , B 0 1
2 2 0  1 1

16. For the matrix A below, obtain trace( A) , trace( AA) , trace( AAA) :
  1 6 −1 3 1 6 
(a)  −1 3 2 3 −1 3
A=
 
 1 6 −1 3 1 6 

 6 −2 −5 1
 −2 8 −2 −4 
1
(b) A=
11  −5 −2 6 1
 
 1 −4 1 2
17. Compute the determinant of the following matrices:
 3 0 4  2 3 −4 
(a) A =  2 3 2  (c) C =  4 0 5
 0 5 −1  5 1 6 

 2 −4 3 4 3 0
(b) B =  3 1 2  (d) D =  6 5 2 
 1 4 −1  9 7 3

18. Find the inverse matrix of each matrix in question 16.

19. Evaluate the determinant of B:
 a b c
B =  d e f 
3 g 3h 3i 

if
a b c
=A d=e f 7
g h i
20. Find the determinant of C:
a b c
C =  g h i 
 d e f 
if
 a b c
=A d=e f 3
g h i
21. Find the determinant of D:
 a b c 
 
D=3d + a 3e + b 3 f + c 
 g h i 
if
a b c
=A d=e f 3
g h i

22. Compute A3 where:

1 0 1 
A = 1 1 2 
1 2 1 

23. Obtain the inverse of the following matrices by the cofactor method:
1 2 3   1 2 −1  3 0 0
(a) 0 1 2  (b)  0 1 0  (c) 0 −1 0 
0 0 1   −5 2 3 0 0 3

24. Find the inverse of the following matrices by the method of Gauss-Jordan
elimination
 1 2 −1  3 0 1
(a) 0 −1 2  (b) 0 2 1
0 1 0   1 2 0 

25. Suppose that a firm produces three outputs y1 , y2 and y3 with three inputs
z1 , z2 and z3 . The input-requirements matrix is given by A below:

 1 0 5
A =  1 1 0 
3 2 6 
 If the firm wants to produce 7 units of y1 , 5 units of y2 , and 18 units y3 , how much
of z1 , z2 and z3 will be require?
26. Compute A in as few steps as possible:
 1 −3 1 −2 
 2 −5 −1 −2 
A=
 0 −4 5 1
 
 −3 10 −6 8
27. Find the determinant of the following matrices:
1 5 −6 
(a)  
 1 −4 4 
A =−
 −2 −7 9 

 1 3 0 2
 −2 −5 7 4 
(b) B =  
 3 5 2 1
 
 −1 0 −9 −5
 1 −1 −3 0
 0 1 0 4 
(c) C = 
 −1 2 8 5
 
 −1 −1 −2 3
28. Evaluate the following determinants:
1 2 90 2 7 0 1 1 2 1 4
2 3 64 5 6 4 8 2 3 4 6
a) b) c)
1 6 0 −1 0 0 9 0 1 6 −2 −3
0 −5 0 8 1 −3 1 4 −3 1 −5 −9
29. Show that: ( ABC ) −1 = C −1B −1 A−1.
30. Given two the following matrices
 4 1 2 3
 2 −3 −1 7   −7 −2 m 1 
 4 1 −2 − m  ;
A =− B= 
  10 3 5 6 
 −1 −5 4 10   
 −6 −1 1 −2 

a) Determine the elements of second row of matrix AB’ (where B’ is the transpose
matrix of the matrix B).
b) Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system of linear equations with A as the matrix
expansion (the last column of A is a unrestrained coefficient column).
c) Find the values of m to matrix B is invertible and the element of second row, third
column of matrix 4B-1 equals 6.
31. Given two the following matrices

 3 2 −4 m 
 4 3 2 −1   −2 −1 3 1 
 a 1 −3 −14  ;
A =− B= 
   5 −3 4 −2 
 3 −2 −1 m   
6 4 5 3

a) Determine the elements of third row of matrix AB’ (where B’ is the

transpose matrix of the matrix B).
b) Use Cramer’s rule to solve a system of linear equations with A as the matrix
expansion (the last column of A is a free coefficient column).
c) Find the values of m to matrix B is invertible and the element of second row,
3
third column of matrix -3B-1 equals .
5
32. Management A toy company has plants in Boston, Chicago, and Seattle that
manufacture toy phones and calculators. The following matrix gives the production
costs (in dollars) for each item at the Boston plant:

a. In Chicago, a phone costs $4.05 for material and $3.27 for labor; a calculator costs
$7.01 for material and $3.51 for labor. In Seattle, material costs are $4.40 for a phone
and $6.90 for a calculator; labor costs are $3.54 for a phone and $3.76 for a calculator.
Write the production cost matrices for Chicago and Seattle.
b. Suppose labor costs increase by $0.11 per item in Chicago and material costs there
increase by $0.37 for a phone and $0.42 for a calculator. What is the new production
cost matrix for Chicago?
33. Management There are three convenience stores in Folsom. This week, store I
sold 88 loaves of bread, 48 qt of milk, 16 jars of peanut butter, and 112 lb of cold cuts.
Store II sold 105 loaves of bread, 72 qt of milk, 21 jars of peanut butter, and 147 lb of
cold cuts. Store III sold 60 loaves of bread, 40 qt of milk, no peanut butter, and 50 lb
of cold cuts.
a. Use a matrix to express the sales information for the three stores.
b. During the following week, sales on these products at store I increased by 25%;
sales at store II increased by and sales at store III increased by 10%. Write the sales
matrix for that week.
c. Write a matrix that represents total sales over the two-week period.
34. Suppose that the demand and supply functions are numerically as follows:
Qd 1 =10 − 2 P1 + P2
Qs1 =−2 + 3P1
Qd 2 = 15 + P1 − P2
Qs 2 =−1 + 2 P2

What will be the equilibrium solution?

35. The demand and supply functions of a two-commodity market model are follows:
Qd 1 = 18 − 3P1 + P2 Qd 2 = 12 + P1 − 2 P2
Qs1 =−2 + 4 P1 Qs 2 =−2 + 3P2

Use Crammer’s rule to find the Pi and Qi ( i = 1,2 ).

36. Animal Growth At the beginning of a laboratory experiment, five baby rats
measured 5.6, 6.4, 6.9, 7.6, and 6.1 cm in length, and weighed 144, 138, 149, 152, and
146 g, respectively.
a. Write a matrix using this information.
b. At the end of two weeks, their lengths (in centimeters) were 10.2, 11.4, 11.4, 12.7,
and 10.8 and their weights (in grams) were 196, 196, 225, 250, and 230. Write a
matrix with this information.
c. Use matrix subtraction and the matrices found in parts a and b to write a matrix that
gives the amount of change in length and weight for each rat.
d. During the third week, the rats grew by the amounts shown in the matrix below.
What were their lengths and weights at the end of this week?
37.

38.

39. Given the following model:

Y = C + I 0 + G0
C = a + b (Y − T ) ( a > 0,0 < b < 1) [T : taxes]
T = d + tY ( d > 0,0 < t < 1) [t : income tax rate]
a) How many endogenous variables are there?
 b) Find Y , T and C.
40. Let the national-income model be:
Y = C + I0 + G
C = a + b (Y − T0 ) ( a > 0, 0 < b < 1)
=G gY ( 0 < g < 1)
a) Identify the endogenous variables.
b) Give the economic meaning of the parameter g.
c) Find the equilibrium national income.
d) What restriction on the parameters is needed for solution to exist?
41. Investments Katherine Chong invests $10,000 received from her grandmother in
three ways. With one part, she buys U.S. savings bonds at an interest rate of 2.5% per
year. She uses the second part, which amounts to twice the first, to buy mutual funds
that offer a return of 6% per year. She puts the rest of the money into a money market
account paying 4.5% annual interest. The first year her investments bring a return of
$470. How much did she invest in each way?
42. Manufacturing Nadir, Inc. produces three models of television sets: deluxe, uper-
deluxe, and ultra. Each deluxe set requires 2 hours of electronics work, 3 hours of
assembly time, and 5 hours of finishing time. Each super-deluxe requires 1, 3, and 2
hours of electronics, assembly, and finishing time, respectively. Each ultra requires 2,
2, and 6 hours of the same work, respectively.
a. There are 54 hours available for electronics, 72 hours available for assembly, and
148 hours available for finishing per week. How many of each model should be
produced each week if all available time is to be used?
b. Suppose everything is the same as in part a, but a superdeluxe set requires 1, rather
than 2, hours of finishing time. How many solutions are there now?
c. Suppose everything is the same as in part b, but the total hours available for
finishing changes from 148 hours to 144 hours. Now how many solutions are there?
43. Transportation An electronics company produces three models of stereo
speakers, models A, B, and C, and can deliver them by truck, van, or SUV. A truck
holds 2 boxes of model A, 2 of model B, and 3 of model C. A van holds 3 boxes of
model A, 4 boxes of model B, and 2 boxes of model C. An SUV holds 3 boxes of
model A, 5 boxes of model B, and 1 box of model C.
a. If 25 boxes of model A, 33 boxes of model B, and 22 boxes of model C are to be
delivered, how many vehicles of each type should be used so that all operate at full
capacity?
b. Model C has been discontinued. If 25 boxes of model A and 33 boxes of model B
are to be delivered, how many vehicles of each type should be used so that all operate
at full capacity?
44. Loans To get the necessary funds for a planned expansion, a small company took
out three loans totaling $25,000. Company owners were able to get interest rates of
8%, 9%, and 10%. They borrowed $1000 more at 9% than they borrowed at 10%. The
total annual interest on the loans was $2190.
a. How much did they borrow at each rate?
b. Suppose we drop the condition that they borrowed $1000 more at 9% than at 10%.
What can you say about the amount borrowed at 10%? What is the solution if the
amount borrowed at 10% is $5000?
c. Suppose the bank sets a maximum of $10,000 at the lowest interest rate of 8%. Is a
solution possible that still meets all of the original conditions?
d. Explain why $10,000 at 8%, $8000 at 9%, and $7000 at 10% is not a feasible
solution for part c.
45. Transportation An auto manufacturer sends cars from two plants, I and II, to
dealerships A and B located in a midwestern city. Plant I has a total of 28 cars to send,
and plant II has 8. DealerA needs 20 cars, and dealer B needs 16. Transportation costs
per car, based on the distance of each dealership from each plant, are $220 from I toA,
$300 from I to B, $400 from II to A, and $180 from II to B. The manufacturer wants
to limit transportation costs to $10,640. How many cars should be sent from each
plant to each of the two dealerships?

PART TWO: CALCULUS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. Find the third derivative of the following functions:

1 2
ln x b) y = ( 2 x + 3) ⋅ 2 x + 3 c) y = e −2 x ( 3 x + 1)
3
a) y =
2
1
d) y = e) y = ln ( 2 x − 1) f) y =
e −2 x + 3e3 x
x −4
2

2. Prove that: the function y= e x + 2e 2 x satisfies the following formular

 y ''' − 6 y '' + 11 y ' − 6 y =
0.

1400 10
3. Q
A firm has demand function is= − p and total cost function is
7.5 75
TC =Q 3 − 6Q 2 + 140Q + 750. Find the quantities of product to maximizing
profit of the firm.

4. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

200 + 100 4 x and R ( x ) =

C ( x) = 120 + 90 x .

Find the value of marginal cost and marginal profit at x = 256 and interpret the
economic meaning of that results.

5. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

TC = 2Q 3 − 3Q 2 + 400Q + 5000, TR = 4000Q − 33Q 2 .

Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm.

6. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

Q 3 − 5.5Q 2 + 150Q + 675, TR =

TC = 4350Q − 13Q 2 .

Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm.

7. Given total revenue function of a monopoly manufacturer at each level of

output Q is= TR 500Q − 4Q 2 . Find the elasticity of demand at price P = 300
and explain the economic meaning of obtained result.

8. Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm, given the
marginal revenue and marginal cost functions, respectively, are

MR = 5900 − 20Q; MC = 6Q 2 − 8Q + 140.

9. Evaluate the first partial derivatives of the following functions:

 x y
(5x2 y − 3 y3 x )
4
a) z =
x3 y − y 3 x b) z = c) z =+
y x
x

( 2x ) z ln ( 2 x y + 3 y x + 1)
−
d) =
z e x +3 y 2
− 4 xy 3
e) = 2 4 2 4
d) =
z e y

10. Evaluate the first partial derivatives of the following functions:

x yz
b) u =( 5 x 2 z − 3 y 3 x + 2 z )
4
a) u = x 3 yz − y 3 x − 3 z c) u = +
yz x
xz

( 2x ) u ln ( 2 x y + 3 y z + 4 z x )
−
d) =
u e x +3 y + 2 z 2
− 4 xy 3
e) = 2 2 2
d) =
u e y

11. Find the total differential of the following functions

3x + 4 y
a)
= u b)
= u ln ( x + 3 y 2 )
2x − y

12. Evaluate the following integrals

dx
a) ∫ x ln 3 xdx b) ∫ x 2e3 x dx c) ∫x 1 − x2
2 x +1 − 5 x −1
∫(2 + 3x ) dx
2
d) ∫ e x dx e) x
f) ∫ dx
10 x

13. Evaluate the following definite integrals:

1
xdx ln 2 1

a) ∫ b) ∫ e − 1dx x
c) ∫ x ln ( x + 1)dx
0 1+ x 0 0
2 1 e

∫ ( x ln x ) dx
2
d) ∫ x 2 4 − x 2 dx e) ∫ x 2e3 x dx f)
0 0 1

14. Determine whether each improper integral is convergent or divergent, and

calculate its value if it is convergent.
 +∞ +∞ 0

a) ∫ xe −3 x dx b) ∫ ln xdx c) ∫ xe
2x
dx
0 1 −∞
+∞
dx +∞
xdx +∞
dx
d) ∫ e) ∫ f) ∫ (1 + x )( 4 + x )
2 x ln 2 x 1 x + 2x2 + 1
4
−∞
2 2

15. Find the relative maximum and minimum values of the following fuctions:

a) u = 10 x 2 + y 2 − 6 xy − 24 x b) u = 4 xy − x 2 − 7 y 2 + 36 y
c) u =x 3 + 3 xy 2 − 15 x − 12 y d) u =18 xy − 8 x 3 − 27 y 3

16. A two-product firm faces demand and cost functions below:

Q1 = 40 − 2 P1 − P2 , Q2 = 35 − P1 − P2 , C = Q12 + 2Q22 + 10

a) Find the output levels that satisfy the first-order condition for maximum
profit.

b) Check the second-order sufficient condition. Can you conclude that this
problem possesses a unique absolute maximum?

c) What is the maximum profit?

17. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:

w= 8y 2 − 4 ⋅ a ⋅ x − 2y + 35

Subject to the constraint 4 ⋅ a ⋅ x + 6y =25. (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

18. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:

z = 2x 2 + 4x + 3.a.y − 5

Subject to the constraint 12 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

4x + 3.a.y =

19. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:
z = a.x + 2y − 1

Subject to the constraint x 2 + 4y 2 =a 2 + 1 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

20. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:

w = 5x 2 + 3x − 4.a.y + 24

Subject to the constraint 14 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

5x + 4.a.y =