Secure Online Voting system using Blockchain

submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

for Major-Project
Major Sem-VII
by
Ms. Manali Chavan (20)
Ms. Shruti Kamble (54)
Ms. Shreya Shah ((102)
Ms. Devanshi Parmar (109)
(

Supervisor:
Mr. Wasim Shaikh

Department of Computer Engineering

VIDYA VIKAS EDUCATION TRUST’S

UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KAMAN, VASAI - 401208
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

2024-2025
 Vidya Vikas Education Trust’s
Universal College of Engineering, Vasai (E)
Department of Computer Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the Major Project entitled “Secure Online Voting system using
blockchain” is the bonafide work of Ms. Manali Chavan (20), Ms. Shruti Kamble (54), Ms.
Shreya Shah (102) and Ms. Devanshi Parmar (109) submitted to the University of Mumbai
in fulfillment of the requirement for the Major Project-I Semester VII project work of B.E.
Computer Engineering at Universal College of Engineering, Vasai, Mumbai at the
Department of Computer Engineering, in the academic year 2024-2025, Semester – VII

Mr. Ashraf Siddiqui

Supervisor

Dr. Jitendra Saturwar Dr. J.B. Patil

Head of Department Principal
 Major Project-I Report Approval for B. E.

This project report entitled “Secure Online Voting system using blockchain” by Ms. Manali
Chavan, Ms. Shruti Kamble, Ms. Shreya Shah and Ms. Devanshi Parmar is approved for the
Major Project-I Semester VII project work of B.E Computer Engineering at Universal
College of Engineering, Vasai, in the academic year 2024-2025.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date:
 Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where others’
ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original
sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity
and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my
submission. I understand that any violation of the above will cause disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly
cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Ms. Manali Chavan (20)

Ms. Shruti Kamble(54)

Ms. Shreya Shah (102)

Ms. Devanshi Parmar (109)

Date:
 Abstract
Online voting system is a modern solution that can efficiently and securely facilitate the
voting process for various groups and organizations. With rapid growth in technologies the
old voting methods can change to advanced voting methods The use of such software
eliminates the need for physical polling stations, as voters can cast their ballots from anywhere
with an internet connection. The benefits of using an online voting system are many; it
increases accessibility, saves time and resources, ensures accuracy and transparency, and
supports a more democratic decision-making process. Eligibility verification and accurate
voter information are essential components of a successful online voting platform. While
several countries have already implemented online voting software, this approach still faces
challenges and limitations that must be addressed before universal adoption. In the following
sections, we will delve further into the various types of electronic voting methods and
examine successful global examples of online voting system. Online voting offers a
convenient and secure alternative to traditional in-person voting. This system leverages
technology to enable individuals to cast their votes remotely, potentially increasing voter
participation and reducing the logistical challenges associated with traditional elections.

i
 Contents
Abstract i
List of figures iv
List of tables v
List of abbreviations vi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Project Overview

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2

2.1 Existing System

2.2 Literature Survey

2.3 Problem Statement and Objective

2.4 Scope

3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 6

3.1 Analysis/Framework/Algorithm

3.2 System Requirements

3.2.1 Hardware Requirements

3.2.2 Software Requirements

3.3 Design Details

3.3.1 System Architecture

3.3.2 System Modules

ii
 3.4 Data Model and Description

3.4.1 Entity Relationship Model

3.5 Fundamental Model

3.5.1 Data Flow Model

3.6 Unified Modelling Language Diagram

3.6.1 Use Case Diagram

3.6.2 Activity Diagram

3.6.3 Sequence Diagram

3.6.4 Component Diagram

3.7 Methodology

4 RESULT 20

4.1 Proposed System Result

4.2 Comparison between existing and proposed system

Conclusion 27

Appendix 28

References 29

Acknowledgement 30

iii
 List of Figures

3.1 System Architecture 12

3.2 DFD Diagram 15
3.3 Use Case Diagram 16
3.4 Activity Diagram 17
3.5 Sequence Diagram 17
3.6 Component Diagram 18
4.1 GUI for Login page 20
4.2 GUI for Register page 21
4.3 GUI for Home page 21
4.4 GUI for Authentication Page 22
4.5 GUI for Add panel page 22
4.6 GUI for Add parties page 23
4.7 GUI for Add voters page 23
4.8 GUI for Vote page 24
4.9 GUI for Vote Count page 24
4.10 GUI for Zone selection page 25

iv
 List of Tables

2.1 Literature Survey 4

4.1 Comparison between existing and proposed system 26

v
 List of abbreviations

1. NGO – Non-Government Organization

2. UI – User Interface
3. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
4. RAM – Random Access Memory
5. IDE – Integrated Development Environment
6. DFD – Data Flow Diagram
7. UML – Unified Modelling Language

vi
 Chapter 1

Introduction
Democracy is an important topic in the majority of modern societies. One of the key procedures
in a democracy is the selection of representatives. Inactive citizens, fraud attempts, etc. are only
a few of the various disturbances that this incredibly delicate procedure encounters. The nation
of India is democratic. All Indian people have an Aadhar card, which serves as their digital ID,
as they are all a part of the developing digital India. Due to the fact that it establishes each
Indian's digital identity, the Aadhar card can be utilized for online voting. Electronic voting
systems are used today and have some qualities that set them apart from traditional voting
techniques as well as better features, such as accuracy, convenience, flexibility, privacy,
verifiability, and mobility. Electronic voting methods can have several drawbacks, though, such
as the need for a lot of time and paper, the absence of a direct role for higher officials, the
possibility of machine damage due to carelessness, the inability to update and edit many items
at once with mass updates, etc. These issues can be solved using the online voting system.

1.1 Project Idea

An online voting system aims to streamline the electoral process, making it more accessible,
secure, and efficient.

Key features would include:

Voter Registration: A secure online platform for voters to register, verify their identity, and
update their information.

Candidate Registration: A system for candidates to register and submit necessary

documentation.

Electronic Ballot: A digital ballot paper that allows voters to select their preferred candidates.

Authentication and Security: Robust security measures to protect voter identities, prevent
fraud, and ensure the integrity of the voting process.

Results Tabulation: An automated system to count votes and announce results accurately and
efficiently.

Audit Trail: A transparent record of the entire voting process to maintain accountability and
address any disputes.
 Chapter 2

Review of Literature
A literature survey was carried out to find various papers published in international journals
such as IEEE etc. related to online voting using blockchain systems to get the best algorithm
for the same.

2.1 Existing System

The existing system for secure online voting using blockchain technology applies the
unchangeable nature of blockchain to ensure transparency, security, and trust in the
electoral process. Traditional voting methods, whether paper-based or electronic, often
face challenges such as vote tampering, hacking, and lack of transparency, which erodes
public trust. Blockchain-based voting systems address these issues by creating a
distributed ledger where each vote is recorded as a transaction. Once a vote is cast, it is
encrypted and stored across multiple nodes in the blockchain network, making it nearly
impossible to alter or delete without detection. Each vote is time-stamped and linked to the
previous one, creating a chain of trust that is verifiable by all participants, yet the voter's
identity remains private through encryption and digital signatures. Voters can verify their
own votes, but they cannot link votes to others, ensuring the integrity of the secret ballot.
Smart contracts can also be used to automate vote counting and results publishing,
ensuring that the process is free from human interference. Additionally, the decentralized
nature of blockchain prevents any single entity from gaining control of the voting process,
reducing the risk of fraud or external interference. While blockchain voting systems are
still being tested and are not widely implemented, they hold significant potential to
revolutionize the way elections are conducted by providing a transparent, tamper-proof,
and efficient system
 2.2 Literature Survey
We have examined various research papers in the domain of Facial Recognition for our
project to delve deeper into the details of the various researches conducted in the field of
Facial Recognition. Table 2.1 shows a survey of the research paper done for the project.

Table 2.1 – Literature Survey table

Sr. Paper Name Year of Author Publication Proposed Research Gap

No. Publication Work

1. Secure 2023 Saurabh IEEE The problem

Existing solutions
Online Singh,Alisha of voting often fail to
arrives when adequately address
Voting Singh,
people have to the challenges
System Shivam travel to their posed by high-
Verma,Rajen native volume elections
country to where thousands or
dra Dwivedi
millions of votes
vote. This
are cast
problem is simultaneously.
addressed and This gap presents a
aimed to make pressing need for
an online research that not
system for only enhances the
secure voting. security and
privacy of online
voting but also
ensures that these
systems can be
effectively
deployed in
diverse ways.
2 Online 2022 V Lalitha, IEEE A mobile Current
Voting phone based implementations
S often struggle
collaborative
System with latency
Samundeeswar system that
using issues, especially
senses the
i, R Roobinee,
during peak
blockchain people and voting periods.
context in a Additionally,
Lakshme ,
picture. This there is limited
S Swetha The paper exploration of
describes a how various
prototype of blockchain
consensus
Auto Face
mechanisms
Tagging on impact the
Android efficiency and
Phones. user experience
of online voting
systems.

3 Online Voting 2021 IEEE The research Existing research

Awsan
System using examined frequently lacks
Otman,Emarn
blockchain whether comprehensive
Muhammed,
and IoT. familiar face frameworks for
Haneen
recognition is ensuring
Mujahid,
affected by seamless
Hamzah
age-related communication
Muhammed ,
differences, between diverse
Mogeeb
and to test at IoT devices and
Mosleh
which blockchain
processing networks, as well
stage potential as methods for
deficits would handling the high
manifest. volume of
transactions
efficiently.
In the paper presented by Saurabh Singh, Alisha Singh, Shivam Verma, Rajendra Dwivedi, A secure
online voting system that uses blockchain technology makes the voting process safer and more
transparent. Blockchain is a special type of database that stores data in a way that’s hard to change
or tamper with. In this system, every vote is turned into a digital record and stored on this
database. This record is encrypted and linked to a unique code, which keeps the vote safe from
tampering and unauthorized access. Blockchain also uses special rules to check and confirm that
votes are accurate as they come in. This makes it very hard for anyone to cheat or alter the results.
The system ensures that each vote remains private and secure while also providing a clear and
trustworthy record of the voting process. [1]

In the paper presented by V Lalitha, S Samundeswari, R Roobinee, Lakshme , S Swetha, An

online voting system using blockchain technology offers a secure way to vote. In this system, each
vote is recorded as a transaction on a blockchain, which is a type of digital ledger that’s very hard
to alter. The blockchain is managed by many computers, making it hard for anyone to tamper with
the votes. Each vote is encrypted for privacy and can only be accessed by authorized users. Since
all votes are publicly recorded on this digital ledger, it’s easy to check and verify the results. This
technology helps prevent fraud, ensures the votes are counted correctly, and builds trust in the
voting process. [2].

In the paper presented by Awsan Otman, Emarn Muhammed, Haneen Mujahid, Hamzah
Muhammed, Mogeeb Mosleh, An online voting system using blockchain and IoT acts like a digital
ledger that records each vote in a secure and unchangeable way. This means once a vote is cast, it
can’t be altered or erased. IoT devices, like secure voting machines and fingerprint scanners, help
ensure that only eligible voters can vote and make the process smoother. Together, these
technologies help prevent fraud, protect vote data, and make sure the entire voting process is honest
and reliable. [3].

2.3 Problem Statement and Objective

Traditional voting methods often suffer from low voter turnout, security concerns, and logistical
challenges. An online voting system aims to address these issues by providing a convenient, secure,
and accessible platform for voters to participate in elections. The objective is to increase voter
participation, enhance election integrity, and improve the overall efficiency of the electoral process.

2.4 Project Scope

The online voting system project will focus on developing a secure and user-friendly platform that
allows for voter registration, candidate nomination, electronic ballot casting, and automated result
tabulation. The System will incorporate robust security measures to protect voter identities and
prevent fraud. Additionally, it will provide a transparent audit trail to ensure accountability and
address any disputes.
 Chapter 3

Proposed System
This chapter includes a brief description of the proposed system and explores the different
modules involved along with the various models through which this system is understood and
represented.

3.1 Analysis/Framework/ Algorithm

Key Characteristics of Multi-Agent Systems:

Specialization: Each agent focuses on a specific task related to the voting system, such as voter
verification, ballot encryption, vote tallying, or blockchain validation.

Collaboration: Agents work together to ensure secure voting. For example, the voter verification
agent collaborates with the ballot encryption agent to ensure only valid voters can cast encrypted
votes, which are then processed by the tallying agent and recorded immutably on the blockchain
by the validation agent.

Adaptability: The agents continuously improve through data analysis, adapting to new threats or
potential vulnerabilities, and adjusting processes based on evolving security needs or voter turnout
patterns.

Workflow of the Multi-Agent System:

Agent Assignment: Each agent is assigned a specialized task. One agent handles voter
authentication, another manages vote encryption, a third agent verifies vote integrity on the
blockchain, and another agent is responsible for smart contract execution to automate parts of the
voting process.

Data Processing: Agents retrieve and process data, such as verifying voter credentials,
encrypting vote data, and ensuring the authenticity of votes recorded in the blockchain ledger.

Collaboration: The agents share insights and data, working together to ensure that votes are
securely cast, counted, and stored. For instance, the vote encryption agent will collaborate with
the blockchain validation agent to ensure encrypted votes are correctly entered into the
blockchain without manipulation.

Final Output: The system generates a tamper-proof election result, ensuring that the outcome is
transparent, verifiable, and immutable on the blockchain, along with supporting data such as the
number of votes cast, verified voters, and final tallies.
3.2 System Requirements
This section will provide the user the required specification of the hardware and software
components on which the proposed system is to be implemented.

3.2.1 Hardware Requirements

This subsection will provide the minimum requirements that must be fulfilled by the hardware
components. The hardware requirements are as follows: -

∙ A smart phone with

1) Camera – minimum 5 megapixels
2) Storage – minimum 200 megabytes free
3) RAM – minimum 2 gigabytes
4) Processor – minimum dual core
∙ A desktop with
1) RAM – minimum 4 gigabytes
2) Storage – minimum 0 gigabytes
3) Processor – minimum quad core or hexa core

3.2.2 Software Requirements

This subsection will provide the versions of software applications that must be installed.
The software requirements are as follows: -

 Front End – HTML, Css, Javascript

 Backend – SQL, NodeJS
 Language – Javascript
3.3 Design Details
Step 1: Define System Requirements

Start by specifying both functional and non-functional requirements.

Functional Requirements:
- Voter registration with Aadhar authentication
- User login for secure access
- Selecting voting zones based on voter’s address
- Casting votes in a secure, transparent manner
- Admin functionalities for managing voters, parties, and counting votes

Non-Functional Requirements:
- Security (encryption, authentication)
- Scalability (handling a large number of voters)
- Usability (easy navigation)
- Privacy (voter and vote confidentiality)

Step 2: System Architecture Design

Design the overall system architecture that defines how different components interact with each
other.

Key Components:

1. Frontend (User Interface):

- HTML/CSS/JavaScript for the web or mobile app.
- Frameworks like React or Angular for responsive, dynamic interfaces.

2. Backend (Server-side Processing):

- Node.js, Python (Django/Flask), or Java (Spring Boot) to handle user requests, authentication,
and interaction with the database.

3. Database:
- Store voter details, zone information, parties, and admin data in relational database like
NoSQL . Blockchain module to store and verify votes in an immutable manner.

4. Aadhar Authentication API:

- Use an API for Aadhar verification through a Unique Identification Authority of India
(UIDAI) service.

5. Admin Dashboard:
- A separate admin panel for managing voters, adding parties, and monitoring the voting
process.
Step 3: Registration Page

Design a User Registration Page where new voters can register themselves.

1. Voter Details Input:

- Name, Aadhar number, email, mobile number, date of birth, and address.

2. Aadhar Authentication:
- Integrate Aadhar authentication API where users input their Aadhar number, which is
validated via OTP or biometric authentication. On successful verification, the voter is registered.

3. Database Insertion:
- After successful Aadhar verification, store the voter’s data (minus Aadhar details for privacy)
in the database.

4. Generate Voter ID:

- The system generates a unique Voter ID and login credentials (username/password) which
are sent to the voter’s registered email/mobile.

Step 4: Login Page

Create a Login Page where voters can securely log into their accounts.

1. Username and Password:

- Voters enter their Voter ID and password to log in.

2. Authentication:
- The system checks credentials against the database.
- Add Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) by sending an OTP to the registered email or mobile
for extra security.

3. Redirect to Voting Dashboard:

- Upon successful login, voters are redirected to the Select Zone Page .

Step 5: Aadhar Authentication Page

This page is needed if an extra layer of Aadhar verification is required during voting.

1. Aadhar Re-Verification:
- Optionally, once the voter logs in, they may need to provide their Aadhar number again to
verify their identity via OTP (through the Aadhar API).

2. Security Measures:
- Ensure encrypted communication for Aadhar-related data to maintain privacy.
Step 6: Select Zone Page

Design the Zone Selection Page where voters select their voting constituency based on their
address.

1. Zone Auto-Selection:
- The system can automatically detect the voter’s zone from their registered address (based on
state, district, ward ).

2. Manual Zone Selection

- If the voter is allowed to choose their zone, provide a dropdown list or a map-based interface
where they can select their zone.

3. Confirmation:
- Once the zone is selected, the system confirms the zone before proceeding to the Voting Page
.

Step 7: Voting Page

Design the Voting Interface where voters can cast their vote securely.

1. Display Party Candidates:

- Based on the selected zone, fetch and display a list of all candidates (with their party symbols)
contesting in the voter’s zone.

2. Vote Casting:
- Voters can select their candidate by clicking on their preferred choice. Each vote is encrypted
using asymmetric encryption (public/private keys) to maintain security.

3. Vote Confirmation:
- Before submitting, show a confirmation dialog for the voter to confirm their selection.

4. Submit Vote:
- Once confirmed, the vote is encrypted and sent to the Blockchain for immutable storage.

5. Vote Receipt:
- After the vote is successfully recorded, the system can issue a vote receipt (with a transaction
ID from the blockchain) to confirm the vote submission.

Step 8: Admin Dashboard - Add Parties

The Admin Dashboard allows election administrators to manage political parties.

1. Add New Party:

 - Admins can add new political parties, including party name, party symbol, and candidate
names .
2. Edit/Delete Parties:
- Admins can modify or delete existing party details as needed.

3. Assign Parties to Zones:

- Admins can assign candidates to specific zones, ensuring that each party is represented in the
correct constituency.

Step 9: Admin Dashboard - Add Voters

Admins can manually add or update voter information if needed.

1. Add New Voter:

- Admins can add voters by providing their personal details (Aadhar number, name, address,
etc.). This can be useful in special cases where automated registration fails.

2. View/Modify Voter Information:

- Admins can search and view voters' information and modify it if necessary (e.g., to correct
address details).

Step 10: Admin Dashboard - Count Votes

Admins can count the votes and declare results.

1. Fetch Votes from Blockchain:

- Retrieve the votes from the blockchain for each zone, ensuring transparency and immutability
in the voting record.

2. Automated Tallying:
- The system automatically tallies votes based on the candidates stored in the database.

3. Display Results:
- The results are displayed on the admin dashboard, showing the total votes for each
candidate/party. Results can be filtered by zone, district, or overall tally.

4. Declare Results:
- Once votes are counted, admins can publish the official election results.

Step 11: System Security and Encryption

1. Encryption:
- Use end-to-end encryption for sensitive data, including voter credentials, Aadhar numbers,
and votes. Ensure all data transmission happens over HTTPS .
2. Blockchain Integrity:
- Ensure the integrity of votes by leveraging blockchain’s immutability feature. Votes stored
on the blockchain cannot be altered or deleted once cast.

3. Anonymity:
- Ensure that the link between the voter and their vote remains confidential. Encrypt vote data
before it reaches the blockchain.

4. Audit Logs:
- Keep an audit log of all admin actions (e.g., adding parties, adding voters) for transparency
and accountability.

Step 12: Testing and Deployment

1. Simulate Elections:
- Perform rigorous testing by simulating an election to ensure the system works as expected.

2. Security Audits:
- Conduct third-party security audits to validate the security of the Aadhar integration,
blockchain, encryption, and overall system.

3. Deployment:
- Deploy the system on scalable cloud infrastructure (e.g., AWS, Azure) to handle large-scale
voting operations. Ensure backup systems and fail-safes are in place.

3.3.1 System Architecture

Figure. 3.1 – System Architecture

3.3.2 Details of Modules

A secure online voting system using Blockchain integrates modules for identity verification,
encryption, and distributed ledgers to ensure eligible voters can cast private, immutable votes.
Smart contracts automate vote counting, while real-time monitoring and audit trails enhance
transparency. The system's decentralized nature, supported by a consensus mechanism, prevents
manipulation and ensures election security and efficiency.

The modules are:

1. Login / Register
2. Authentication page
3. Voting page

A. Login / Register Page

Initially, eligible voters create an account by providing necessary details through a secure
registration page, ensuring their identity is verified. This procedure is streamlined, requiring users
to fill in relevant information, including a valid government ID for authentication. Additionally,
voters can log in easily using their credentials, allowing them to access their accounts and
participate in the voting process securely.

B. Authentication page

The system captures user credentials, which are then encoded in a cryptographic format to ensure
security. This encoded data is utilized for further authentication processes. As illustrated in the
accompanying figure, the mechanism for securely encoding user information guarantees that only
authorized individuals can access the voting platform, protecting against unauthorized access and
ensuring the integrity of the voting system.

C. Voting page
Once the encoded vote is submitted, it is matched with the votes of other registered users. As
understood, each vote will be unique to the individual voter. This matching process can also be
viewed as verifying the authenticity of votes or voter identities. Once a match is confirmed, the
vote is counted; otherwise, it is flagged as a new record in the system. In the context of ensuring
election integrity, the scope of verifying votes expands as the system quickly analyzes submitted
votes for any discrepancies. If a discrepancy is found, the election officials and relevant
stakeholders are notified. If no issues are identified, the vote is securely recorded and counted in
the blockchain, ensuring transparency and accuracy in the voting process.
3.4 Data Model and Description

Data Model describes the relationship and association among data which includes Entity
Relationship Model.

The Secure Online Voting System is structured around several key entities that streamline the
voting process while ensuring security and efficiency. First, the User entity encapsulates the
details of individuals eligible to vote, including attributes such as User_ID, which uniquely
identifies each voter, as well as their Name, Email, Password, and Role, which indicates whether
they are a Voter or an Admin. This differentiation in roles helps manage access levels within the
system.
The Admin entity represents those responsible for overseeing the election process, featuring
attributes such as Admin_ID for unique identification, Name, Email for communication, and a
secure Password for login purposes.
The Party entity details the political parties involved in the elections, with attributes like Party_ID
to uniquely identify each party, Party_Name for its official designation, and Leader_Name, which
identifies the party leader or representative.
The Vote entity captures critical voting data, including Vote_ID, which serves as a unique
identifier for each vote, along with User_ID, linking it to the voter, Party_ID, indicating the
chosen political party, and a Timestamp to record when the vote was cast, ensuring traceability.
Finally, the Election entity represents the elections conducted within the system, characterized by
attributes such as Election_ID, which uniquely identifies each election, Election_Name for the
title, and the Start_Date and End_Date, marking the timeframe of the election.

3.5 Fundamental Model

3.5.1 Data Flow Model
The Data Flow Model for the Secure Online Voting System illustrates how data circulates within
the system, focusing on the processes involved in handling user interactions and managing voting
activities.The first key process is User Registration, where individuals provide their details
through a registration form. The system validates the entered information, checks for duplicates,
and, upon successful verification, stores the user data in the database. This foundational step
ensures that all voters are registered accurately and uniquely within the system.
Next is the User Login process. Users enter their credentials, which the system authenticates by
comparing them against the database records. Successful authentication grants users access to
voting functionalities, allowing them to engage with the electoral process securely.
Once authenticated, users proceed to the Voting Process, where they can select political party,
cast their votes. Each vote is recorded on the blockchain, which guarantees that votes are
immutable, secure, and can be traced back to the respective user and party. This step is crucial for
maintaining integrity of the election.
In parallel, there is the Admin Management process, which allows administrators to log into the
system and oversee various elements of the voting process. Admins can add or modify political
parties and monitor voting activities, ensuring that everything remains organized and secure.

Figure. 3.2 – DFD Diagram

3.6 Unified Modelling Language Diagram

The Use Case Diagram for the Secure Online Voting System highlights key interactions between
users and admin. Users can register, log in, vote, and view results, while admins log in to manage
elections and political parties. Both roles can access election results after voting concludes.

3.6.1 Use Case Diagram

The Use Case Diagram offers a visual overview of the interactions between different actors,
including users and admins, within the Secure Online Voting System. It highlights essential use
cases such as User Registration, allowing individuals to sign up to participate in elections, and
User Login, enabling authentication for access to the voting features. Registered users can engage
in the Voting process, casting their votes during elections. On the admin side, there is the Admin
Login function, which grants administrators access to manage elections and political parties
effectively. Admins also have the capability to Manage Parties, including adding, modifying, or
deleting party information. Finally, both users and admins can View Results once the voting
period concludes. This diagram succinctly encapsulates the system's functionalities and user roles,
clarifying the interactions and requirements essential for successful implementation.
 Figure. 3.3 – Use Case Diagram

3.6.2 Activity Diagram

The Activity Diagram visualizes the workflow of the Secure Online Voting System, outlining the
key activities and decision points involved in the voting process. It begins with the Registration
Process, where users provide their information, leading to either successful registration or error
handling for invalid inputs. Following this, the Authentication Flow illustrates the login sequence,
detailing the steps that result in either successful or failed authentication, guiding users
accordingly. The diagram also captures the Voting Procedure, showing how users select a political
party and confirm their vote. Overall, this diagram enhances the understanding of user interactions
within the system and underscores critical decision-making moments throughout the voting
process.
 Figure. 3.4 – Activity Diagram

3.6.3 Sequence Diagram

The Sequence Diagram illustrates the chronological interactions among users, admins, and the
voting system during essential operations. It outlines the User Registration process, detailing the
steps from user input through validation to database storage. The diagram also captures the User
Login, showing the sequence of actions that result in either successful authentication or an error
response. Additionally, it depicts the Voting Process, highlighting the order of operations as users
select political parties and submit their votes, along with the system's corresponding responses.
This visual representation aids in understanding how processes unfold over time, clarifying the
roles and interactions of each component within the voting system.

Figure. 3.5 – Sequence Diagram

3.6.4 Component Diagram
The Component Diagram illustrates the architectural framework of the Secure Online Voting
System, detailing its various components and their interactions. The Frontend serves as the user
interface, allowing users to register, vote, and view election results. The Backend handles user
requests, manages database interactions, and ensures secure communication with the blockchain.
The Blockchain Module is responsible for securely recording and managing votes, guaranteeing
both immutability and transparency. Finally, the Database stores essential information, including
user details, party information, and election data. This diagram underscores the modular design of
system, highlighting how these components collaborate to deliver seamless and secure voting
experience.

Figure. 3.6 – Component Diagram

.
3.7 Methodology
The methodology for the Secure Online Voting System follows a systematic approach to ensure
that the project is well-structured and meets its objectives. The stages include:
1. Requirement Analysis: In this phase, we gather and document the needs and expectations
of users and administrators, focusing on functionality, security, and user experience in the
voting process.
2. System Design: Based on the requirements, we develop the ER model, data flow model,
and UML diagrams. This design phase helps visualize the system architecture and
identifies potential challenges before implementation.
3. Implementation: During the stage, we create the front-end components for user registration
and login, along with back-end functionalities. Admin features for managing parties and
monitoring activities are also developed.
4. Integration: We connect the voting system with the blockchain to ensure secure, tamper-
proof recording of votes. This integration is vital for maintaining integrity of electoral
process.
5. Future Enhancements: Planning for future improvements, we aim to implement retina scan
authentication to enhance security. This biometric feature will be developed and integrated
subsequent phases of project, ensuring ongoing adaptability to emerging security threats.
 Chapter 4

Result and Discussion

This chapter includes the snapshots of the actual outputs that were seen by the user and this
chapter also contains the results of the proposed system.

4.1 Proposed System Result

The existing system that is implemented will help the common citizens participate in tracing A
secure online voting system using blockchain offers enhanced security through an immutable
ledger, ensuring votes cannot be tampered with. It promotes transparency with a publicly
accessible ledger for real-time audits while enabling multi-factor authentication for voter
verification. The system reduces costs and time by eliminating physical polling places and allows
for remote voting, increasing accessibility and participation. Additionally, it complies with legal
standards, ensuring regulatory adherence and data redundancy for disaster recovery. Overall, this
approach can transform the electoral process by increasing integrity and efficiency.

Figure 4.1 – GUI for Login page

Figure 4.2 - GUI for Register Page

Figure 4.3 – GUI for Home Page

Figure 4.4 - GUI for Authentication Page

Figre 4.5 - GUI for Add panel page

Figure 4.6 - GUI for Adding parties page

Figure 4.7 - GUI for Add voters page

 Figure 4.8 - GUI for Vote page

Figure 4.9 - GUI for Vote count page

 Figure 4.10 - GUI for Zone selection

4.2 Proposed system versus existing system

Traditional online voting systems face security challenges due to centralized databases and potential
cyber attacks. The proposed blockchain-based system enhances security by decentralizing data
storage and ensuring immutable records, reducing risks of tampering. It also improves transparency,
as the entire voting process is auditable and visible to all participants. Using cryptographic
techniques and smart contracts, the system maintains voter anonymity while ensuring verification,
protecting privacy and integrity. Automated smart contracts streamline vote tallying, reducing delays
and human errors. Moreover, blockchain’s scalability supports large-scale elections efficiently while
lowering operational costs over time.Table 4.1 – Comparison between existing and proposed system.
 Parameter Voting Proposed System
Security Vulnerable to cyberattacks and Decentralized data storage
data tampering due to centralized blockchain records.
databases.

Transparency Limited transparency as Fully auditable process, voter to

participants cannot easily audit participants on blocks.
the process.

Anonymity and Privacy Struggle to balance voter privacy Cryptographic technique

and verification, often leading to contracts ensure both vote
privacy concerns. authenticity.

Integrity Risk of vote manipulate or fraud . Immutable ledger ensure altered

once recorded.

Manual vote tallying and Automated smart contract

Efficiency centralized processing , prone to processing for faster counting.
delays and errors.

Scalability Limited scalability, especially in Easily scalable for nation millions

handling large elections. of voters due to decentralized
nature.

Cost High operational costs for Lower operational costs

verification and tallying, processes, though initial
especially with large populations. expensive.
 Conclusion
The secure online voting system using blockchain technology significantly advances the electoral
process by addressing challenges of traditional voting methods. Its immutable ledger ensures that
votes cannot be altered or deleted, greatly reducing fraud and tampering risks, thereby building
voter confidence. The transparent nature of blockchain allows for real-time auditing, ensuring
integrity without compromising voter anonymity. Multi-factor authentication and decentralized
identity verification enhance security against unauthorized manipulation, which is critical in
today’s cyber threat landscape. This online voting system improves accessibility, enabling greater
participation, particularly for marginalized groups, by removing geographical barriers and the
need for physical polling places. Moreover, it reduces operational costs associated with traditional
methods, such as printing and staffing, leading to more efficient resource allocation. The quick
tallying and reporting of results streamline the electoral process, facilitating faster feedback to the
public. However, challenges like cybersecurity, voter privacy, and regulatory compliance must be
addressed through stakeholder engagement and rigorous testing. Ultimately, the integration of
blockchain in voting offers a transformative opportunity to enhance democracy by fostering a
secure, transparent, and accessible voting environment, which could restore public confidence in
electoral systems and promote broader civic participation.
 Appendix
The system consists of the following main components:

Front-end
 HTML
 CSS
 JavaScript:

User interface for voters to interact with the system. Provides forms for registration and
voting. Validation of input data.

Back-end
 Node.js
 Express.js

Handles requests from the front-end. Communicates with the blockchain for storing and
retrieving voting data. Provides APIs for interacting with the blockchain network.

Blockchain Network:

Each vote is recorded as a transaction on a blockchain. Ensures security, immutability, and

transparency of the voting process. Smart contracts handle vote tallying and verification.
 References
[1] Ankit Anand, Pallavi Divya, An Efficient Online Voting System, Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug.
2019, pp- 2631-2634.

[2] Herbert Schildt, The Complete Reference Java2 Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition
2020.

[3] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language User
Guide. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 2020.

[4] Smita B. Khaimar, P. Sanyasi Naidu, Reena Kharat “Secure Authentication for Online
Voting System”.

[5] An Efficient Online Voting System, ISSN 2249-6645, Volume-2, Issue, July-Aug-2012,
IJMER.

[6] R Alaguvel, Jagadhambal G Gnanavel Biometrics Using Electronic Voting System with
Embedded Security, volume 2 Posted: 2021
 Acknowledgement

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide and
project co-ordinator, Mr. Wasim shaikh, for her continuous guidance and encouragement
throughout the duration of our miniproject work. It is because of her experience and
wonderful knowledge, we can fulfil the requirement of completing the miniproject within the
stipulated time. We would also like to thank Dr. Jitendra Saturwar, Head of computer
engineering department for his encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and support.

We would also like to thank our Principal, Dr. J. B. Patil and the management of Universal
College of Engineering, Vasai, Mumbai for providing us all the facilities and the work
friendly environment. We acknowledge with thanks, the assistance provided by departmental
staff, library and lab attendants.

Ms. Manali Chavan (20)

Ms. Shruti Kamble (54)

Ms. Shreya Shah (102)

Ms. Devanshi Parmar (109)