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 SeCtion 1 Know Yourself Brief Contents
Gaining self-awareness about your skills, preferences, and values will
lay the groundwork for your career development.

Chapter 1 prepare
Begin your journey by learning how careers develop and identifying resources available to you.
Chapter 2 Skills
Reflect on your past experiences and activities to begin assessing the skills you have and the
ones you need to build for your career.
Chapter 3 preferences
Discover the role your interests and personality have in developing your career. By exploring what
you like and don’t like, you’ll identify careers that are consistent with your preferences.
Chapter 4 Values
Increase your chances of being satisfied and successful in your career by assessing what is
important to you and what motivates you.

SeCtion 2 explore Your options

Building your research, communication, and decision-making skills will help you make career-
related decisions and prepare to market your assets in the world of work.
Chapter 5 explore
Learn about careers that interest you and open up new career possibilities by developing
research skills, learning how to use current technology, and taking advantage of internships and
other forms of exploration.
Chapter 6 relationships
Build your social network and develop meaningful connections to find information, gain support,
and learn about opportunities and positions that may never be formally posted.
Chapter 7 Decision Making
Learn strategies for making decisions and moving into action while adopting an open-minded
approach that will help you succeed in an unpredictable world of work.

SeCtion 3 Market Yourself

Marketing yourself successfully in the world of work is a skill to use throughout your career.
Chapter 8 tools
Build your personal brand by creating powerful tools such as targeted résumés, cover letters, and
a strong online presence.
Chapter 9 Launch
Begin your job search by building skills for interviewing, networking, and evaluating future job offers.
Chapter 10 Career Management
Prepare for your transition into the workplace and build the necessarily skills that will
demonstrate your professionalism.

Brief Contents v

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents

prefaCe xix

SeCtion i:

Know Yourself 1

Chapter 1

Prepare 2

Where Should I Start? 3

Prepare for Your Lifetime, Not Just for Your Next Job 3
Be Honest with Yourself 3
Enjoy the Learning 4
Enlist the Help of Others 4
Expect Change, and Aim for a Flexible and Responsive Career 4
Career Journal: find inspiration 5

Prepare for the World of Work 6

Diversity 6
Multigenerational Issues 7
Technology and Globalization 8
Attitudes and Behaviors for Career Development 9

What is Career Development? 9

Career profile: thomas Cain, information technology 10
Careers and Life 11
The Origins of Career Development 11
Career Development Theory 11
Career profile: Carlos rivas, not-for-profit Management
and education 13
iStockphoto.com/Christopher Futcher
Create a Career Portfolio 14
Portfolio Thinking 14
Career Portfolios and the Job Search 14
Get Started 14

Campus and Community Resources 15

exhibit 1.1 Campus and Community Resources 16
Your flexible plan: Prepare for Your Career 18
performance appraisal 19

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 task 1.1 What Would You Be Famous for? 20
task 1.2 The Multigenerational Workforce 20
task 1.3 Life Stages and Life Roles 21
task 1.4 Support Network 22
task 1.5 Resources 23
Link to CourseMate 23

Chapter 2

Skills 24

What Have You Done? 25

Career Journal: Motivated Skills 26

Skills for Career Success 27

Types of Skills 27
The 3 Rs and the 4 Cs 28
exhibit 2.1 The 4 Cs 29
How Important Are Transferable Skills? 29
Career profile: Salman Bandukda, fashion 30
The Skills Gap 31
exhibit 2.2 Top Skills Valued by Employers 31
embracing Differences: entering the Workforce 32

Assess Your Skills 33

Masterfile (Royalty-Free Div.)

Academic and Work Experiences 33

Team and Leadership Roles 33
Your Unique Combination of Skills 34
Your Personal Motivation 34
exhibit 2.3 Motivated Skills 34
tech Savvy: Digital Literacy 36
Career profile—Case Study: Mike pollan: Building Skills 37
Work with awareness: overcoming failure 37

Evidence of Skills 38
Recognizing Needed Skills 38
Choosing Skill-Building Experiences 39
Developing References for Your Career 40
Your flexible plan: Assess Your Skills 41
performance appraisal 42
task 2.1 What Have You Done? 43
task 2.2 Evidence of Skills 44
task 2.3 Expand Your Digital Literacy 44
task 2.4 Transferable Skills and Your Major 45
task 2.5 Build Your Motivated Skills 45
Link to CourseMate 45

Contents vii

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 3

Preferences 46

You Know What You Like 47

Career Journal: What Do You Like? 48
Career profile: Cara S., Medical research 49

Patterns of Interests: The Holland Codes 50

Personality Development 50
Personality Patterns 50
Personality Typology 50
exhibit 3.1 A Brief Description of the Holland Personality
Typology 51
exhibit 3.2 Holland’s Hexagonal Model 52
Work Environments 52
People in Work Environments 52
Applications of Holland’s RIASEC Theory 54
exhibit 3.3 A Brief Description of the Holland Environmental
Typology 54
exhibit 3.4 Typical College Majors by Holland Code 55
embracing Differences: Stereotype threat 56
© Sigrid Olsson/PhotoAlto/Corbis

Explore Your Preferences:

Psychological Type 57
exhibit 3.5 The MBTI® Preferences Overview 59
exhibit 3.6 Understanding MBTI® Preferences 59
exhibit 3.7 Popular Occupations for MBTI® Types 61
exhibit 3.8 Common Majors for MBTI® Types 62
Career profile—Case Study: Jasmine nouri: type in action 63
tech Savvy: online Behavior 63
Work with awareness: proactive Behavior 64

Applying Type in Everyday Life 65

exhibit 3.9 Learning Styles Associated with the MBTI®Functions 65
Your flexible plan: Define Your Preferences 67
performance appraisal 68
task 3.1 Childhood Interests 69
task 3.2 Personality and Environment 70
task 3.3 Exploring Psychological Type 70
task 3.4 Psychological Type and Careers 71
task 3.5 Career Fields to Consider 71
Link to CourseMate 72

viii Contents

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 4

Values 73

That Motivates Me 74
A Hierarchy of Needs 74
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation 75
Values as Motivators 75
exhibit 4.1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 76
Career Journal: What is important to You? 76
Career profile: Monica Baldwin, federal Law enforcement 77

Values and Your Career 79

Tasks 79
Environment 79
Relationships 79
Work-Life Balance 79
iStockphoto.com/Steve Debenport
Personal Values in the Workplace 80
exhibit 4.2 Career Values 80
Work with awareness: Corporate Social responsibility 82

Building Your Reputation 83

Your Reputation and Your Career 83
The Message You Send 84
tech Savvy: Google Yourself 84
embracing Differences: Cultural Values 85
Career profile—Case Study: alex Moreno: Values in Conflict 86

A Life Worth Living 86

Optimizing Your Experiences 86
Aiming to Flourish 87
Your flexible plan: Discover Your Values 88
performance appraisal 89
task 4.1 Choose Your Affirmations 90
task 4.2 Assess Your Career Values 91
task 4.3 Values, Jobs, and Work Environments 91
task 4.4 Analyze Your Reputation 92
task 4.5 That’s a Life Worth Living 92
Link to CourseMate 93

Contents ix

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 SeCtion ii:

Explore Your Options 95

Chapter 5

Explore 96

Connect to the World of Work 97

Periods of Economic Change 97
Connecting Careers to Skills, Preferences, and Values 97
Change in Our Present Economy 98
Innovate, Adapt, and Learn 99
Career Journal: Gathering helpful information 100
Career profile: Cody Grant, accounting 101

Four Steps to Conduct Career Research 102

Step 1: Create a List of Questions 103
Step 2: Identify Resources 103
exhibit 5.1 Career Exploration Questions 103
Step 3: Group Your Questions 104
Step 4: Start Your Research 104
Fabrice Lerouge/Jupiterimages
exhibit 5.2 Online Resources for Career Exploration 105
exhibit 5.3 Professional Associations 106
tech Savvy: Use Social Media to Become an information Magnet 107

Expand Your Options 107

Combine Your Skills 107
Increase Your Creative Thinking 108
Plan to Add Value 109
Work with awareness: Sustainability and Green Careers 109

Education, Majors, and Careers 110

Career-Related Majors 110
Liberal Arts Majors 110
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Majors 111
Exploring Education and Opportunity 111
exhibit 5.4 Careers and Transferable Skills 112
exhibit 5.5 Education, Earnings, and Unemployment 113
exhibit 5.6 Fastest Growing Occupations 114
embracing Differences: Diversity in the Workplace 115
exhibit 5.7 Diversity in the Labor Force 115
Career profile—Case Study: Daniel Chee: exploring possible alternatives 116

x Contents

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Real-World Career Exploration 117
Job Hopping Pros and Cons 117
Learn by Doing 118
Benefits of Experiential Learning 119
Your flexible plan: Explore Career Fields 120
performance appraisal 121
task 5.1 What I Want to Know: Four Steps of Career Exploration 122
task 5.2 Explore Your Creativity 123
task 5.3 Transferable Skills and the Workplace 123
task 5.4 Careers and My Major 124
task 5.5 Experiential Learning 124
Link to CourseMate 124

Chapter 6

Relationships 125

Real Relationships 126

Connect through Your Interests 126
Connect through Your Career Exploration 126
Connect through Online Social Networks 127
Career Journal: a person i Would Like to Meet 127

Types of Social Network Structures 128

Career profile: Jesse Savran, talent Management 129
Understanding Social Networks 130
Applying the Theory to Your Own Social Network 131
Expand Your Social Network 132
Identify Your Connections 132
Reach Out to Others 132
Turn Connections into Relationships 133
Work with awareness: Connect around Causes 133
tech Savvy: Build Your Connections Using online Social StockLite/Shutterstock.com
networks 134

Six Steps to Informational Interviewing 134

Step 1: Review Your Research Questions 135
Step 2: Develop Networking Questions 135
Step 3: Determine Whom to Contact 135
Step 4: Request Informational Interviews 136
Step 5: Conduct Informational Interviews 136
Step 6: After the Meeting 136
exhibit 6.1 Networking Questions 136
exhibit 6.2 Sample Structure of an Informational Interview 137
Career profile—Case Study: Leticia Beason: networking for information 138

Contents xi

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 exhibit 6.3 Informational Interview Request 138
exhibit 6.4 LinkedIn Request 139
exhibit 6.5 Networking E-mail Thank You Letter 140
embracing Differences: Disclosing a Disability 140

Networking for Internships 141

Locate Opportunities 141
Create a List of Potential Opportunities 142
Identify Connections 142
Your flexible plan: Invest in Your Relationships 143
performance appraisal 144
task 6.1 Identify Your Social Network 145
task 6.2 Create a Networking Wish List 145
task 6.3 Develop a Networking E-Mail Letter 146
task 6.4 Identify Your Talking Points 147
task 6.5 Conduct an Informational Interview 147
Link to CourseMate 147

Chapter 7

Decision Making 148

What Decisions Are Next? 149

Academic Decisions 149
Decisions During College 150
Decisions Before Entering the Workforce 150
Lifelong Learning and Ongoing Career Development 150
Career Journal: Decisions to Make 151

Improve Your Decision-Making Skills 152

Career profile: Jessica Burns, Legal Services/Consumer Goods 153
Decision-Making Approaches 154
Make Decisions Using the CASVE Cycle 155
exhibit 7.1 The CASVE Cycle 155
tech Savvy: information overload 156

Create Opportunity from Unexpected Events 157

Being Open-Minded 157
Chance Events and Your Career 158
Choose to Be Engaged 158
Identify and Take Advantage of Opportunities 158
Apply the Happenstance Learning Theory (HLT)
in Your Own Life 159
iStockphoto.com/Aldo Murillo
embracing Differences: role Models and Career Choice 159

xii Contents

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Choose a Major, Further Education, or Training 160
Choosing a Major 160
Choosing Further Education or Training 160
Making Educational Decisions 161
Work with awareness: the Gap Year 162
Career profile—Case Study: Katie Clark: Making Decisions 163

From Decisions to Action 163

The Importance of Career Decisions 164
Career Decisions Require Action 164
Move Toward Action Steps 165
Your flexible plan: Commit to Your Next Step 166
performance appraisal 167
task 7.1 What Decisions Are Next? 168
task 7.2 Consider a Career Direction 168
task 7.3 Consider a Career Decision 169
task 7.4 Create Opportunity 170
task 7.5 Overcome Obstacles to Decision Making 171
Link to CourseMate 171

SeCtion iii:

Market Yourself 173

Chapter 8

Tools 174

Job Search Tools and Your Career

Development 175
What are Job Search Tools? 175
A Clear and Consistent Message 175
Learn from Your Job Search Tools 175
Career Journal: highlight Your assets 176
West Coast Surfer/age fotostock

Career profile: aJ Sabath, Business Consulting 177

Build Your Brand 178

I’m a Person, Not a Brand! 178
Identify Your Brand 178
Demonstrate Your Personal Brand in Your Job Search Tools 179
Skill, Preferences, Values, and Your Brand 179
tech Savvy: Branding Yourself through Blogs, Social networking Sites,
and online Discourse 180

Contents xiii

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Résumés for the Real World 180
Choose a Résumé Format 180
The Basics of Résumé Writing 182
Prepare a Targeted Résumé 183
exhibit 8.1 Résumé Sections 185
exhibit 8.2 How to Get Your Résumé past a Recruiter’s Screening Process 186
tech Savvy: Sending Your résumé and Cover Letter online 187

Just Say It! Action Verbs 187

exhibit 8.3 250 Action Verbs 188
Work with awareness: Market Your Social awareness 189

Prepare Winning Cover Letters 189

Cover Letter Sections 190
Create a Targeted Cover Letter 190
Sending the Cover Letter 191
embracing Differences: Where in the World will Your Career take You?
Cultural Differences in Job-Search Materials 191

Additional Job Search Tools 192

References 192
Thank You Letters 192
Job Applications 192
Career profile—Case Studies: tools for Career Development 193
exhibit 8.4 Elevator Pitch/Mike Pollan/Physical Therapy 193
exhibit 8.5 Reverse Chronological Resume/Jasmine Nouri/
Finance Internship 195
exhibit 8.6 Thank You Letter/Jasmine Nouri/Finance Internship 196
exhibit 8.7 Reverse Chronological Résumé/Alex Moreno/Research Position 198
exhibit 8.8 E-Mail Cover Letter/Alex Moreno/Research Position 199
exhibit 8.9 Cover Letter (as Attachment)/Alex Moreno/Research Position 200
exhibit 8.10 Curriculum Vitae or CV (2 pages)/Alex Moreno/
Research Position 201
exhibit 8.11 Functional Résumé/Daniel Chee/Not-for-Profit 204
exhibit 8.12 E-mail Cover Letter (with Bullets)/Daniel Chee/
Not-for-Profit 205
exhibit 8.13 Reverse Chronological Résumé/Leticia Beason/
Event Coordinator 207
exhibit 8.14 E-Mail Cover Letter/Leticia Beason/Event Coordinator 208
exhibit 8.15 References/Leticia Beason/Event Coordinator 209
exhibit 8.16 Combination Résumé/Katie Clarke/Hospitality 211
exhibit 8.17 E-Mail Cover Letter/Katie Clarke/Hospitality 212
exhibit 8.18 Reverse Chronological Résumé/Mason Wolff/
Web Design 214
exhibit 8.19 E-mail Cover Letter/Mason Wolff/Web Design 215
exhibit 8.20 Brief Biography/Mason Wolff/Web Design 216
exhibit 8.21 Job Search Application 217
Your flexible plan: Create Your Job Search Tools 219
xiv Chapter 5 ● explore

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 performance appraisal 220
task 8.1 Your Personal Brand 221
task 8.2 Create a Description Using Action Verbs 222
task 8.3 Summarize Your Assets 222
task 8.4 Are Your Career Interests Represented in Your Experience? 223
task 8.5 Your Social Media: Asset or Liability? 223
Link to CourseMate 224

Chapter 9

Launch 225

Conduct A Successful Job Search 226

Reflect on Your Target Industries, Organizations, and Positions 226
Search for Job Leads 227
Create a Job Search Plan 227
Stay Active and Engaged 227
Career Journal: Career Success 228
Career profile: Sarah Moltzen: environmental Consulting 229
exhibit 9.1 Search for Job Leads 230
A New Beginning: Resources for
Career Change and Reentry 231
Networking for Experienced Adults 231
The Most Challenging Job Search Topics 232

AP Photo/Republican-Herald, Nick Meyer

Use All of Your Available Resources 232
exhibit 9.2 Job-Listing Websites 233
Work with awareness: Wellness 235
tech Savvy: technology and Your Job Search 236

Networking for Job Opportunities 236

Think of Others First 237
Break the Ice before You Ask for Anything 237
Use an Elevator Pitch 238
The Goal of Networking 239
Connect First, and the Job Leads Will Follow 240
exhibit 9.3 Prepare for a Career or Job Fair 241
Career profile—Case Study: Mason Wolff: networking for a Job 241
exhibit 9.4: Networking Letter 242
Strategies for Successful Interviewing 243
Types of Interviews 243
Interview Formats 244
Prepare through Career Exploration 244
Improve Your Interviewing Skills 245

Explore Careers in an Unpredictable Future xv

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 exhibit 9.5 Before, During, and After the Interview 245
exhibit 9.6 Interview Questions 247
embracing Differences: Discrimination and affirmative action 248
exhibit 9.7 Illegal Interview Questions 249
Professional Attire and Your Job Search 250
Interview Attire 251
A Professional Wardrobe 251
exhibit 9.8 Professional Attire 251
Evaluating Next Steps and Negotiating 252
When an Offer Is Made 252
Negotiating Your Compensation Package: Salary, Benefits, and More 253
Evaluating Offers and Making Decisions 254
If You Do Not Receive an Offer 255
Your flexible plan: Initiate a Job or Internship Search 256
performance appraisal 257
task 9.1 Create a Job Search Plan 258
task 9.2 Create an Elevator Pitch 258
task 9.3 Tell Me about Yourself 259
task 9.4 Prepare for a Practice Interview 260
task 9.5 Prepare for a Career Fair 260
Link to CourseMate 261

Chapter 10

Career Management 262

Professionalism in the Workplace 263

The First Day 263
Your First Year 264
Career Journal: on the Job 266

Career profile: noemi S., print and Web publishing 267

Succeeding with Mentors 268

The Benefits of Mentoring 269
iStockphoto.com/kristian sekulic
Find a Mentor 269
Be a Great Mentee 270
Career profile: Bhavika Mody, health Care 271

tech Savvy: technology and Your Daily Work experience 272

embracing Differences: harassment in the Workplace 272

Financial Planning Basics 273

Develop Financial Goals 273
Create a Budget 274

xvi Chapter 5 ● explore

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Financing Your Education 274
Debt and Investments, Assets, and Liabilities 275
Understand Your Credit Rating 275
Company Benefits 276
Work with awareness: Lifelong Learning 276

The Life You Want Now . . . And in the Future 277

Your Future Self 277
Work-Life Balance 278
Creating Ongoing Career Success 279
Your flexible plan: Plan of Action and Analysis: Manage your Career 280
performance appraisal 281
task 10.1 Skills That Demonstrate Professionalism 282
task 10.2 Choose Your Mentors 282
task 10.3 Lifelong Learning 283
task 10.4 Create a Budget 283
task 10.5 Your Definition of Personal Success 284
Link to CourseMate 284

appenDix 285
referenCeS 288
inDex 293

Explore Careers in an Unpredictable Future xvii

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Quick Guide to
Key Themes in This Text

Creating Career Success will help students:

● Build a self-directed, flexible, and adaptable career plan

● Create a network of meaningful connections

● Build and promote a personal brand

● Write a résumé and cover letter that will get through the
initial screening process

● Take advantage of unplanned events

● Use technology to benefit all aspects of career

development

For more information, continue reading the preface!

xviii Chapter 5 ● explore

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface
In the past few years, so much has changed in the world of
work. It used to be possible to make decisions about one’s future and plan a career
and a future path. Now, in an economy where job security is a thing of the past, lay-
offs are common, and people change jobs and careers frequently, planning a career
may seem overwhelming. We believe it is possible to look at an unpredictable
world and feel confident about career potential. The skills for building career
success are different than before, and that is why we wrote this text.
Today, a whole new approach is needed. When we began exploring how “Designed for students
to take the experience in our courses and bring it to life in the pages of a
book, we hoped to bring to students the excitement, curiosity, and structure who are ready to take ac-
that is critical for proactive career development.
tion and control of their
Helping students develop careers in an unpredictable economy is a recent
challenge. As instructors and career counselors, we know that the job market own career management,
changes rapidly due to innovation and globalization, and that job security no
longer exists. Many of us have shifted our focus away from helping students this textbook promotes
make one-time career decisions and toward learning to be open-minded and not only development and
to create opportunity.
We wrote this book because we believe that the traditional tools of ca- exploration, but also the
reer development, namely, assessment, exploration, and decision making are need to be adaptable and
more important than ever. Students need to be prepared to manage the un-
expected twists and turns they face. Creating Career Success offers students a proactive when achieving
foundation for understanding how their assets are relevant in the economy
career decision-making
and how to build a future that meets their personal goals.
Creating Career Success helps success.”
students develop a self-directed, Sally Dingee,
flexible plan to launch and man- Monroe Community College
age their careers over the years to
“These real-world snap- come, using the latest technological
shots of employee and resources and job-search strategies.
Through a process of self-assessment, stu-
employer are indispens- dents identify their skills, interests, and val-
able. Outstanding!” ues and then learn to connect their strengths
with knowledge they acquire about the
Doris Haugen,
Judson University world of work. Most importantly, students
are encouraged to keep their minds and op-
tions open, and to engage themselves fully
in their own career development.

We look forward to being part of the journey!

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 The tools in this text are designed to help students learn about themselves and the world
around them, make better decisions, and create their own personal version of career success.
Read on to see how this book can answer common questions we hear from students.

Preparing for a career and the job search is

How will this exciting—students are embarking on a path
text help me that is up to them to construct. However, ca-
reer development can also seem overwhelming

build a career? because there is so much that is unknown or

that might
change.
Students “This text addresses
may be con-
cerned about their decisions, the job search, the current need for
the impact of the economy, and more. students to take re-
Creating Career Success helps students
build a flexible and adaptable plan for self- sponsibility, be flexible
management in an unpredictable environ-
and adaptable, and be
ment. Self-awareness, global awareness, and
self-marketing skills will help students navi- engaged in every step
gate their careers throughout their lifespan.
Readers are introduced to real people of their career.”
and fictional students throughout the text, James Rubin,
Paradise Valley
allowing them to connect their experiences
Community College
to real and possible situations.
● Career Profile. Organized in a ques-
tion and answer format, the Career Profile
feature highlights success stories of real people in the workplace and their
employers, coworkers, or mentors. Readers will see firsthand what it takes to be
successful in today’s workplace and be prompted to think critically about skills,
rubberball/Jupiterimages

values, and strategies they can apply to their own career development.
● Career Profile Case Studies. Case studies highlight common issues, questions,

and challenges that many students will face when building a career.
shing
LE ● Noem
i S., Pr int and Web Publi To help these case studies come alive, Chapter 8: Tools includes
❯❯ CAREER PROFI t industry. You love

S.
should be in tha
weddings.” I wen
t to the From Noe mi’s
examples of job-search materials such as résumés, cover letters, and
Name: Noemi Employer
College Degree
Hispanic Stud ies
: BA in
Name: Rick Bard
Title: Editor/Publi
sher , Ma nha ttan target jobs or internships related to each case study. For example,
Courtesy of Rick Bard

n: Associate
Current Positio
Courtesy of Noemi Smith

Edit or
Employer: Ma
nhattan
Bride
roach the hiring
students are introduced to Alex Moreno in Chapter 4: Values. Alex
How do you app
Bride process?
Our approach
to hirin g is clos ely
Over 25 years
has decided to postpone medical school and find an interim job that
ut your ational values. a founda-
Tell us a little abo ara
par n..
tion
atio tied to our organiz a different magazine, I started
would help him explore his interests while gaining experience in the
eer prerep
dem ic exp erience and car ey befo re coll ege.
whi le pub lishi ng in New Yor k and to
aca mon ago, children
r and a half to save then transferred to an- ey for homeless was at the
I worked for a yea and tion to raise mon . The first event
-year college first cation. Even cancer research . I turned
I went to one four
othe r with a full scholarship for
larship covered
the rest of my edu money for
my tuition, I nee ded
in school. It
help fund breast
Plaza Hot el, and it felt like a large, imp
ortant wedding
that a lot
azines and realized g answered. Fifteen
of my que stions field of medical research. In
though the scho job while I was to the bridal mag not bein
expenses, and so
was hard to leav
I started a full-time and I got a lower grade
ses,
e work for my clas for the first time. This mo-
n’s list
abo ut plan ning
years later, after
this event were
throwing more
tha n 40 maj
e. Our touchsto
or cha ritable
ne is the gener-
Tools readers see examples of a job listing that he is
Chapter 8, Tools,
was off the dea trainer while Manhattan Brid te for each of thos
e
in one class and s as a personal events, I started
tivated me to star
t my own busines
ol, to set my own
hou rs. ous spir it and ambiance
we tried to crea
We want to offer
our clien ts tha t same spirit
than they
applying to, his targeted résumé, a networking-style cover letter,
I was still in scho charitable events. giving more quality and service
and a curriculum vitae or CV for those positions that request one.
gen-
ren t pos itio n? of gen erosity, always s to app reci ate this spirit of
to your cur a personal trainer
while
ect. We want our
new hire
e. We want to trai
n
What led you kept working as online exp with that purpos
ted, I looking aligned amount
When I gradua One day, I was erosity and to be ple with a certain
t I wanted to do. liked and looking for peo
I figured out wha my sister what I people, so we’re
ding and I told said, “You
at a celebrity wed tly for the wed ding . She
ld do diff eren
what I wou

xx Preface

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 When students learn more about careers that connect to their current
interests, it allows them to remain flexible and open-minded as they How do I connect my
interests to my
become exposed to information about the world of work. Career Jour-
nal, found throughout the text, encourages readers to personalize the

career?
chapter content to their own lives.
Understanding the relationship between careers and prefer-
ences can help students identify patterns of interest and personality
types and how these relate to career fields. Chapter 3: Preferences
will help students understand the career paths and occupations that are
typically chosen by people with similar interests and preferences, and help them
consider how they want to connect their own preferences with the world of work.
Special tools include:
● Career Journal: What Do You Like? Stu-
dents are guided to reflect on their interests
“My favorite feature is and assess the areas that energize them
most. Assessing preferences early on will
the Journaling exercise. help students identify themes and learning
It teaches students how opportunities that they want to pursue.
Holland’s Personality Types. Students will
to creatively write and
●

learn about Holland’s RIASEC Theory and

view their lives and explore Realistic, Investigative, Artistic,
Social, Enterprising, and Conventional
allows them to think themes. Students are given the opportunity
outside the box, which to see how their own RIASEC Code con-
nects with occupations and majors to help
often leads to new them identify careers they want to explore.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Students learn

© Wavebreak Media Ltd./Corbis

career discoveries! In
●

to explore their preferences along each of the

my experience, students four dimensions of the MBTI® instrument:
how they get energized, gather information,
often keep journals even make decisions, and act on that information
when they are done (Briggs Myers, Kirby,
and Myers 1998). RNAL ● Mo
tivated Skills
❯❯ CAREER JOU
with the class. Some have Students will learn how Use the space belo
w to write about
your thoughts and
feelings.

obtained jobs through their preferences are re- developed a skill

that was so enjo
yable that you wou
ld

in which you used or at did you do?

lated to occupations and erience nce ? Wh
Describe an exp at was the experie
developing it. Wh
like to continue

journaling.” majors and how under-

Pam Zuckerman, Fashion standing preferences can
Institute of Technology help them succeed in the What skill(s) did
you use?

workplace. Harness the

power of the Myers-Briggs skill feel like it cam
e naturally
any aspects of this
Type Indicator® (MBTI®) What made this
skill enjoyable for
aspects pos e a
you to use? Did
cha llenge for you?
for you? Did any
assessment by bundling
MBTI®Complete with
Creating Career Success.

Preface xxi

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 It used to be possible to create a long-term,
How will I reliable plan for one’s career within a fairly
predictable global economy. Now, it is up to

find a job in students to adapt and respond to a rapidly

changing world. Mastering job-search skills is

today’s economy?
a valuable, lifelong asset in a global economy
where people change jobs and careers fre-
quently and job security no longer exists. Fea-
tures in this text that help students understand
the reality of today’s world include:
● Career Portfolio. The online FolioTek portfolio tool will help students develop
career-management skills by providing a format for organizing job-search materi-
als, storing key tools for assessment, and providing a resource for tracking accom-
plishments and identifying career-building needs.
● Embracing Differences. This feature, found in each chapter, will help students learn
about how the workplace is becoming more diverse, understand their rights as they
apply to disabilities, and see the need for individuals to work together, find common
themes, and manage differences effectively.
● Work with Awareness. In
each chapter, students ❯❯ WORK WITH AWARENESS ● Sustainability and Green Careers
will consider how they A growing segment in the job market is represented by (Shannon 2011). Furthermore, green careers are not only for
wish to connect their green careers. Green careers involve jobs that preserve
and restore the quality of the environment. There may
scientists and white-collar managers. For instance, 69 percent of
all green careers are in manufacturing, compared to 43 percent
values with their career be many reasons for the growing trend for green careers, includ- of all U.S. jobs (Kuang 2011). In addition, many opportunities are
ing such issues as long-term cost savings, an interest in preserving opening for green jobs in a wide range of industries including
and learn strategies to the environment, or a desire for companies to appeal to envi- traditional fields, such as banking, consumer products, marketing,
ronmentally conscious consumers. Regardless of the determining or the law, in ways that are indirectly related to the green move-
apply socially-aware factors, green careers are expanding significantly. ment, environmental issues, or sustainability. An example is a
In fact, the growth of green careers has far exceeded growth consumer-goods company aiming to reduce the plastic involved
concepts to their career in other areas. Between 1987 and 1997, green careers grew in packaging for their products.
at almost triple the rate of traditional jobs (3.7% vs. 9.1%)
plan.
● Tech Savvy. As technol-
ogy continues to evolve, the way we work
Ana Blazic/Shutterstock.com

changes. Readers will learn ways to ef-

fectively and responsibly use technology “Students have heard
to find information and promote their
personal brand.
much on globalization,
❯❯ TECH SAVVY ● Use Social Media To Become an Information Magnet
but, for many, it is just
Social media has added a new spin on career explora- people and organizations for your professional interests, choose another word. What is
tion. Now you can filter the news, search easily for in- “#discover” on the top bar, then “browse categories” on the far
formation in your industry, and have current events and
employer updates sent to your e-mail or social media accounts.
left, and type the name of any topic that interests you.
contained in the chapters
Here are some of the most common social media resources and Pinterest. Pinterest is a great resource for learning more

I read reveals applicable

how they can help you stay up-to-date. about people’s interests and sources for inspiration, from prod-
ucts to images. By looking up the Pinterest pages of organiza-
Facebook. On Facebook, anytime you “like” a company tions, people in your industry, and bloggers who comment on

information that discusses

or professional organization, updates will show up in your your industry, you can search images that impact their ideas.
newsfeed. To have industry-specific information come to you, These may also include comments and links to related blogs or
consider “liking” a news source or informational site for your in- websites. Although Pinterest has gained in popularity, you may

pertinent issues of diver-

dustry. Some suggestions include Mashable for techies, find more professional activity on Pinterest in visual fields, such as
MediaBistro for media-related fields, or Stylesight for fashion fashion, design, art, and architecture.
trends.
LinkedIn. LinkedIn allows you to join groups related to your
Twitter. Twitter allows you to “follow” companies or people in
the fields that interest you. With Twitter, you stay on top of your
career interests and follow companies of interest. When you
join a group, you will be prompted to decide the frequency
sity and its place in the
industry by reading brief entries that are 140 character or less, with which you want to receive updates and how you wish to be
may include links to helpful articles or blogs, and are connected
by an archival system using hashtags (e.g. #education). To find
contacted. Searching directly for companies and looking to see if
any of your connections work there is a great way to find
larger world of work.”
Jeanne Kempiak,
College of DuPage

xxii Chapter 5
Preface ● explore

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
mountains beyond the Spanish frontier, and the foreground of French,
English, and cosmopolitan visitors.
One may be looking at the people quite aimlessly, when one of the
groups strolling slowly along among the rest suddenly attracts one’s
attention, owing to the extreme familiarity of one of the figures—a man a
little below the average height, having an almost white beard and a very
pleasant and charming manner as he talks to a little girl and boy walking
with him. It is King Edward VII., with two of his grandchildren, and with
them are one or two friends or members of the Court. No one pays the
slightest attention to the royal group, no one raises his hat, and no one turns
his snapshot camera in that direction; for it is understood that when the
King of England comes to the Hôtel du Palais at Biarritz he wishes to leave
all ceremony behind, and enjoy a spring holiday with as little ostentation as
possible.
 SECTION XI

BIARRITZ TO PAMPLONA AND BACK VIA SAN

SEBASTIAN, 155 MILES
(250 KILOMETRES)
DISTANCES ALONG THE ROUTE
Kil. Miles.
Biarritz to St. Jean de Luz 16 10
St. Jean de Luz to Béhobie (frontier) 10 6¼
Béhobie (frontier) to Vera 15 9½
Vera to Almandoz 37 23
Almandoz to Pamplona 39 24
Pamplona to Tolosa 58 36
Tolosa to San Sebastian 23 14¼
San Sebastian to Fuentarrabia 20 12¼
Fuentarrabia to Béhobie (frontier) 6 3¾
Béhobie (frontier) to Biarritz 26 16
NOTES FOR DRIVERS
Only those who have cars capable of climbing for many miles up some
exceedingly steep gradients should attempt this little two-day journey
through the Basque Country of Spain to Pamplona. The surface of the
road is very dusty but good between Biarritz and Béhobie, and it is
rather better and much less dusty from the frontier to a little beyond
Irurita. Beyond that the steep gradients begin, and the surface of the
road becomes loose in places, although it keeps fairly good until the
long zigzag ascent to the Col de Velate, a pass among the mountains,
2,717 feet above sea-level.
Snow lingers in small patches at this height until April, but information as
to the state of the road can easily be obtained in Bayonne, Biarritz, or
Béhobie, before starting.
There is no need to fear brigands now that a couple of soldiers are always
stationed at the head of the pass.
Beyond the Col de Velate the surface rapidly improves, and becomes quite
good when the steepest part of the descent to Pamplona has been
accomplished.
Pamplona to San Sebastian.—This is a good but dusty road, except on
the very steep gradients which occur about halfway. There is a very steep
and very dangerous winding descent on leaving a long and narrow ravine,
but otherwise the descent towards the coast is gentle and continuous.
It is wise to carry provisions in the car for this journey, as the villages do
not cater for visitors or tourists. The fonda at Sant’ Esteban can provide,
however, a most excellent lunch, although giving only the slightest
signs of such a possibility. The Hôtel la Perla at Pamplona is clean and
the food excellent.
PLACES OF INTEREST ON THE ROUTE
St. Jean de Luz.—Picturesque town on level ground, with a small bay, old
houses, curious church, and Château de Louis XIV. Wellington’s
headquarters in 1813-1814.
Béhobie.—A frontier village by the international bridge over the Bidassoa.
Irurita.—An old and very quaint Spanish town, with several houses
ornamented with the armorial bearings of their noble owners.
Col de Velate.—A pass through the Pyrenees at a height of 2,717 feet,
guarded by soldiers to prevent brigandage.
Villava.—Has the ruins of an ancient convent and some Renaissance
houses.
Pamplona.—A large walled city, the capital of Navarre; has no great
attractions beyond its situation, its massive walls, and the Spanish life
of the streets. (1) Cathedral founded in 1397, and façade rebuilt in 1783;
(2) Church of San Nicolás, twelfth and thirteenth centuries; (3) San
Saturnino, a curious building, much altered since the fourteenth century;
(4) the citadel has seen much fighting, down to the Carlist War of 1875-
1876.
Road to Tolosa.—Through a long ravine for a great part of the way; small,
scattered villages here and there.
Tolosa.—A small town, with dark and narrow streets; Church of Santa
Maria has elaborate classic front.
San Sebastian.—A large and very attractive Spanish watering-place,
frequently visited by the King of Spain; citadel, on Mont Orgullo, is all
that remains of the defences of the town, besieged by the English in the
Peninsular War; Churches of Santa Maria, built in 1743, and San
Vicente, rebuilt in 1507; modern bull-ring.
Irun.—A small town of little interest; the church dates from 1508.
Fuentarrabia.—A very quaint old walled town, at the mouth of the
Bidassoa, about 3 kilometres from the main road at Irun.
This section of the tour is a two days’ journey to and from Pamplona, the
capital of Navarre. It is recommended on account of the scenery of the
passes of the Pyrenees which are traversed rather than for any architectural
or archæological interest, beyond the picturesqueness of the houses of the
wayside villages.
For the whole time one is either among the Basque people or their
neighbours a little to the south, who are sufficiently similar to them to be
almost indistinguishable.
THE BASQUES
The Basque people, when unmixed, are a fair people in face and hair,
and they are generally regarded as the survivors of the Iberian race which in
primitive times occupied Western Europe from Spain to Ireland.
Everywhere else they appear to have been absorbed by other races, and by
many who have studied the subject have been looked upon as a part of the
stock of the modern English, Irish, and Welsh.
Their language is of the agglutinative order, and has been called the
despair of philologists, the difficulty of discovering how many of the
Basque words have not been assimilated from other tongues being almost
insurmountable.
Of the religion of the ancient Basques Dr. Webster declares that no signs
remain, their country being without burial tumuli or standing stones,
although in the neighbouring areas the tumuli are thickly sown. The early
Christian missionaries speak of idols, but no one knows what these were.
Although a Roman road penetrates the heart of their country, the Basques
were very gradually Christianized, while the Celts, on the contrary, were
very susceptible to the new teaching from the East.
The Basques now hold to Roman Catholicism with firmness, and are an
industrious, hospitable, and very courteous people, and are not given to
excess or extravagance. They also differ from the city-loving Celts,
according to Mommsen, in their love of the country. They delight in
scattered habitations, and many of the Basque villages have scarcely
anything that can be called a street. When they emigrate, it is to South
rather than to North America, the Pampas life seeming to attract rather than
to repel them. ‘In forty-eight hours after their arrival,’ said a French chargé
d’affaires at Montevideo, ‘you will find not a Basque in the town.’ It is very
interesting, too, that in South America the dolichocephalic Basques are
always regarded as distinct from Spaniards and Frenchmen, the brand of
their race being deeper than the superficial signs of their nationality!
It is a rare thing to see a plough in the Basque Country, and the writer
has not yet done so. Instead of this ancient labour-saving implement these
remarkable people use the laya, or two-pronged digging-fork. This curious
implement has a handle coming from one side, and is thus in the form of the
letter h. One often sees a row of six or seven villagers—men, women, and
children—working shoulder to shoulder. All the forks are raised aloft
simultaneously, then driven into the soil from the full length of the arm
perpendicularly, and when the forks have been driven home with the foot,
the soil is turned over like a furrow by the pushing forward of all the forks
in a row. In this way a width of ground about eight feet wide, more or less,
according to the number of diggers, is ploughed into furrows with
wonderful rapidity, for the people work with the greatest energy, which
often surprises the stranger, who, on crossing the frontier, expects to enter a
land of idlers.
 No. 12. BIARRITZ TO PAMPLONA.

LEAVING BIARRITZ
The road to the main-line station of Biarritz also takes one to the
highway for St. Jean de Luz and the Spanish frontier; but there is another
route closer to the sea, indicated in the sectional map, which joins the dusty
national road near Bi dar t , and, being shorter and less frequented, is worth
consideration, although there are one or two places where one needs to go
slowly in order to take the right turning.
ST. JEAN DE LUZ
is a quaint and attractive little town on flat ground almost level with the sea
at the mouth of the Nivelle. There is also an oval bay protected by
breakwaters.
In the town there are several picturesque half-timbered houses with
upper stories projecting on carved wooden corbels, and in the main street is
the very typical Basque church of St. Jean Baptiste, in which Louis XIV.
was married to the Infanta Marie-Thérèse of Spain on June 9, 1660. The
interior suggests a spacious concert-hall or theatre rather than a church, for
it is an aisleless structure with three tiers of black oak galleries fixed against
the walls one above the other. The men, in accordance with the Basque
custom, occupy the

THE METHOD OF SHOEING BULLOCKS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY.

A sketch at Sant’ Esteban. (Page 207.)

galleries, while the women have the great surface of rather dusty wooden
floor to themselves.
Just where it is necessary to turn to the left to get to the bridge the
square-turreted Château de Louis XIV., built by Louis XIII., stands
overlooking a wide place. The Mairie, built in 1657, contains the act of
marriage of Louis XIV., and the Maison de l’Infante, on the quay, is shown
as the house where the royal bride stayed before her wedding; it contains a
painting of the ceremony by Gérôme.
No. 2, Rue Mazarin, behind the Maison de l’Infante, was occupied by
Wellington when he had his headquarters in the town from November 17,
1813, to February 20, 1814, after defeating Soult at the Battle of the
Nivelle. In this time of inactivity, while preparations were being made for
investing Bayonne, the life in St. Jean de Luz is thus sketched by Colonel
Hill James:
‘A gay little town was St. Jean de Luz in those days, when a pack of
English foxhounds successfully drew the neighbouring woods, followed by
a brilliant field of the boldest spirits of the day. Lord Wellington encouraged
the sport by constantly appearing at the meets, wearing his favourite
Salisbury Hunt livery of sky-blue with black cape. The Basque inhabitants
flocked to see this novel sport, undismayed by their warlike surroundings;
for the manly, honest, and straightforward conduct of the strangers had
reassured them, and they had returned to their homes to court the presence
and protection of the British Army, which paid with a liberal hand in good
coin for all it required.’

As long ago as 1520 Basque ships sailed from St. Jean de Luz to fish off
the coast of Newfoundland, and as pioneers in this enterprise one can feel
the fullest sympathy for the tenacity with which the French have held to
their fishery rights on that part of the American coast.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries St. Jean prospered
exceedingly, although in 1588 the Spaniards had succeeded in burning the
town, in revenge for the many things they had suffered at the hands of the
Basque corsairs who lived at the mouth of the Nivelle.
When the Duke of Buckingham was endeavouring to assist the
Huguenots of La Rochelle in their desperate resistance to the huge forces
brought against it by Richelieu, St. Jean de Luz sent fifty ships to the help
of the garrison of the Île de Rhé, which had been blockaded by the English
fleet, and Buckingham, having failed in his final assault, was forced to sail
homewards and leave the Protestant town to fight the whole forces of
France. It held out for fifteen months, capitulating in October, 1628.
The pretty village of Ur r ugne, with its curious classic church, stands
close to the foot-hills of the mountain chain which almost touches the sea at
this point.
 The curves of the road give beautiful views over the sea—a lovely blue
flecked with breaking waves—and the green valleys dotted with white
houses between the bare, buff-coloured mountain ridges.
BÉHOBIE (the Franco-Spanish frontier village)
In the little street of this village on the Bidassoa one must come to a halt
at the sentry-box by the international bridge, where the official enters
particulars of the car in a book, salutes, and allows one to cross the river.
On the other side Spanish officials direct one to turn to the right to reach the
Customs-house, where, if all arrangements have been made at home, it is
only necessary to produce the triptique, and pay a small sum, according to
one’s destination and the amount of petrol in the tank, which is calculated
by depth only, and not capacity!
When the officials are satisfied, one is free to go where one chooses
without any more trouble; but before leaving Béhobie it is worth while to
look at the Î l e des F ai sans , an island in the Bidassoa famous for the
meetings and conferences it has witnessed. The most memorable are the
meeting of Louis XI. and Henry IV. of Castile in 1463, the farewell of
François to his two sons on their way to Spain as hostages in 1526, and the
meeting in 1565 between Charles IX. and Catherine de Medici with her
daughter Elizabeth, wife of Philip II. of Spain.
‘Their majesties of France,’ says an old chronicler, ‘having heard through
Monsieur d’Orléans that the Queen of Spain was to cross the river which
separateth the two kingdoms on the South, dined full early, and, straightway
after dinner, they set off for this same river, adjoining the which they caused
leafy bowers to be builded, about two leagues distant from St. Jehan de Luz;
where they, having come, waited some two hours for her approach in a heat
so desperate, that five or six soldiers of Strozzi’s troops died, suffocated in
their armour. At last, towards two o’clock, the Court of the Queen was
beheld drawing near, then the Queen-Mother, seized with a great joy,
crossed the river, and found herself face to face with her whom she had so
long desired.’

In 1660 Louis XIV. met his future bride at Béhobie, and a great pavilion
was put up for their reception. It was decorated by Velasquez, who caught a
fever there, and died shortly after his return to Madrid.
The first turning to the left after crossing the bridge over the Bidassoa is
taken, and for several miles the road follows the river in a narrowing valley.
 At the bridge where the road takes to the right bank of the river there is a
charge of 5 pesetas made for automobiles.
The scenery becomes more mountainous every mile, but the road keeps
fairly level as it winds through the steep-sided ravine of the Bidassoa. The
shiny foliage of box trees and bushes clothes the precipitous ascents in a
dark green garment, threadbare in places where the woodman has been at
work, and the rough banks by the roadside are in spring starred with
primroses growing among mosses, penny-pies, and withered ferns of the
previous year. The lonely houses now and then to be seen in the valley are
of the same type all the way to Pamplona. They have low-pitched, brown-
tiled roofs with a very wide overhang at the gables, shading a quaint
balcony at one end. The woodwork is often painted green or brown, and the
building is almost invariably whitewashed, leaving a margin of red stone
showing round windows and doors and at each corner. Where there are any
chimneys, they are of the diminutive type one finds in Italy. The shutters are
often plain and solid, and of different colours.
Ver a is the first village of a series. They are all small, the Basques, as
already mentioned, disliking anything but hamlets, and all are of great
picturesqueness. In general character they are very similar, each having,
besides its wide-eaved balconied houses, a rushing stream crossed by a
simple stone bridge half grown over with ivy, one or two bullock-carts, with
a few men whose clean-shaven faces and regular, almost handsome,
features seem too good to be true, a simple church, and possibly a military-
looking personage in a brilliant uniform at the door of one of the houses.
The bullock-carts are often of the most primitive type, with spokeless
wheels, such as one associates with the chariots of prehistoric man! Close to
the fonda at Sant’ Esteban there is a smithy where the bullocks are shod. As
the beasts do not stand quietly during the operation, they are slung in the
wooden framework shown in the accompanying illustration, their knees
resting on brackets and their hind-legs stretched out over a bar. They seem
to rest quite comfortably on the broad girths by which they are suspended.
Those who visit Spain should remember that fonda means inn, and also
that, in villages where there is no sign of the word on any of the houses,
there may nevertheless be an inn of a simple character where a modest meal
can be obtained.
 Of the fonda at Sant’ Esteban the writer can speak with recent experience
of the excellent lunch of three or four courses, including an appetizing
omelette, which was prepared in a short quarter of an hour for five hungry
travellers. The waitress was a little girl of about fourteen, whose dignified
manner gave a finish to the meal, especially when she insisted on removing
the tablecloth before placing the dessert and wine on the old mahogany
table.
L eg asa is the next village. It has the usual features and conspicuously
pretty children.
Nar vat e is very quaint, with its wide green balconies and the carved
stone panels in the walls of the larger houses, revealing the heraldic
dignities of the owners.
Gorse is abundant, and in some of the villages one sees fences made of
thin slabs of stone placed upright on their edges in exactly the same fashion
as in the Lake District of England.
At the little town of I r ur ita , where coats of arms and carved wooden
brackets are numerous, the road from Bayonne is joined, and almost
immediately afterwards the road begins a long winding ascent among steep
hillsides covered here and there with short beeches.
The haystacks are built round a central pole, as one sees them all over
Italy, and the gates into the fields are of that awkward type which consists
of several loose bars or thin poles dropped one above the other between two
uprights placed close together at each side of the opening in the hedge or
stone wall.
Climbing steadily, one is soon high above the green valley, with its string
of villages just passed through, and the views become increasingly
mountainous and austere. Great serrated ridges form the horizon, and naked
rocks show above the road on the left. The villages become more scattered,
and soon after Al m andoz there is a vast solitude of precipitous ascents
covered with low beech-trees, until the bare crags and peaks, whitened here
and there with patches of snow, stand out against the clear sky and the
drifting clouds.
From this point to the head of the Col de Velate the surface of the
road is loose, and in places furrowed with running water, and the gradients
become very steep, with sharp curves which necessitate careful driving, but
a 12 to 15
 ONE OF THE GATES OF PAMPLONA, THE CAPITAL OF NAVARRE.
Wellington besieged the town in 1813, and took it alter a brief resistance. (Page 210.)

horse-power car of a recent type can make the ascent very easily.
The head of the pass (2,717 feet above the sea) is guarded by two
soldiers, whose presence is sufficient to keep off brigands. A suspicion of
adventure is given to the tour at this point in the visible evidence that, but
for these two cloaked figures, bearing modern rifles, a group of reckless and
fully armed banditti might appear at any corner of the road and reduce the
harmless tourist to a penniless condition.
A picturesque diligence that travels by this road is drawn by three mules
abreast, with another leading. Besides this one seldom meets anything but
the local vehicles of the villages. There are opportunities of seeing a
number of rare birds, if one is lucky, and has time to linger in the solitude of
the pass.[G]
 Masses of conglomerate rock are passed on beginning the descent, and
the evening light falls on great slopes covered with beech. The road
gradually improves as the descent towards the plain is made. More quaint
villages are passed, dogs bark, and carts are met drawn by five or six mules
in a long line.
Before reaching Pamplona, the sun sets behind a jagged ridge of blue
mountains fringed with fluffy golden clouds, and the villages begin to show
specks of brightness from a distance, for all are lighted with electricity,
owing to the cheap power which is supplied by dozens of mountain torrents
and streams.
Vi ll ata has an old bridge, a ruined convent, a small river falling over a
dam, and a main street of tall houses, some of them ornamented with classic
sculpture. It also has a notice warning cars to reduce speed. Soon afterwards
an avenue of trees dignifies the road as one approaches
PAMPLONA
From the exterior, the lofty walls, the citadel and bastions of the city,
with the towers of its cathedral and churches rising above, set in an
amphitheatre of mountains, make a most attractive picture, but within there
is a want of antiquity which is disappointing. There are no streets of old
houses, and the churches lack, to some extent, the spirit of romance,
although one of them dates back to the twelfth century.
The Cathedral was founded in 1397 on the site of an older building, and
the façade was built in 1783. The interior has three naves and richly carved
choir stalls dating from 1530. In the south transept the doorway leading to
the cloisters, of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, has a carved
tympanum showing the death of Mary. It is painted and gilded, and is a very
beautiful example of late fourteenth-century work.
The Chapel of Santa Cruz, in the south-west corner of the building, has
an iron fence made of the chains which surrounded the tent of the Emir at
the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212. The tomb of Charles III. and his
wife, Leonor of Castile, has been taken from the choir to the old kitchen of
the canons.
The Church of San Nicolás, in the Paseo de Valencia, is an interesting
building of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
San Saturnino has been restored and altered a great deal since the
fourteenth century, and is now a curious building containing a dreadful
atmosphere of human decay, the wooden floor being almost entirely
composed of numbered trap-doors leading into the vaults beneath. On this
dusty floor the ‘devout’ kneel to repeat prayers in front of little altars and
shrines, and seem to disregard the pestilential odours of the dead, which
make the church intolerable for more than a few minutes. Perhaps the dirt
and the smell are regarded somewhat after the manner of a penance,
although the Roman Church, which inclines to a monetary basis for all the
forms of absolution it dispenses, would be hardly likely to give it any
recognition. Before hurrying out of the building the large representation of
an armed knight in low relief high up on one of the walls should be noticed.
The north door has a fine carving of the Last Judgment.
The Citadel is a great star-shaped fort at the south-west corner of the
city’s defences, which have been attacked at different times down to the
Carlist War of 1875-1876, when the city endured several bombardments
without the Carlists being able to gain an entry.
In 1521 Pamplona was besieged by the French, and a young Spanish
captain named Iñigo Lopez de Recalde was wounded near the gate of San
Nicolás. During his convalescence he planned the rules of the Order of the
Jesuits, and became their first vicar-general, being known after his death as
St. Ignatius de Loyola. Near the gateway a chapel was, in 1691, erected to
the memory of the founder of the Jesuits.
In spite of its formidable defences, Wellington besieged Pamplona in
1813, after his victory at Vittoria, and took it after a brief resistance.
PAMPLONA TO SAN SEBASTIAN
Leaving by the gateway called the Puerta Nueva, one crosses the River
Arga, and goes north-westward on a level dusty road. The city, with its
double tier of ramparts and its church towers, soon becomes a distant object
in the narrow plain set about with blue mountain peaks. On getting closer to
the rocky heights the crumpled and distorted stratification becomes visible,
as well as the intrusive masses of pale grey rock.
All the level ground is under cultivation, and the Basque method of
digging with the laya can be frequently seen, for the Navarrais of the
northern half of the province of Navarre scarcely differ at all from the
Basques, and have the same language and physique. In the southern half of
the province the people speak Spanish, and have the same characteristics
and the same failings as the Spaniards.
 A few rather dilapidated villages are passed, and then a road to the right
is taken. It leads at once straight up to a narrow cleft in a great glacis of
forbidding grey rock. It almost takes one’s breath away to approach such a
natural fortress in a car, but the road is encouraging, and one drives through
the yawning portal into a narrow ravine, where a noisy stream of very green
water rushes among boulders just below the road. Every few minutes it
seems as though there can be no way out of the gorge, and that the road will
either run into a quarry or a tunnel, but a fresh bend always shows a good
stretch of road in front. Holly and beech grow on the precipitous slopes, and
teasels and Christmas roses are passed. A rabbit is never seen, but
sometimes a few sheep appear among the rocks.
A notice-board warns the driver of a big descent with a rough surface
and hairpin corners and views of distant mountains, after which the road
continues in a ravine for several miles, descending always. There are a few
more villages, but little chance of a good déjeuner before reaching Tolosa.
The valley gradually opens out a little, the scenery becomes tamed with
agriculture, and soon after the road has turned towards the north one enters
TOLOSA
It is a small town with two narrow, shadowy streets running parallel and
quite close together, with a collection of new houses with bright red roofs,
and some cloth and paper mills scattered promiscuously outside the old
nucleus. The Church of Santa Maria, passed on the right, has an elaborately
ornamental classic front, and the interior decorated with local marble.
At the village of Andoain there is a fork where the turning to the left is
taken, and a beautiful road follows a river to L ascar te , where one goes to
the right for San Sebastian, passing a number of factories, and then coming
out to a delicious view of great green waves foaming on to the rocks of the
bay of
SAN SEBASTIAN
It is a fashionable seaside town, with wide modern streets, containing
little to interest the visitor beyond the smartly dressed people, the shops,
and the chances of seeing the youthful King of Spain or other members of
European royal families. The picturesque bay, with the rocky Isle of Santa
Clara and the mountainous coast-line, make San Sebastian a most attractive
place. The season is from June to October, when inland towns are being
baked under a fierce sun.
 The old town, besieged in 1813 by Wellington’s army, and occupying a
peninsula between the mouth of the Urumea and the bay, had had its
fortifications removed by 1865, so that there is little to remind one of the
siege of Napoleonic times. All who go there should, however, read a
detailed account of the investment which Wellington entrusted to General
Sir Thomas Graham. The garrison, under General Rey, made such a
successful resistance to the first assault that the allied forces were obliged to
retire, but a few weeks later Graham returned, and finally took the citadel
on Mont Orgullo. The English and Spanish soldiers were accused of
reckless sacking and plundering when they captured San Sebastian, but it is
difficult to find the truth of the matter. One thing that is definitely known is
the fact that Wellington complained so much of the plundering of the
Spanish troops that he even sent them back from the front as he approached
the Adour.
The citadel on Mont Orgullo cannot be entered without permission, but
anyone may climb up the hill to the English cemetery, where the British
officers who fell in the attacks on the town were buried.
The Church of Santa Maria was built in 1743, and San Vicente, rebuilt in
1507, has a reredos of gilded wood dated 1584.
 THE LIMESTONE GORGE IN THE PYRENEES, BETWEEN PAMPLONA AND TOLOSA.

A large modern bull-ring is conspicuous on the hill on the east side of the
river. It is highly interesting to visit this twentieth-century amphitheatre,
and to see the elaborately fitted operating-room where the wounded
toreador, a victim of Spanish decadence, can receive immediate treatment.
There is also a small chapel in which the bull’s antagonist can receive the
Sacrament before he goes out to the dangerous encounter.
At I r un , which need not delay one, there is a turning to the left leading
down to the very picturesque little walled town of F uentar r abia , at the
mouth of the Bidassoa. It is difficult to take a motor through the narrow
streets, and it is therefore wiser to leave the car outside the quaint gateway.
Wellington’s army crossed the mouth of the Bidassoa in October, 1813,
the men wading through the water at low tide with their rifles held above
their heads. Soult expected that the English would cross at Vera, eight miles
up the river, the bridge at Béhobie having been destroyed, and being
unaware of the ford among the sandbanks, which was known to the Basque
fishermen.
 SECTION XII

BIARRITZ TO PAU, 69 MILES

(111 KILOMETRES)
DISTANCES ALONG THE ROUTE
Kil. Miles.
Biarritz to Bayonne 7 4½
Bayonne to Peyrehorade 35 21¾
Peyrehorade to Puyôo 17 10½
Puyôo to Orthez 14 8¾
Orthez to Artix 19 11¾
Artix to Pau 19 11¾
NOTES FOR DRIVERS
Bayonne to Peyrehorade.—A rather bad surface at the present time,
which will probably be improved. A steep ascent out of Bayonne, and
after that only small undulations.
Peyrehorade.—At bridge do not cross, but keep straight on, and bear to
the left to cross railway, then at once to the right.
Orthez to Pau.—The road is level.
PLACES OF INTEREST ON THE ROUTE
Peyrehorade.—Picturesque little town, with narrow streets; two castles,
one in town and one by river; modern church.
Puyôo.—Old village, with early defensive mound, from which the place
obtains its name.
Baigts.—Ruins of twelfth-century castle and sulphurous springs.
Orthez.—Formerly the capital of Béarn, an historic town on the Gave de
Pau, with (1) a fourteenth-century fortified bridge; (2) church of
fifteenth century; (3) Tour Moncade, the keep of the castle built in 1242;
(4) a few old houses in the Rue Bourg-Vieux.
After leaving Spain the architecture on this section of the route seems
rather dull and the scenery lacking in grandeur, but this impression lasts
only for a short time, for the road, after going north-east by east for a few
miles, gets nearer to the great white ridge of the Pyrenees, and day after
day, as one goes eastwards, the snowy peaks form a great rampart on the
right. They make splendid backgrounds to nearly every view, and one is
never weary of gazing into the rugged valleys that open up every now and
then as the miles slip by.
On leaving Bayonne, one goes past the entrance to the railway-station on
the left, and follows the road that goes off to the right for Orthez and Pau.
For several miles there is little calling for comment. Here and there a fine
umbrella pine stands in lonely dignity, and in the spring there is much pink-
and-white fruit-blossom. The ploughs and the country carts are all drawn by
bullocks.
The broad Adour is crossed on an iron bridge, and then, near
P ey r eh or ade, the scenery improves. On market-days the narrow street of
the little town is choked up with bullock-carts, and the spaces between them
thronged with country-folk and soldiers, and the difficulty of getting the car
through
 No. 13. BIARRITZ TO PAU.

the tangle of traffic is so great that it is wiser to take the road going straight
ahead at the bridge, passing the grey-towered castle which stands above the
road.
The church of Peyrehorade is modern, and beyond the castle just
mentioned and the ruins of another—the Château de Montréal, built in the
sixteenth century on the banks of the Gave—there is little to delay one. All
the way to Orthez the road keeps by the river known as Gave de Pau, which
was the line of Marshal Soult’s retreat from Bayonne.
P u y ôo is a pleasant village, with steep roofs covered with brown tiles,
and rows of ornamental overhanging courses under the eaves, chiefly
formed with curved tiles. The name of the place, according to Mr. Baring-
Gould, comes from the patois word for the great mound with a hollowed-
out top, which was a stockaded fort of the Franks.
The hamlet of B ai gt s has a railway-station, a ruined castle of the
twelfth century, sulphurous baths, and a grand view of the Pyrenees.
ORTHEZ
is the ancient capital of Béarn, and although it has been robbed of much of
its architectural charm, it still retains its conspicuously attractive fortified
bridge over the Gave, which is illustrated here. The river flows rapidly
along a deep rocky channel, with huge masses of stone standing immovably
in the midst of the surging waters. The bridge was built in the fourteenth
century, and in the centre rises a machicolated gateway. Although restored
in 1873, the window remains through which the Huguenots, under
Montgomery, forced priests and friars to leap into the river.
There are only a few old houses left in the town, and these are chiefly in
the Rue Bourg-Vieux. The church is a fifteenth-century building with a
modern spire, but the Tour Moncade is the machicolated keep of the castle
built in 1242 by Gaston VII. It was this fortress which was visited by
Froissart in 1388, when Gaston VII., surnamed Phœbus on account of his
beauty, Count of Béarn and Foix, held his brilliant Court there.
Froissart says so much of his host’s perfection in everything that a false
impression of the man might be gained if some rather ugly facts were not
known concerning him. In a moment of passion he stabbed Pierre de Béarn,
Governor of Lourdes, who was either his brother or cousin, because he
refused to give up the castle of Lourdes, and he also murdered his own son
Gaston. The wife of Gaston Phœbus was living at Pamplona, after having
become estranged from her husband, and while her son was visiting her,
Charles the Bad of Navarre gave him a little bag of arsenic, which he
declared was a love-potion which would restore his father’s love for his
mother if the powder were sprinkled on the Count’s food. The youth wore
the bag of arsenic under his clothes, and eventually returned to Orthez; but
his half-brother, having seen the bag, warned his father, who waited until
his son was serving him at dinner, and then, suddenly seizing hold of his
vest, obtained possession of the bag. The powder was sprinkled on some
food and given to a dog, who succumbed to the poison soon afterwards.
Young Gaston was placed in confinement, and, fearing to be poisoned,
refused all food. His father therefore went to the dungeon and stabbed his
son with a knife, saying, ‘Ha, traitor! why dost thou not eat?’
Orthez at one time had a Calvinist University, and the building still
remains, although it is no longer a University. The Protestantism of the
town has been consistent from the time of Jeanne d’Albret down to the
present day, for there are more Protestants in Orthez than in any other town
in Béarn. Montgomery, who had caused the death of Henri II. while tilting
with him in the lists, began his career as leader of the Huguenots by raising
an army and capturing Orthez, which had been filled with troops by Charles
IX., in order to coerce the people into Roman Catholicism, three years
before the massacre of St. Bartholomew. When the Huguenot army took
Orthez, Montgomery’s initial success was marred by the savage treatment
of the friars already mentioned. When the unfortunate clergy endeavoured
to save themselves by swimming to the banks, they were shot.
In 1814, in the last phase of the Peninsular War, when Wellington was
driving Soult before him, Napoleon’s marshal decided to give battle at
Orthez, placing his army of 30,000 men in a well-chosen position on the
hills to the north of the town. Wellington attacked with 50,000 men, and
after a desperate fight, in which 10,000 were killed, the French retreated
along the road to Pau, at
 THE FORTIFIED BRIDGE AT ORTHEZ.
From one of the windows of the tower, Montgomery, during the religious wars of the sixteenth
century, forced priests and friars to leap into the river.

first in an orderly fashion, but in the greatest confusion when their retreat
was threatened. In his despatch Wellington wrote:
‘We continued the pursuit till it was dusk.... I cannot estimate the extent
of the enemy’s loss; we have taken six pieces of cannon and a great many
prisoners. The numbers I cannot at present report; the whole country is
covered by their dead. The army was in the utmost confusion when I last
saw it passing the heights near Sault de Navailles, and many soldiers had
thrown away their arms; the desertion has since been immense.’

The scene of this débâcle is passed through on the way to Pau, but there
is nothing at all to suggest the horrors of such a bloody retreat. There is an
almost English feeling in the aspect of the country, the villages being tidy;
and the large houses, standing in pleasant, well-kept, park-like
surroundings, give a feeling of repose to the scenery. To the right, beyond
the river, the landscape becomes hilly and dark with woods, and ends with a
piled-up horizon of blue-white peaks touched here and there with a pale
gleam where the sunlight falls on the snow.
It is interesting to watch the change from tiled roofs to slate, and the
high-pitched roofs with hipped ends and splayed eaves, entirely taking the
places of the low roofs near Bayonne. Here and there walls built of round
stones laid herring-bone-wise recall the cottages and barns of parts of the
Sussex coast. The road keeps by the Gave, and goes very straight over the
flat alluvial land of the valley until the beautifully situated town of Pau is
reached.
 SECTION XIII

PAU TO ST. GAUDENS, 61½ MILES

(99 KILOMETRES)
DISTANCES ALONG THE ROUTE
Kil. Miles.
Pau to Tarbes 38 23½
[Pau to Lourdes via St. Pé-de-Bigorre 39 24¼]
[Lourdes to Tarbes 19 11¾]
Tarbes to Tournay 18 11¼
Tournay to Lannemezan 17 10½
Lannemezan to Montrejeau 16 10
Montrejeau to St. Gaudens 10 6¼
NOTES FOR DRIVERS
Casabieille (19 kilometres from Pau).—A sharp ascent.
Ibos.—The winding descent to near this village in the plain of Tarbes is
dangerous.
Pau to Lourdes.—The shortest route is along the road to Tarbes as far as
Soumoulou, and then through Pontacq. The longer way mentioned
above is more beautiful.
Tarbes to Montrejeau.—A steep climb out of the plain of Tarbes; then
several ascents and descents from one valley to another.
Montrejeau to St. Gaudens.—Level after the steep descent on leaving
Montrejeau.
PLACES OF INTEREST ON THE ROUTE
Pau.—A large modernized health resort, with splendid views of the
Pyrenees; numerous first-class hotels, winter garden, and places of
amusement; interesting château, built by Gaston Phœbus between 1373
and 1380, and altered by Henri d’Albret.
Lourdes.—Pilgrimage town, visited annually by thousands of Roman
Catholics since 1858, when a child said she had seen the Virgin in a
grotto; medieval castle, modernized; fine mountain scenery.
Tarbes.—A rather uninteresting town, famous for horse-breeding; modern
streets of small houses; public gardens of 30 acres, more worth seeing
than the ungainly cathedral.
Tournay.—A small town; is without any particular interest.
Lannemezan.—A small town, with a church partly Romanesque.
Montrejeau.—Picturesque little town; castle keep now the church tower;
quaint market-hall on pillars; arcaded houses.
PAU
In its situation Pau is most fortunate, for, being raised high above the
rushing Gave, the views of the splendid chain of white mountain peaks are
uninterrupted, and most of the modern hotels have their balconies
commanding the great panorama of the Pyrenees, with the Pic du Midi
d’Ossau in the centre. The impressive scenery, coupled with a mild and
genial climate and much winter sunshine, has lifted Pau from the obscurity
into which history had allowed it to fall into one of the most popular inland
resorts in France.
 Town Plan No. 16.—Pau.

It is a clean and healthy town, having had much attention paid to its
sanitation, the authorities knowing that the English and American visitor
has a strong antipathy to a tainted atmosphere. The town even has a supply
of pure drinking-water, and besides the indoor attractions of a modern
Winter Palace, there are golf, tennis, polo, and a pack of foxhounds.
There is a season all through the year, for tourists follow the winter
visitors; then there are the crowds of the ‘faithful’ on their way to Lourdes,
and those who come to immerse themselves in the thermal waters for which
the Pyrenean range is famous.
In its history Pau is chiefly interesting during the sixteenth century.
Before that there was a fortress rebuilt between 1373 and 1380 by Gaston
Phœbus, the keep of which can be seen to-day; but Pau only rose to
importance when it became the capital and the residence of the Sovereigns
of Béarn.
In 1527 Marguerite de Valois, the charming young sister of François I.,
was married to Henri d’Albret of Béarn. She not only obtained architects
from Italy to remodel the castle on the Renaissance style, and made what
was then considered the most beautiful garden in Europe, but attracted to
her Court the leading artists, poets, and savants, as well as the best of the
nobility of her time. Further than this, Marguerite encouraged the
Reformation movement so warmly that Calvin and Clément Marot, whose
psalms were sung by the Huguenots, found a refuge with her at Pau.
Marguerite’s daughter was the famous Jeanne d’Albret, who became the
mother of Henry of Navarre, the great Protestant champion who eventually
became Henri IV. of France. Jeanne’s husband, Antoine de Bourbon, died in
1562, leaving her the ruler of Béarn and Navarre; and being free to act as
she chose, Jeanne made a public declaration of her belief in Protestantism,
and then made the mistake of endeavouring to force her people to take the
same step. It therefore became necessary for Charles IX. to send an army
against Béarn; but Jeanne d’Albret, assisted by the Prince of Condé and the
English, raised a strong force, commanded by Montgomery, and defeated
the Catholics. These victories, as already mentioned in connection with
Orthez, were marred by the savage treatment of the Catholics, including a
massacre at a feast held on August 24, 1569, of ten lords whose lives
Montgomery had promised to spare. The apartment of the château in which
this bloody deed was carried out is hung with tapestry, and is called the
Grand Salon de Réception de Henri II. (of Navarre).
Under Louis XIII. Navarre and Béarn were made into a province, and
Pau, no longer possessing a royal Court, soon dropped into an obscurity in
which it remained until English visitors began, in 1850, to draw attention to
the attractions of the climate and scenery.
T h e Château (open every day between 10 and 5 from April 1 to
September 30, and between 11 and 4 from October 1 to the end of March).
The fourteenth-century keep of red brick, built by Gaston Phœbus, as
already mentioned, stands to the left on entering the courtyard through the
open arches of the east side. On the left—that is, overlooking the river—is
the beautiful façade restored by Henri d’Albret (Henri II. of Navarre). It
contains the grand salon where the massacre mentioned above took place,
and also the Chambre de Henri IV., where the Protestant king was born on
December 13, 1553. His cradle, in the shape of a large tortoiseshell, is still
preserved in the room.
An interesting story concerning the birth of the child is told by Miss
Sichel in her work on Catherine de Medici.
 ‘His birth was the occasion ... of Jeanne’s [his mother’s] winning of a bet
by a song.... Henri II. [Jeanne d’Albret’s father] knew full well that Jeanne
felt great curiosity about his will. Suddenly he rose and opened a coffer,
from which he took a long neck-chain fastened to a small gold box. “Ma
fille,” he said, “you see this box? Well, it shall be your own, with my last
will, which it contains, provided that, when your child is about to enter the
world, you will sing me a Gascon or a Béarnais song. I do not want a
peevish girl or a drivelling boy.” Jeanne was charmed, and her father
ordered his faithful servant Cotin to sleep in her dressing-room, and to fetch
him at the eventful moment. When it came, between two and three on a
bleak winter morning, she remembered to keep her promise, and despatched
Cotin to her father. Not long after she heard King Henri’s step upon the stair,
and in a strong sweet voice she began to sing the ballad of the country-side,
“Notre Dame du bout du pont, aidez moi à cette heure”—an invocation to
the miraculous image of the Virgin, the patron-saint of matrons, which stood
in the chapel at the end of the Bridge of Pau. Henri was in time to receive
the baby into his arms. With great circumspection he wrapped it in the skirts
of his robe, and then conscientiously placed the gold box in his daughter’s
hand. “There! that is thine, my girl,” he said, as he did so; “but this”—
pointing to the child—“is mine.” With these words he carried it away to his
own apartments, where the nurse awaited him. But before he gave it to her
he fulfilled the old custom of Béarn, and first rubbed its little lips with clove
of garlic; next offered the new-comer wine in a golden cup. Legend says that
the precocious Prince smelled the wine, and raised his head joyously with
other “signs of satisfaction”—that he swallowed the rich red drops which his
grandfather put upon his tongue. “Va, tu seras un vrai Béarnais!” exclaimed
the delighted Henri.’

It is a pity that the château has been so much restored. The work was
chiefly carried out, with poor taste, under Louis Philippe.
In No. 5, Rue B er nadotte , which is marked with an inscription,
Bernadotte, King of Sweden, was born on January 26, 1764.[H] He was a
lawyer’s son, who entered the army, and, at the early age of thirty years, had
become General of Brigade. When the heir to the throne of Sweden died,
Bernadotte was chosen, in 1810, as his successor, Napoleon thinking that
his late General would submit to his wishes. Bernadotte, having no friendly
feeling towards Napoleon, acted with complete independence, and in the
fatal Battle of Leipsic the Swedish troops under him had a large share in
Napoleon’s defeat. The lawyer’s son became Charles XIV. of Sweden in
1818.
THE ROAD TO TARBES
goes as straight as an arrow, except where it ascends and descends from the
high ground that encloses the plain of Tarbes. The chief features are the
huge views of the Pyrenees and the roadside houses, which very often have
curiously thatched roofs.
At S oum oul ou a turning to the right goes, through Pontacq, to the
Roman Catholic Mecca of L our des .
Before 1858 this famous pilgrimage centre was a village of no
importance at all. It can now be

No. 14. PAU TO ST. GAUDENS.

reached by a railway and by good roads, and there are large hotels for the
thousands of Catholics who flock there every year. Unlike Rocamadour,
there is no architectural charm, nor is there any peculiarity of situation,
about Lourdes. It stands in one of the many picturesque valleys that open
out from the main Pyrenean chain, and its medieval castle, mentioned in the
previous chapter, has been much modernized. No, Lourdes became famous
because a little village girl, fourteen years of age, named Bernadette
Soubirous, who minded pigs, stated that she had seen and conversed with
the Virgin on several occasions. Roman Catholic apologists admit that
Bernadette was a diseased, asthmatic, and underfed child, and also that ‘she
was not particularly intelligent.’ On the first occasion when the girl claimed
to have seen the Virgin she was accompanied by her sister Marie and
another companion, but neither of them saw any vision, nor did they hear
the sound of wind which Bernadette thought she heard. The crowds who
watched her during the numerous other occasions in the same month
(February, 1858), when she went to the grotto by the Gave to see the Virgin,
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