MA2006 Tutorial 1 to 3

Tutorial 1

 1 1 1 1 3 3
1. Given A   , B  2 3 , C ,
2 2     3 3 

a) find AB, BA, AC, CA

b) verify that A(B + C) = AB + AC
c) verify that A(BC) = (AB)C
d) verify that (AB)T = BTAT

3  0 1   1 0 -1
 
2. Let a =  1, B = 0 2, C = 2 3 0 , d  1 0 2 .
4 2 3  0 3 4 

Find CB, BTC, Ca, dC, ad, da. Is BC defined?

3. Show that if A is any square matrix, then S= 21 (A  A T ) is symmetric (ST=S),

T= 21 (A  A T ) is skew-symmetric ( TT = -T ) and A= S + T

4. Show that the product of symmetric matrices A, B is symmetric if and only if A and
B commute, AB = BA.

5. Solve the following linear systems by the Gauss elimination.

a) 5x + 3y = 22 b) w+ x +y = 6
-4x + 7y = 20 -3w - 17x + y + 2z = 2
9x - 2y = 15 4w - 17x + 8y - 5z = 2
-5x - 2y + z = 2

c) w - x + 3y -3z = 3 d) p+ q+r =3
-5w + 2x -5y + 4z = -5 -3p-17q + r +2s = 1
-3w - 4x + 7y - 2z = 7 4p-17q +8r -5s = 1
2w + 3x + y - 11z = 1 -5q -2r + s = 1

Answers for Tutorial 1:

3 2 1 1 0 0 9 9
1a) AB   , BA   8 8 , AC     0, CA  9 9 
6 4    0 0  

2.

1
   2 2   1
 0 6 8
CB   0 4, B T C  3 3 11, Ca   9 , dC  1 6 7,
 8 6    19 

3 0 6 
ad   1 0 2, da  11, BC is not defined.
4 0 8 

5. a) no solution

b) z  6 , y  2, x  0, w  4.

9
c) z  any number, y  1  2 z , x  z  3z , w  0
3
d) z  3 , r  1 , q  0 , p  2

Tutorial 2

6. For what values of k will the following set of equations (we call the set of
equations “linear system”) have (i) unique solution, (ii) infinite solutions and (iii) no
solution:

1 2 1   x  1
    
2 k 6   y   1
3 6 k   z  3


7. It is known that 1 1  1 T 
and 2 1  2 T are both solutions of the following
system,

2 a a b   x  2  a 
    
 2 4 2  y    4 
 1 1 1  z   1 

determine the values of a and b and the general form of the solution of the system.

8. Find the inverse of the following matrices:

2
 2 3 5  2 4 3 
a) 4 1 6 b) 0 1 1
 1 4 0 3 5 7 

9. Prove: (A2)-1 = (A-1)2 ( hint: A2 means A multiplied by A)

10. A n×n matrix A satisfies A2 + A - 4I = 0, where I is a n×n identity matrix. Prove:

1
(A-I)-1 = A+ I
2

Answers for Tutorial 2:

6(i) k  3 , k  4 unique solution (ii) for k=3 infinite solutions (iii) for k=4 the system
has no solution.

 x  t
a  1 
7.   y  1 with t= any number
b  2  zt


 8 / 15 4 / 9 13 / 45  4  13 / 3  7 / 3
8 a) A   2 / 15  1 / 9 8 / 45 
1
b) A    1 5 / 3
1
2 / 3 
 1 / 3  1 / 9  2 / 9    1 2 / 3 2 / 3 

Tutorial 3
12. Find the determinants of the following matrix

1 0 1 1
16 22 4  a b c   9 5 10 7 
 cos n sin n 
a)   b)  4 3 2 c) c a b d)  
 sin n cos n  6 2 7 8 
12 25 2 b c a  
5 2 5 3

13. We know that a straight line through two points P1 ( x1, y1) and P2 ( x2, y2) in the
xy-plane can be given by equation (b) below. Show that this equation can be
obtained from (a) also. In other word, you can derive equation (b) from equation (a):
x y 1
x  x1 y  y1
( a ) x1 y 1 1  0 (b) 
x1  x 2 y 1  y 2
x2 y 2 1

3
14. a) A 33 matrix A has 3 given eigenvectors

1  2  3
 
x 1  0  ,  
x 2  1  , x 3   2 
0 0  1 
corresponding to its 3 given eigenvalues 1 = 3, 2 = -2, 3 = 1 respectively. Find the
matrix A.

3 2 2 
b) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix: 2 2 0 
2 0 4 

15. For the matrices

5 0 15  2 0 3 

A  3 4 9 , T  0 1 0  ,
 5 0 15  3 0 5 

Compute a new matrix Aˆ  T 1 AT . Find the eigenvalues of A and A. Verify that A

and A have the same eigenvalues.

16. Find a basis of eigenvectors and diagonalize:

 1 0 1 5 0 6 
3 4 
a)   b) 0 3 2 c) 2 1 4 
 1 3 0 0 2 3 0 4 

Answers for Tutorial 3:

12. a) 1. b) 0. c) a3 + b3 + c3 -3abc. d) 6

3  10 26   2 1   2
14. a) A  0  2 6  b). 1  0,  2 ,  2  3,  2 , 3  6, 1
0 0 1   1   2 2

 70 0  120
15. Aˆ   21  4 36 , 1  0,  2  4, 3  10.
 35 0 60 

4
  2 2  1 0
16. a) 1  1, 2  5, T   T 1 AT   
1
.
 1 0 5 

1 1 0  1 0 0 
b) 1  1, 2  2, 3  3, T  0  2 1 , T 1 AT  0 2 0
 
0 1 0  0 0 3

1 0 2  1 0 0
c)  1  1,  2  1,  3  2,  
T  1 1 0  , T AT   0 1 0
1

1 0 1  0 0 2