Scribd
Upload
6 views

GEN-MATH-MODULE-7

This document covers the fundamentals of logarithms and their relationship with exponents, including definitions, forms, and properties. It explains how to rewrite equations in logarithmic and exponential forms, and provides strategies for solving logarithmic equations and inequalities. Key concepts include common and natural logarithms, laws of logarithms, and the one-to-one property of logarithmic functions.

Uploaded by

Chrishelyn Dacsil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

GEN-MATH-MODULE-7

This document covers the fundamentals of logarithms and their relationship with exponents, including definitions, forms, and properties. It explains how to rewrite equations in logarithmic and exponential forms, and provides strategies for solving logarithmic equations and inequalities. Key concepts include common and natural logarithms, laws of logarithms, and the one-to-one property of logarithmic functions.

Uploaded by

Chrishelyn Dacsil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MODULE 7

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
LET’S WARM- UP
Simplify the given expressions and find the value of x in each case.
1.
2.
3.

4.
In this lesson, we will look at it from another perspective. What if the exponent is
missing? For example, figure out the missing number in the following expressions.
1.
2.

3.

KEY TAKEAWAYS
In figuring out the missing number in the expression, there is a mathematical way to
present (rewrite) the expressions and that is through logarithms, the inverse process of
exponentiation.

MODULE CONTENT
Logarithms
Let a and b be positive real numbers such that The logarithm of a with base b,
denoted by , is defined as the number such that . That is, is the
exponent that b must be raised to produce a.
Logarithms and exponents allow us to express the same relationship in two different
ways. The following table shows how logarithmic form can be written using exponential form.
Logarithmic Form Exponential Form

Exponential and Logarithmic Forms


Logarithmic Form:
Exponential Form:

 In both the logarithmic and exponential forms, b is the base.


 In the exponential form, c is an exponent. But . This implies that the logarithmic is
actually an exponent.
 In the logarithmic form , a cannot be a negative. For example, is not
defined since 2 raised to any exponent will never result to a negative number.

 The value of can be negative. For example, because


Common Logarithms
Common Logarithms are logarithms with the base 10; the base 10 is usually omitted
when writing common logarithms. This means that is a short notation for .
Logarithms with the base e (which is approximately 2.71828) are called natural logarithms,
and are denoted by “ln”. In other words, ln x is another wasy of writing .
Example 1: Rewrite the following exponential equations in logarithmic form, whenever possible.
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Solution:
1.

2. (Remark that it is alright to have a negative exponent, but not a negative base.)
3.

4. (Remark that it is alright to have a fractional or decimal base, as long as it is


positive)
5.
6.
7.
8. Cannot be written in logarithmic form since the base is a negative number.
Example 2: Rewrite the following logarithmic equations into exponential form.
1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.
Solution:
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

6. or
7.
Logarithmic Equations
Logarithmic Equation is an equation involving logarithms.

Examples:
Logarithmic Inequalities
Logarithmic Inequality is an inequality involving logarithms.

Examples:
Solving Logarithmic Equations
Some Strategies for solving logarithmic equations
 Rewriting Logarithmic equation ( )to exponential form ( or )
 Using Logarithmic Properties, as stated below.

Laws of Logarithms
Let and let . For , , then
(a)

(b)
(c)

 Applying the One-to-One property of logarithmic functions, as stated below.

One-to-One property of Logarithmic Functions

For any logarithmic function , if , then .

Examples: Find the value of x in the following equations.


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Solutions:
1.
(one-to-one property)

Check: 5 is the solution since


2.
(changing into exponential form)

Check: 5 is the solution since

3
3.
(changing into exponential form)

Check: 4 is the solution since . However, -4 is not a solution since is not


defined (the base cannot be negative).
4.
(using the property )
(changing into exponential form)
(multiplication of two binomials)

(factorization using )

Check: 3 is a solution since . However, -3 is not a solution since

5.
(changing into exponential form)

(factorization using )

Check: Both are solutions since and .


Solving Logarithmic Inequalities
Property of Logarithmic Inequalities
Given the logarithmic expression ,
If then if and only if
If , then if and only if
Things to remember when solving Logarithmic Inequalities
 The direction of the inequality (< or >) is based on whether the base b is greater than
or less than 1.
 Check also that the resulting x values do not make any of the logarithms undefined.
Examples: Find the solution of each following logarithmic inequalities.
1.
2.
3.
Solutions:
1.

Therefore, the solution set is .


2.

4
In the given inequality, should be positive; hence Since satisfies the solution
for which , the solution for the given logarithmic inequality is
3.

The inequality is true for . However, for exist, , and for


or . Therefore, the solution set of the inequality is

You might also like