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Ch. 6 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
6.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
1 Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Verify that the values of the variables listed are solutions of the system of equations.
1)
4x + y = -6
3x + 4y = 2
x = -2, y = 2
A) solution B) not a solution

2)
x + y = -1
x-y=9
x = 4, y = -5
A) solution B) not a solution

3)
x+y+ z=0
x - y + 2z = -2
5x + y + z = 20
x = 5, y = -1, z = -4
A) solution B) not a solution

4)
x - y + 3z = 2
4x + z=2
x + 2y + z = 10
x = 0, y = 4, z =2
A) solution B) not a solution

Solve the system of equations by using substitution.

x + 7y = 7
5) 5x - 2y = -2
A) x = 0, y = 1 B) x = 1, y = 0 C) x = 1, y = 1 D) x = 0, y = 0

3x + y = 13
6) 2x + 9y = -8
A) x = 5, y = -2 B) x = -5, y = 2 C) x = 5, y = 2 D) x = -5, y = -2

5x - 2y = -1
7) x + 4y = 35
A) x = 3, y = 8 B) x = 3, y = 9 C) x = 2, y = 8 D) x = 2, y = 9

5x + 3y = 80
8) 2x + y = 30
A) x = 10, y = 10 B) x = 0, y = 10 C) x = 10, y = 0 D) x = 0, y = 0

Page 1
 x + 7y = -2
9) 3x + y = 34
A) x = 12, y = -2 B) x = -2, y = 3 C) x = 3, y = 7 D) x = 7, y = 12

2 Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the elimination method to solve the system.

1) x + y = -4
x - y = 18
A) x = 7, y = -11 B) x = 7, y = 11 C) x = 4, y = -11 D) x = 4, y = 7

2) 5x + 56y = 56
4x - 8y = -8
A) x = 0, y = 1 B) x = 1, y = 0 C) x = 1, y = 1 D) x = 0, y = 0

3) 2x + 20y = -90
12x + 4y = 40
A) x = 5, y = -5 B) x = -5, y = 5 C) x = 12, y = -12 D) x = -4, y = 5

Solve the problem.

4) A flat rectangular piece of aluminum has a perimeter of 58 inches. The length is 5 inches longer than the
width. Find the width.
A) 12 inches B) 17 inches C) 22 inches D) 29 inches

5) The Family Fine Arts Center charges $20 per adult and $14 per senior citizen for its performances. On a
recent weekend evening when 423 people paid admission, the total receipts were $6612. How many who
paid were senior citizens?
A) 308 senior citizens B) 115 senior citizens C) 218 senior citizens D) 205 senior citizens

6) A retired couple has $170,000 to invest to obtain annual income. They want some of it invested in safe
Certificates of Deposit yielding 7%. The rest they want to invest in AA bonds yielding 10% per year. How
much should they invest in each to realize exactly $15,800 per year?
A) $130,000 at 10% and $40,000 at 7% B) $130,000 at 7% and $40,000 at 10%
C) $120,000 at 7% and $50,000 at 10% D) $140,000 at 10% and $30,000 at 7%

7) A tour group split into two groups when waiting in line for food at a fast food counter. The first group
bought 8 slices of pizza and 5 soft drinks for $38.16. The second group bought 6 slices of pizza and 5 soft
drinks for $30.72. How much does one slice of pizza cost?
A) $3.72 per slice of pizza B) $1.68 per slice of pizza
C) $3.22 per slice of pizza D) $2.18 per slice of pizza

8) A movie theater charges $8.00 for adults and $5.00 for children. If there were 40 people altogether and the
theater collected $272.00 at the end of the day, how many of them were adults?
A) 24 adults B) 10 adults C) 16 adults D) 29 adults

9) An 8-cylinder Crown Victoria gives 18 miles per gallon in city driving and 21 miles per gallon in highway
driving. A 300-mile trip required 15.5 gallons of gasoline. How many whole miles were driven in the city?
A) 153 miles B) 147 miles C) 132 miles D) 168 miles

Page 2
3 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Two Variables
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the system.

x - 4y = -10
1) 2x - 8y = -17
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (2, 3)
C) dependent (many solutions) D) (2, 4)

x + y = -1
2) x + y = -4
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (-1, -4)
C) (0, -5) D) dependent (many solutions)

3x - 8y = -1
3) 3x - 8y = -5
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (-1, -5)

1 5
C) - ,- D) consistent (many solutions)
8 3

7x - 8y = 2
4) 14x - 16y = 8
10 5
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) ,-
21 12

C) consistent (many solutions) D) (2, 4)

4 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Two Variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the system.

1) 2x + y = 7
-6x - 3y = -21
A) y = -2x + 7, where x is any real number B) x = -2y + 7, where y is any real number
C) y = 2x + 7, where x is any real number D) inconsistent (no solution)

x + 3y = 9
2) 2x + 6y = 18
x
A) y = - + 3, where x is any real number B) (0, 0)
3

C) (9, 0) D) inconsistent (no solution)

Page 3
5 Solve Systems of Three Equations Containing Three Variables
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the system of equations.

x + y + z = -1
1) x - y + 3z = -19
5x + y + z = -9
A) x = -2, y = 5, z = -4 B) inconsistent (no solution)
C) x = -4, y = 5, z = -2 D) x = -4, y = -2, z = 5

x - y + 3z = 15
2) 5x + z = 4
x + 4y + z = -8
A) x = 0, y = -3, z = 4 B) inconsistent (no solution)
C) x = 4, y = -3, z = 0 D) x = 4, y = 0, z = -3

x - y + 5z = 4
3) 3x + z = 0
x + 4y + z = -16
A) x = 0, y = -4, z = 0 B) x = 0, y = 0, z = -4 C) Inconsistent, ∅ D) x = 0, y = -4, z = 4

x+y+ z=7
x - y + 2z = 7
4) 5x + y + z = 11
A) x = 1, y = 2, z = 4 B) x = 1, y = 4, z = 2 C) x = 4, y = 2, z = 1 D) x = 4, y = 1, z = 2

x-y+z=8
x+y+z=6
5) x + y - z = -12
A) x = -2, y = -1, z = 9 B) x = 2, y = -1, z = 9
C) x = -2, y = -1, z = -9 D) x = 2, y = -1, z =-9

Solve the problem.

6) The Family Arts Center charges $22 for adults, $13 for senior citizens, and $5 for children under 12 for
their live performances on Sunday afternoon. This past Sunday, the paid revenue was $8526 for 670 tickets
sold. There were 49 more children than adults. How many children attended?
A) 257 children B) 208 children C) 205 children D) 247 children

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

7) Lexie wants to have an income of $9000 per year from investments. To that end she is going to invest
$90,000 in three different accounts. These accounts pay 7%, 10%, and 14% simple interest. If she wants to
have $10,000 more in the account paying 7% simple interest than she has in the account paying 14% simple
interest, how much should go into each account?

8) Find real numbers a, b, and c such that the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c contains the points (1, 1),
(2, 4), and (-3, 29).

Page 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

9) A company has sales (measured in millions of dollars) of 50, 60, and 75 during the first three consecutive
years. Find a quadratic function that fits these data, and use the result to predict the sales during the
fourth year. Assume that the quadratic function is of the form y = ax2 + bx + c
5 5
A) y = x2 + x + 45; sales during the fourth year = $95 million
2 2
B) y = -5x2 + 40x + 15; sales during the fourth year = $95 million
15 25 325
C) y = x2 - x + ; sales during the fourth year = $151.25 million
2 2 4
D) y = 5x2 + 5x + 40; sales during the fourth year = $180 million

6 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Three Variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the system of equations.

x + y + z = -4
1) x - y + 5z = -2
5x + 5y + 5z = 8
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) x = -2, y = -5, z = 3
C) x = -2, y = 3, z = -5 D) x = 3, y = -5, z = -2

x - y + 3z = -1
2) 5x + z =0
-x + y - 3z = 4
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) x = 3, y = 1, z = 0
C) x = 0, y = 0, z = 1 D) x = 0, y = 1, z = 0

7 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Three Variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the system of equations.

x + 4y - z = 3
1) x + 5y - 2z = 5
3x + 12y - 3z = 9
A) x = -3z - 5 B) x = z - 2
y=z+2 y = -3z - 5
z = any real number z = any real number
C) x = 3z + 5 D) inconsistent (no solution)
y=z-2
z = any real number

-x + y + 2z = 0
2) x + 2y + z = 6
-2x - y + z = -6
A) x = z + 2 B) inconsistent (no solution)
y=2-z
z = any real number
C) x = z + 2 D) x = 2 - z
y=z-2 y=z+2
z = any real number z = any real number

Page 5
 2x - y + 5z = -7
3) x + y - 2z = -2
x - y + 4z = 8
A) x = -3 - z B) inconsistent (no solution)
y = 3z + 1
z = any real number
C) x = z + 3 D) x = 3z + 1
y = 3z + 1 y=z-3
z = any real number z = any real number

6.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices

1 Write the Augmented Matrix of a System of Linear Equations
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Write the augmented matrix for the system.

1) 4x + 9y = 81
3x - 2y = 17

A) 4 9 81 B) 81 9 4 C) 4 3 81 D) 4 9 17
3 -2 17 17 3 -2 9 -2 17 -2 3 81

2) 2x - 2y = 0
9y = 27

A) 2 -2 0 B) 2 -2 0 C) 9 0 27 D) 0 -2 2
0 9 27 9 27 0 2 -2 -2 27 0 9

4x +7y +5z = 70
3) 5x +4y +5z = 68
6x +6y +6z = 84

4 7 5 70 475 4 5 6 70 70 5 7 4
A) 5 4 5 68 B) 5 4 5 C) 7 4 6 68 D) 68 5 4 5
6 6 6 84 666 5 5 6 84 84 6 6 6

-2x +5z = -3
4) 6y +4z = 66
6x -2y +5z = 51

-2 0 5 -3 -2 0 6 -3 -2 5 0 -3 -2 0 5
A) 0 6 4 66 B) 0 6 -2 66 C) 6 4 0 66 D) 0 64
6 -2 5 51 5 4 5 51 6 -2 5 51 6 -2 5

2 Write the System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Write the system of equations associated with the augmented matrix. Do not solve.
1) 9 7 8
-5 9 -3
9x + 7y = 8 9x + 7y = 0 7x + 9y = 8 9x + 7y = 8
A) -5x + 9y = -3 B) -5x + 9y = 0 C) -5x + 9y = -3 D) 9x - 5y = -3

Page 6
 2) 2 17 20
18 8 13
2x + 17y = 20 2x + 17y = -20 17x + 2y = 20 2x + 17y = 20
A) 18x + 8y = 13 B) 18x + 8y = -13 C) 18x + 8y = 13 D) 8x + 18y = 13

1 0 0 -1
3) 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 -6
x = -1 x=1 x=0 x=5
A) y = 3 B) y = -3 C) y = 2 D) y = 9
z = -6 z=6 z = -7 z=0

3 -5 6 7
4) 5 4 0 2
9 0 -3 9
A) B)
3x - 5y + 6z = 7 3x - 5y + 6z = 7
5x + 4y =2 5x + 4y + 2z = 0
9x - 3z = 9 9x - 3y + 9z = 0
C) D)
3x - 5y + 6z = 7 3x - 5y + 6z = 7
5x + 4z = 2 5x + 4y =2
9x - 3y =9 9x - 3y =9

5 4 7 -2
5) 4 0 8 4
3 9 0 2
5x + 4y + 7z = -2 5x - 4y + 7z = -2 5x + 4y + 7z = -2
A) 4x + 8z = 4 B) 4x + 8z = -4 C) 4x + 8z = 4
+
3x 9y = 2 +
3x 9y = -2 3x + 9z = 2

3 Perform Row Operations on a Matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Perform the row operation(s) on the given augmented matrix.

1
1) R1 = r1
2
2 4 8
4 2 -5
1 2 4
A) 1 2 4 B) 2 1 - 5 C) 1 2 4 D) 1 2 8
4 2 -5 2 5 4 -1 4 2 -5

2) R2 = 2r1 + r2
1 5 10
-2 2 -6
A) 1 5 10 B) 1 5 10 C) 2 10 20 D) 2 10 20
0 12 14 0 -8 -26 0 12 14 -2 2 -6

Page 7
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

3) R3 = 4r1 + r3
-7 -5 -1 -10
6 -2 9 5
28 -6 6 18

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

4) R2 = -2r2 + r1
2 4 6 -8
1 2 3 6
4 6 7 1

2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8
A) 0 0 0 -20 B) 0 0 0 0 C) -4 -8 -12 6 D) -4 -8 -12 -20
4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1

5) (a) R2 = -5r1 + r2
(b) R3 = -4r1 + r3
(c) R3 = 4r2 + r3
1 -3 -5 -2
5 -5 -4 5
4 5 4 6

1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2
A) 0 10 21 15 B) 0 -8 -9 3 C) 0 10 21 15 D) 0 20 29 10
0 57 108 74 0 -15 -12 2 0 27 45 29 0 97 140 54

6) (a) R2 = -4r1 + r2
(b) R3 = 2r1 + r3
(c) R3 = 3r2 + r3
1 -3 -5 2
4 -5 2 5
-2 -5 4 6

1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2
A) 0 7 22 -3 B) 0 7 22 -3 C) 0 7 22 -3 D) 0 17 22 -3
0 10 60 1 0 -62 -60 1 0 22 80 1 0 6 16 7

4 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve each system of equations using matrices (row operations). If the system has no solution, say that it is
inconsistent.
1) 3x + 5y = 13
6x + 8y = 16
A) x = -4, y = 5 B) x = 5, y = -4 C) x = -4, y = -5 D) Inconsistent

Page 8
 2)
2x - 3y = 1
-4x + 6y = 7
A) x = 2, y = 7 B) x = 1, y = 7 C) x = 2, y = 2 D) Inconsistent

2x + 6y - z = 61
3) x + 6y + 8z = 83
6x + y + z = 42
A) x = 5, y = 9, z = 3 B) x = 5, y = 3, z = 9
C) x = -5, y = 9, z = 10 D) Inconsistent

6x - y - 3z = 26
4) 8x - 5z = 43
9y + z = 64
A) x = 6, y = 7, z = 1 B) x = 6, y = 1, z = 7
C) x = -6, y = 7, z = 12 D) Inconsistent

5) x - y + 2z + w = 3
y+z=2
z-w =5
A) {(-10 - 4w, -3 - w, 5 + w, w)} B) ∅
C) {(-10, -3, 5, w)} D) {(-14, -4, 6, 1)}

6) x + 3y - 2z - w = 13
4x + y + z + 2w = 18
-3x - y - 3z - 2w = -10
x - y - 3z -2w = 6
A) {(4, 2, -2, 1)} B) {(13, 18, -10, 6)}
C) {(4 + w, 2 - 2w, -2 + 2w, w)} D) {(3, 4, -6, 3)}

Solve the problem using matrices.

7) Find the function f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d for which f(0) = -2, f(1) = 5, f(-1) = 3,
f(2) = 4.
10 13
A) f(x) = - x3 + 6x2 + x-2 B) f(x) = 10x3 - 18x2 - 13x + 6
3 3
8 5
C) f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + x - 2 D) f(x) = -8x3 +12x2 + 5x - 6
3 3

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

8) Find real numbers a, b, and c such that the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c contains the points (-2,
-4), (1, -1), and (3, -19).

9) Melody has $45,000 to invest and wishes to receive an annual income of $4290 from this money. She has
chosen investments that pay 5%, 8%, and 12% simple interest. Melody wants to have the amount invested
at 12% to be double the amount invested at 8%. How much should she invest at each rate?

Page 9
 10) A company manufactures three types of wooden chairs: the Kitui, the Goa, and the Santa Fe. To make a
Kitui chair requires 1 hour of cutting time, 1.5 hours of assembly time, and 1 hour of finishing time. A Goa
chair requires 1.5 hours of cutting time, 2.5 hours of assembly time and 2 hours of finishing time. A Santa
Fe chair requires 1.5 hours of cutting time, 3 hours of assembly time, and 3 hours of finishing time. If 41
hours of cutting time, 70 hours of assembly time, and 58 hours of finishing time were used one week, how
many of each type of chair were produced?

6.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants

1 Evaluate 2 by 2 Determinants
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find the value of the determinant.

1) 7 2
89
A) 47 B) 79 C) -47 D) -58

2) 7 -2
-1 9
A) 61 B) 65 C) -61 D) -5

3) 1 3
31
A) -8 B) 10 C) 8 D) 0

4) 12 -7
-4 3

A) 8 B) 64 C) -8 D) 4

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Solve for x.
5) 8 x = 32
2 5

2 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Two Equations Containing Two Variables
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

1) 6x + 6y = 6
4x + y = -5
A) x = -2, y = 3 B) x = 3, y = -2 C) x = -3, y = -2 D) x = 2, y = -3

2) 4x + 4y = 44
3x + 5y = 45
A) x = 5, y = 6 B) x = 6, y = 5 C) x = -6, y = 5 D) x = -5, y = -6

3) 3x + 2y = 31
3x - 3y = -9
A) x = 5, y = 8 B) x = 8, y = 5 C) x = -8, y = 5 D) x = -5, y = -8

Page 10
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 4) 4x - 7y = 5
2x + 5y = -3

2 11 23 11 2 11 2 1
A) x = ,y=- B) x = ,y=- C) x = - ,y= D) x = , y =
17 17 3 3 17 17 3 3

3 Evaluate 3 by 3 Determinants
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find the value of the determinant.

-3 5 2
1) 5 -2 -3
3 -2 -3
A) 112 B) 22 C) -22 D) -188

435
2) 4 4 3
265
A) 46 B) 390 C) -46 D) 10

-2 5 4
3) 3 -2 1
1 6 -3

A) 130 B) 80 C) -90 D) -12

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Solve for x.
x -4 -1
4) -2 2 0 = 10
-1 -2 8

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

x y 1
5) The equation of the line passing through the distinct points (x1 , y 1 ) and (x2 , y 2 ) is given by x1 y 1 1 =
x 2 y2 1
0. Find the equation of the line passing through the points (3, 5) and ( -1, 4).

A) x - 4y + 17 = 0 B) x + 7y + 17 = 0 C) -x + 4y - 17 = 0 D) x + 4y + 17 = 0

4 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Three Equations Containing Three Variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

8x - 2y - z = 47
1) x + 8y - 5z = 28
9x + y + z = 98
A) x = 9, y = 8, z = 9 B) x = 8, y = 9, z = 8
C) x = 9, y = -8, z = -9 D) x = 10, y = 6, z = 9

Page 11
 7x - 3y - 8z = -37
2) -8x + 6y + 5z = 20
-9x - 2y - 6z = -56
A) x = 2, y = 1, z = 6 B) x = 1, y = 6, z = 1
C) x = 2, y = -1, z = -6 D) x = 3, y = -1, z = 6

-3x + 3z = 9
3) 7x + 5y - 5z = 5
-6x - 7y = -44
A) x = 5, y = 2, z = 8 B) x = 2, y = 8, z = 2
C) x = 5, y = -2, z = -8 D) x = 6, y = 0, z = 8

5 Know Properties of Determinants

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the properties of determinants to find the value of the second determinant, given the value of the first.
x y z 1 -2 4
1) u v w = 119 u v w = ?
1 -2 4 x y z
A) -119 B) 119 C) 0 D) Cannot determine

xy z x y z
2) u v w = 5 u vw =?
1 1 -3 -3 -3 9
A) -15 B) -5 C) 15 D) 5

x y z uv w
3) u v w = -26 -3 9 -9 = ?
1 -3 3 xy z
A) 78 B) -78 C) 26 D) -26

xy z 1 3 3
4) u v w = -22 -2u -2v -2w = ?
13 3 x-1y-3z-3
A) -44 B) 22 C) 44 D) -22

xy z xy z-x
5) u v w = 22 uvw-u =?
12 1 12 0
A) 22 B) -22 C) 0 D) Cannot determine

x y z x-3 y+6 z+6

6) u v w = -13 -3u - 1 -3v + 2 -3w + 2 = ?
1 -2 -2 1 -2 -2
A) 39 B) 13 C) -39 D) -13

s t u 32 - s 16 - t 64 - u
7) Given v w x = 3, find the value of v w x .
4 2 8 4 2 8
A) 3 B) -24 C) 24 D) -3

Page 12
Solve the problem.
x y z 2 4 5
8) Given that a b c = 3, find the value of the determinant 3a 3b 3c .
2 4 5 x-2 y-4 z-5

A) -9 B) 9 C) 0 D) 6

6.4 Matrix Algebra

1 Find the Sum and Difference of Two Matrices
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Perform the indicated operation, whenever possible.

2 -1 -2 5
1) -8 -5 + 8 8
4 4 2 -1
04 4 -6 0 4 0 -5
A) 0 3 B) -16 -13 C) 0 -5 D) 0 3
63 2 -3 6 -3 6 3

2) -1 0 - -1 6
63 31
A) 0 -6 B) -2 6 C) 0 6 D) [-1]
3 2 94 -3 -2

7 -4 8 -2 -6 -1
3) Let A = -6 5 -1 and B = -7 -4 3 . Find A - B.
0 6 -3 -3 -9 -5

9 2 9 9 2 9 5 -10 7 5 -10 7
A) 1 9 -4 B) 1 9 2 C) -13 1 -8 D) -13 1 2
3 15 2 3 15 -4 -3 -3 2 -3 -3 -8

-4 6 7 6 10 - 4
4) Let A = 3 -5 12 and B = -5 6 - 8 . Find A - B.
7 -11 14 3 11 7

-10 -4 11 2 16 3 -10 -4 3 10 4 -11

A) 8 -11 20 B) -2 1 4 C) -2 -11 4 D) -8 11 -20
4 -22 7 10 0 21 4 -22 7 -4 22 -7

2 Find Scalar Multiples of a Matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Perform the indicated matrix operations.

1) Let A = -3 5 . Find 4A.
02

A) -12 20 B) -12 20 C) -12 5 D) 1 9

0 8 0 2 02 46

Page 13
 2) Let B = -1 1 7 -3 . Find -2B.
A) 2 -2 -14 6 B) 2 1 7 -3 C) -2 2 14 -6 D) -3 -1 5 -5

3) Let A = 1 3 and B = 0 4 . Find 4A + B.

26 -1 6

A) 4 16 B) 4 28 C) 4 16 D) 4 7
7 30 4 48 1 12 7 12

1 -1
4) Let C = -3 and D = 3 . Find C - 4D.
2 -2

5 -3 -5 5
A) -15 B) 9 C) 15 D) -6
10 -6 -10 4

5) Let A = -4 2 and B = 1 0 . Find 2A + 3B.

A) -5 4 B) -8 4 C) -7 4 D) -1 2

2 7 -9 -5 5 5
6) Let A = -3 -5 2 and B = -3 -9 8 . Find 2A + 2B.
-5 9 9 1 -8 -7

-6 24 -8 -1 19 -13 -3 12 -4 -3 -6 -4
A) -12 -28 20 B) -9 -19 12 C) -6 -14 10 D) 12 -14 1
-8 2 4 -9 10 11 -4 1 2 -4 10 2

3 Find the Product of Two Matrices

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Perform the matrix multiplication.

1 2
1) Let A = 0 -3 1 and B = 0 1 . Find AB.
5 -1 0
1 -1
0 10 10 -5 1
A) 1 -4 B) 1 5 C) 0 -1 D) 5 -1 0
5 9 -4 9
0 0 -5 -2 0

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

-2
2) Let A = 1 and B = 1 -1 0 . Find AB.
-1

Page 14
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

3) Let A = -2 3 and B = -2 0 . Find AB.

32 -1 5
A) 1 15 B) 4 0 C) 4 -6 D) 15 1
-8 10 -3 10 -4 7 10 -8

2 -2 -4
4) Let A = 1 -6 -1 and B = 4 -3 5 . Find AB.
8 -1 -7
-9 -7 -7
1 -6 -1
-13 75 8 -1 -7 2 12 4
A) -13 23 -27 B) 23 36 C) 2 -1 -7 D) 32 3 -35
75 36 12
-27 12 4 -3 5 -72 7 49
-9 -9 -7

Perform the indicated operations and simplify.

7 -9 0
5) Let A = 3 -4 , B = 5 -2 8 , and C =
3 -5 1 . Find AB + BC.
-2 5 1 0 -3
-1 6 2

A) 32 7 50 B) 68 3 31 C) 32 19 40 D) -10 -19 12
5 -23 -37 8 -2 -5 -15 31 -37 -15 31 -25

4 Find the Inverse of a Matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find the inverse of the matrix.

1) 0 5
1 -2
2 2 1
1 -1 0 0 1
5 5 5
A) 1 B) 1 C) 2 D) 1 2
0 - 0 1 5 5
5 5 5

2) 5 1
6 -2
1 1 1 1 3 5 5 1
- - -
8 16 8 16 8 16 16 16
A) 3 5 B) 3 5 C) 1 1 D) 3 1
- - -
8 16 8 16 8 16 8 8

3) 3 0
5 6
1 1 1
0 0 0
3 3 6
A) 5 1 B) 5 1 C) 5 1 D) No inverse
- -
18 6 18 6 18 3

Page 15
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Title: Our Family Affairs, 1867-1896

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OUR FAMILY

AFFAIRS, 1867-1896 ***
 MY FATHER, ÆT. 50 Frontispiece

OUR FAMILY AFFAIRS

1867-1896

BY
E. F. BENSON

AUTHOR OF “DODO,” “DAVID BLAIZE,”

“MICHAEL,” “QUEEN LUCIA,” ETC.
 WITH PORTRAITS

NEW YORK
GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1921,
BY GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
PAGE
Wellington and the Beginning 13

CHAPTER II
Lincoln and Early Emotions 32

CHAPTER III
Lincoln and Demoniacal Possession 52

CHAPTER IV
The New Home at Truro 62

CHAPTER V
Private School and Holidays 80

CHAPTER VI
The Dunce’s Progress 108

CHAPTER VII
The Widening Horizons 137

CHAPTER VIII
Lambeth and Addington 163

CHAPTER IX
The Fall of the First Leaf 189

CHAPTER X
Cambridge 209
 CHAPTER XI
The Circle is Broken 237

CHAPTER XII
An Archæological Excursion 255

CHAPTER XIII
Athens and Dodo 276

CHAPTER XIV
Athens and Egypt 303

Index: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, W, Z 325
 PORTRAITS
My Father, aet. 50 Frontispiece
PAGE
My Mother, aet. 20 19
Elizabeth Cooper: “Beth”, aet. 78 69
E. F. Benson, aet. 19 119
“His Grace” 169
“Her Grace” 219
E. F. Benson, aet. 22 269
E. F. Benson, aet. 26 287

OUR FAMILY AFFAIRS

 CHAPTER I

WELLINGTON AND THE BEGINNING

M Y father was headmaster of Wellington College, where and when I

was born, but of him there, in spite of his extraordinarily forcible
personality, I have no clear memory, though the first precise and
definite recollection that I retain at all, heaving out of nothingness, was
connected with him, for it certainly was he, who, standing by the table in
the window of the dining-room with an open newspaper in his hand, told
me never to forget this day on which the Franco-German war came to an
end. Otherwise as regards him, somebody swept by in an academic cap and
gown, a figure not at all awe-inspiring as he became to me very soon after,
but simply a rather distinguished natural phenomenon to be regarded in the
same light as rain or wall-paper or sunshine. Cudgel my memory as I may, I
can evoke no other figure of him at Wellington, except as something shining
and swift; an external object whirling along on an orbit as inconjecturable
as those of the stars, and wholly uninteresting. He had a study on the left of
the front door into the Master’s Lodge, where there was a big desk with a
shiny circular cover. I know that I was taken in there to say good night to
him, but the most remarkable thing there was the big desk with large
handles, and perhaps a boy standing by it, mountainous in height and
looking extremely polite and gentle. There was the same ceremony every
evening: my father kissed me, put his hand on my head and said, “God
bless you and make you a good boy always.” The most significant detail of
that ritual was that my father’s face was rough, not smooth like the face of
my mother and of Beth, and that there lingered round him or the room a
smell of books and a smell of soap.
A little later on than that there came a period when for half an hour
before bedtime my two sisters and I (for the present the youngest) used to
visit him in that same study while he drew entrancing pictures for us, each
in turn. One of these I found only the other day: it represents a hill crowned
with a castle and a church, in front of which is a small knight waving his
sword in the direction of a terrifying dragon, horned and tailed, who is
flying across the sky. Below in minute capitals runs a rhyming legend. Or I
went to the College chapel, though not often, and by way of a treat, and
there was the same figure in a surplice, in a stall on the right hand of the
door of entrance. I believe I was there on the last Sunday of his
Headmastership and that they sang a hymn which he wrote.
Emotionally, I have no picture-book illustrated with memories of my
first five years, but externally I have impressions that possess a haunting
vividness comparable only to the texture of dreams, when dreams are
tumultuously alive. All these (and I think the experience is universal) were
external happenings, trivial in themselves, but far more lasting than
emotional affairs in later life. Never shall I forget, though I have forgotten
so much of far vaster import since then, the discovery of an adder on the
croquet lawn outside the nursery windows. The gardener attacked it with
the shears that he had been using for clipping the edges of the grass: he
made fine chopping gestures, and presently disappeared into the belt of
wood with the adder slung on the blades. There is the vignette: something
terribly vivid but girt about with mist. I have no other knowledge of the
gardener but that he killed an adder with his shears and went into the belt of
wood with the corpse dangling thereon.
There was an evening when, having had my bath in the nursery I
escaped from the hands of my nurse, slippery with soapy water, and looked
out of the nursery window. Then a miracle burst upon my astounded eyes,
for, though it was bedtime my mother was in the act of putting her foot on
her own croquet ball, and with a smart stroke sending the adversary into the
limbo of a flower-bed. That was allowed by the rule of 1870 or thereabouts,
and it gave me the impression of consummate skill and energy. My mother,
you must understand, stood quite still with her own ball in chancery below
her foot. The concussion of her violent mallet sent the adversary into a
flower-bed, and the calceolarias nodded.... Then Beth, my nurse, caught me,
and rubbed me dry, and I went to bed with the delicious sense of my
mother’s magnificence, and the marvel of people still playing croquet in
daylight when I had to go to bed. I think that this occasion was the first on
which I recognised my mother as having a personality of her own. The next
confused me again, for on some birthday of one of us, or at Christmas, Beth
told me that Abracadabra was coming, and that I mustn’t be frightened. I
was then taken to see my mother, who was lying down in her bedroom, and
said that she was very sleepy, and I returned to the nursery. Shortly
afterwards there was a general hubbub in the house, and on being taken
downstairs from the nursery into the hall, I saw a huge bedizened fairy
standing in front of the fireplace. She blew a piercing trumpet at intervals,
and made dance-steps to the right and left. She had a wonderful hat covered
with lilies, and a dress covered with jewels, and in front of her was a thing
that might have been mistaken for the clothes-basket out of which Beth
took clean shirts and socks, but it could not possibly have been that,
because it gleamed with pure gold. A sheet lay on the top of it, and
Abracadabra blew her trumpet, and Beth, holding me close, said, “Eh, dear,
don’t be frightened; it’s all right!”
Obviously it was all right; for to put an end to all tearful tendencies,
Abracadabra, with a magnificent gesture, withdrew the sheet, and hastily
presented me with a clockwork train, just what I had always wanted. She
turned a key in the engine, and the engine then capsized with loud buzzings,
but when Abracadabra put it on its wheels again, it proceeded to draw three
tin carriages after it. And it was mine, the very thing I had wanted, and
Abracadabra smiled as she gave it me, and I thought that her face was rather
like Mamma’s. But the likeness must have been purely accidental, because
Mamma was in her bedroom feeling sleepy. And when Abracadabra went
through the door into the kitchen passage blowing loudly on her trumpet,
and when, after a few excursions of the clockwork train, I was allowed to
go up to her room again, and found her still sleepy, it might be indeed
considered proved that she was not Abracadabra. Besides, when I told her
about Abracadabra’s visit, she was very much vexed that she had missed
her, and asked whether Abracadabra had not left any present for her, which
she had not. That is the first clear and definite memory I have of
Abracadabra, and also, in a way, it is the last, for when next that amiable
fairy visited us, I knew, alas, that she was no fairy at all, but my mother,
dressed in the amazing garb of fairyland. But though that particular brand of
fairyland was finished for me, those subsequent occasions were girt with
grandeur, for I, concealing my own superior knowledge, must pretend that
this was genuine Abracadabra, thus indulging and buttressing the belief of
my youngest brother Hugh, who still, innocent thing, had no grown-up
doubts on the subject.... I found those selfsame garments only lately in a
trunk stowed away in an attic at the last home my mother lived in; a skirt
covered with sprays of artificial flowers, a bodice and stomacher set with
gems of pure glass, a hat of white satin embowered in flowers, a pair of
wings, gauze and gold, and a pair of high-heeled shoes covered with gilt
paper. They were moth-eaten and mouldy, and it was scarcely possible for
the most sentimental pilgrim to preserve them. Besides I had the memory of
the day when the authentic fairy appeared in them, and that memory was
sweeter than the condition, forty-five years later, of the robes themselves.
My mother had kept them, I make no doubt, when her own days of
Abracadabra were over by reason of our emergence from childhood, in the
hope that one day a daughter or daughter-in-law would assume them again
for the joy and mystification of grandchildren, but that day never came. So
the robes of fairyland stowed away in their trunk were forgotten, until that
day at Tremans when I found them, as I turned out the treasures and the
rubbish of the vanished years before the house passed into other hands. It
was a dark autumn day, and the rain beat softly on the roof, but verily, when
I opened the trunk and found them there, the sunlight of the dawn of life
shot level and delicious rays from the far horizon, and cast a rainbow over
the weeping sky.
People in those very early days, with the exception of Beth, were more
part of the general landscape of life than human beings, similar in kind to
myself, with an individuality of their own. They were not loved or feared:
they were but a part of the general environment, like the walls of the
nursery, or trees or dinner or beds. But, as by some superior swiftness of
evolution, Beth ceased to be landscape, and became a human being, wholly
to be adored and generally to be obeyed, sooner than any of the family. She
was well over fifty when first I remember her, and had by now almost
completed the nursing of a second generation, for she had been nursery-
maid with Mrs. Sidgwick, my mother’s mother, when her family came into
the world, and had gone to my mother when at the mature age of nineteen
the first of her six children was born. Thereafter Beth remained with my
mother until the end of her long and utterly beautiful life of love and
service. Very soon after she came to my grandmother, at the age of fifteen,
she gave notice because she wanted to go back from Rugby to her native
Yorkshire, and did not settle into more southerly ways. But my grandmother
encouraged her to think that she soon would do so, and so Beth, instead of
leaving, stopped on till the age of ninety-three, in an unbroken devotion to
us of seventy-eight years. That devotion was returned: we were all her
children, and the darlingest of all to Beth’s big heart was Hugh.
Beth then, to my sense, emerged first of all into the
 MY MOTHER, AET. 20 [Page 19

ranks of human beings, servant and friend and to a very considerable extent
mistress. But she gave us no weak and sentimental devotion, and though
she never inspired the smallest degree of fear, her rare displeasure caused an
awful feeling of loneliness and desolation. If we had done wrong, she
demanded sorrow before her forgiveness was granted, and if to her wise
mind the sorrow was not sufficiently sincere, she was quite capable of
saying, when we said we were sorry in too superficial a manner, “I don’t
want your sorrer,” and the day grew black, until she accepted it and beamed
forgiveness. That granted, there was never any nagging, and next minute
she would be running races with us again until panting and bright-eyed she
would stop and say, “Eh, dear, I can’t run any more: I’ve got a bone in my
leg.”
She mingles in almost every memory that I have of those days, a loved
and protecting presence. She it was who lifted me up to look out of the
nursery window when a sham fight was going on, perhaps at Aldershot.
There were reports of guns to be heard and, so I fancy, flashes and wreaths
of smoke, and like George III I got it firmly embedded in my mind that this
was the battle of Waterloo that I had witnessed. The connection I think lay
through the fact of this place being Wellington. She it was who led me
through a delicious sandy piece of waste ground near the house called the
Wilderness, and allowed me to pick and eat a blackberry from a bramble
that grew by a rubbish heap on which was a broken plate. Never have I seen
such a blackberry. I can still hardly believe it was not of the size of an
apricot, for I know it entirely filled my mouth and the juice spurted
therefrom as out of a wine-vat. She too consoled me for the loss of two
front teeth which came out into a piece of butter-scotch that she had given
me. She removed the teeth and I proceeded with the toffee. She too allowed
me to take out of the Noah’s ark with which we played on Sundays a brown
dog remotely resembling a setter, two of whose legs had been broken. Her
brilliant surgery had repaired this loss by inserting in the stumps a couple of
pins so that it stood up as well as ever. This I was permitted to carry about
with me, partly in my pocket, but mostly in a warm damp hand, which
caused the setter to exude a pleasant smell of paint and varnish. A moment
of tragedy, the first that I had known, was the sequel, and I do not believe
that ever in my life I have been more utterly miserable. What happened was
this.
It was Christmas Eve, and the five of us, Martin, Arthur, Nellie, Maggie,
and myself—Hugh, so I guess, being then little more than a month old—
were returning from our walk, and the setter should have been in my hand
or in my pocket. We were going through a wood of fir trees, the ground was
brown and slippery with pineneedles, and the sun low and red shone
through the tall trunks making, with the fact that it was Christmas Eve, an
enchanted moment. I had just found out that my breath steamed, as it came
out of my mouth, and Beth and I were playing steamers. Then suddenly I
became aware that the setter was neither in my hand nor my pocket, and the
abomination of desolation descended on me. For a little while we looked for
it, and then Beth decreed that we must go on. But Martin—this is the first
thing that I can recollect about him—being eleven years old and able to
walk alone after dark, got leave to stop behind and look for it, while the rest
of the bereaved procession went homewards. At that point my memory
fails, and I have no idea whether he found it or not. But here were the two
first crystallized emotions of my life; the black misery of the loss of the
setter, and the sense of Martin’s amazing kindness and bravery in stopping
behind by himself in the terrible wood. There was a moon in the sky when
we came out into the open and frosty stars, but no heart within me to care
for playing steamers any more that day.
Next morning, after nursery-breakfast, I went down to the dining-room,
and was given a cup of milk to drink by my father. This was an unusual
proceeding, and as I progressed towards the bottom of the cup he told me to
drink slowly. Something inside the cup clinked as I finished it, and there
was a shilling which was mine.
On Sunday morning, towards the end of the Wellington days, I went
down to breakfast in the dining-room. There were short prayers first, about
which I remember nothing except the sight of servants’ backs, kneeling at
chairs. But on one such morning, in the summer I suppose, because all the
windows were wide open, a very delightful thing happened. There was a
tame squirrel that used to scamper about the house, and run up and down
stairs, and on this occasion he suddenly descended from a curtain rod,
crossed the floor and scampered up the cook’s back. Probably she pushed
him off, for he chattered with rage and went and sat on the sideboard and
began nibbling ham.
After prayers were over, while breakfast was being brought up, it was
my task to go round the walls of the dining-room, where hung engravings
of eminent personages, and name them. There was the Prince Consort in
striped trousers with a bowler hat in his hand, the Duke of Wellington in
knee-breeches, the head and shoulders of Dr. Walford, a full length of Dean
Stanley, and Dr. Martin Routh in a wig reading a book. Round the edge of
this which I think must have been a mezzotint were various small sketches
of the said Dr. Martin Routh in other attitudes. Then came the smell of
sausages and the advent of two or three sixth form boys who in turn
breakfasted with my father. These were very glorious persons and I
marvelled at their condescension in coming. Once the head of the school
came, and following my father’s example I addressed him by his surname
(whatever it was) without the prefix of “Mister,” for which omission I was
corrected. But out of his magnificence he did not seem to mind.
Slowly, as the mists of infancy dispersed through which like sundered
mountain-tops were seen these scattered incidents, a more panoramic vision
of life as a coherent whole made its appearance. There had been vignettes,
now of the Wilderness, now of my father’s study, now of the nursery, with
nothing except the continuous association with Beth to bind them together.
But now these scattered localities became parts of one connected picture,
and I could form some sort of complete idea of the place. Most important
was the house, the Master’s Lodge, a red brick building standing in its own
grounds. You entered through a gabled porch into a broad passage, on one
side of which lay my father’s study. Glass doors separated this from the
huge immensity of the hall, with my mother’s sitting-room, the drawing-
room and the dining-room opening out of it. The stairs started in the centre
of it and after one flight separated into two, each of which led up into a
gallery that skirted three sides of the hall. Bedrooms opened out of this, also
the day nursery and night nursery, and pitch-pine banisters (a wood much
admired at that time) ran round it, and it was through these banisters that
one morning my sister Maggie, in a fit of wonderful audacity inserted her
foot, and exclaimed, “That’s my foot, Alleluia.” In the nursery, the room
with which I was chiefly concerned, was a rocking-horse with wide red
nostrils and movable pummels. These pummels penetrated right through his
dappled skin, and by removing them it was possible to drop small objects
like pebbles into his inside, where they rattled agreeably as he rocked. Once
some one of us, tempting Fate, held a penny at this remarkable aperture,
and the penny dropped inside, so that Beth had to turn the rocking-horse
upside down and shake him until it was restored to currency again. There
was a low deal table, quantities of lead soldiers, and a swing hung from the
ceiling, so that altogether it presented most agreeable features. There was
also a large cupboard where playthings must be put away when they were
done with, and I remember with excitement a Homeric struggle that took
place there between Martin and Arthur for the possession of a stick which
was painted blue and red. But the most remarkable feature of the nursery
was its walls, which, by the time we left Wellington, were entirely covered
with pictures. These pictures we children used to cut out on wet days from
old illustrated papers under my father’s supervision, and he, clad in a
dressing-gown to defend his clothes from splashes of paste, fixed them up
on the walls, till the entire surface was covered. He had a step-ladder on
which he attacked the higher altitudes, and a roller with which he pressed
down the affixed pictures to the wall. There were battles there and historical
scenes, notable buildings, and numerous cartoons from Punch. But one
ought never to have been put there, for I dreaded seeing it, and, like a child,
kept my dread to myself. It was the outcome, I imagine, of some enquiry
into sweated trades, and represented a dressmaker talking to a client and
saying, “I wouldn’t disappoint your ladyship for anything,” or words to that
effect. At the back was a glimpse into her workroom, and there falling
backwards with closed eyes was a girl, fainting I suppose in the artist’s
intention, but I knew better and was aware that she was dead. Nightmares
pictured her as falling across my bed in the sleeping-nursery next door, and
Beth, in her frilled nightcap came close and said, “Now, dear, go to sleep
again. I’m taking care of you.” Doors in the hall led I suppose to kitchens
and servants’ bedrooms, but of these I remember nothing except the fact of
a flagged passage and the smell of a store-cupboard to which I once went
with my mother. That part of the house did not matter.
Outside, the lawn was spread round two sides of the house; if you
crossed it, you found a wicket-gate in a fence that bordered the belt of trees
where the gardener cast the dead adder, and through this you passed to the
kitchen garden. On the right of the lawn below the trees stood a summer-
house where the croquet mallets were kept, and through these trees was a
path that led out into the school playing fields. A gravel sweep faced the
front door; there were laburnums and rhododendrons by the gate, to the
right lay the Wilderness and straight in front the College buildings with the
spired chapel at the far end. Somewhere in these buildings was the school
library, only notable because it contained a glass case in which was a white
ant. Below the playing fields lay two immeasurable lakes, in the lower of
which was the school bathing-place: the upper, though also immeasurable,
was smaller, and a waterfall of gigantic height severed the two. By degrees
the same world extended even further than that, for by walking laboriously
you could reach either of two hills called Edgebarrow and Ambarrow, and
then it was time to come home again.
Simultaneously with this growing reality of the world, its inhabitants
(still with the exception of my father) assumed an individuality of their
own. Far the most individual of them was my mother, who seemed to live
entirely for pleasure except when she taught us our lessons. She played
croquet with consummate skill, she drove herself in a pony carriage, she put
on a low shining dress every evening with turquoise brooches and bracelets,
and had as much eau-de-Cologne as she wished on her handkerchief. When
she was dressing for dinner we used to go into her room, examine that
Golconda of a jewel-case, and bring her clean handkerchiefs of our own
still folded up, for her to “make moons” on them, as the phrase was, with
eau-de-Cologne. She took the stopper out of the bottle, and reversed it on to
these folded handkerchiefs, making three or four applications. Then we
unfolded these odorous handkerchiefs, held them up to the light, and lo,
they were penetrated with full wet moons of eau-de-Cologne. She was, too,
enormously wealthy, for every Saturday we went to see her in her sitting-
room, and she opened the front of her inlaid Italian cabinet, and drew from
one of the pigeon-holes within, a little wicker-basket, and out of it paid our
weekly allowances. For elders there was as much as sixpence, but sixpences
came out of a japanned cash-box, for juniors there was twopence or a penny
according to age, and all these pennies, infinite apparently in number came
out of the wicker-basket. She had a rosewood work-box, lined with red silk,
which contained what was known as her “treasures.” These were two white
china elephants with gilded feet, a small silk parasol, the ferrule of which
was a pencil, an amber necklace, a cornelian heart, and boxes that made
loud pops when you opened them. If any of us had a cold, or some ailment
that kept us indoors, we were allowed to play with her treasures, to while
away the solitude. But for some reason I did not think much of the
treasures, and after being consoled with them during an afternoon indoors
gave vent to the appalling criticism, “What Mamma calls tessors, I call
’Ubbish.” But that, as far as I know, was the only disloyalty of which I was
ever guilty with regard to her. I just did not care about that particular sort of
treasures.
What a life was hers! She ordered lunch and dinner precisely as she
chose; she had a silver card-case with cards in it, stating who she was and
where she was, and we all belonged to her, and so in some dim way did my
father, and even the biggest boys of the great sixth form itself touched their
caps to her as she passed. And slowly, slowly I became aware that she was
worthy of all these pleasures and this homage.
There were certainly lessons in those days, I suppose for about an hour a
day. There was a book called Reading without Tears, which said that a-b
was “ab,” and d-o-g was “dog.” There must have been certain crises over
this learning for I was kept in instead of going out one day, and, with the
fatal habit of inversion which has clung to me all my life, said, so my
mother told me, “I call it tears without reading!” I record this anecdote in
pure self-condemnation: I don’t suppose I knew that this obiter dictum
made sense; it was only the beginning of a habit to play about with words,
and see to what fashion of affairs they could be suited. Every morning also,
when we came downstairs we went into my mother’s sitting-room, and
learned a new verse of a Psalm, repeating the verses previously learned. The
Twenty-Third Psalm was one of these, and the Ninety-First I think must
have been another, since I cannot remember the time when I did not know it
by heart. I do not think that these religious repetitions meant anything to
me; they were part of the inevitable day, which was full of glee.
That my mother had any other life of her own, full as I know it to have
been of worries and anxieties and of marvellous happinesses, never, as was
natural, occurred to any of us. She was, as far as concerns my memory of
her at Wellington, a glorious sunlit figure, living a life that appeared to be
the apotheosis of hedonism, the mistress of a shouting houseful of children,
all wilful, all set on having their own way, and she calmly ruled us all,
without even letting us know that we were being ruled. All the time she was
a very young woman married to a man twelve years her senior who was as
violently individual as anyone could be. But for us she floated there like the
moons of eau-de-Cologne which embellished our handkerchiefs, carrying
something of the fairyhood of Abracadabra, and all the wizardry of her own
inimitable wisdom. After Beth it was she who first emerged out of the
landscape which once embraced trees and people alike, and to us soared
upwards like a rising constellation. She could not take Beth’s place, for
Beth filled that, but she enlarged a child’s heart, and dwelt there. She never
ceased from her own enlargements: in my mother’s house there were many
mansions. There were mansions for everybody, and none of the tenants
usurped the place of another. As we grew up, all of us, without exception,
felt that we were especially hers, and were in a unique relation to her. We
were all quite right about that, and so were a myriad friends of hers. There
was “the best room” for each of them. How she did it, how she conveyed
that adorable truth I know now, because I know that love is of infinite
dimensions, and has the same perfect room for all. But the childish instinct
was right: she cared supremely, and gave her whole heart to each of us.
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