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ECOM 360 Assignment Spring 2025

The document outlines an assignment focused on analyzing and simulating single-tone and dual-tone frequency modulated signals, including theoretical derivations, bandwidth analysis, and MATLAB simulations. It details tasks for both single-tone and dual-tone FM, including deriving expressions, estimating bandwidth, and comparing spectral characteristics. The report structure is specified, requiring sections such as theoretical derivations, MATLAB code and plots, and analysis of results.

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hayatkk10407
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3 views

ECOM 360 Assignment Spring 2025

The document outlines an assignment focused on analyzing and simulating single-tone and dual-tone frequency modulated signals, including theoretical derivations, bandwidth analysis, and MATLAB simulations. It details tasks for both single-tone and dual-tone FM, including deriving expressions, estimating bandwidth, and comparing spectral characteristics. The report structure is specified, requiring sections such as theoretical derivations, MATLAB code and plots, and analysis of results.

Uploaded by

hayatkk10407
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment: Analysis and Simulation of Single-Tone and Dual-Tone Frequency

Modulated Signals

� Objective:

To study the characteristics of frequency modulated (FM) signals with single-tone and dual-
tone modulating signals. This includes theoretical derivation, bandwidth analysis, spectral
characteristics, and validation using MATLAB simulations.

� Part 1: Theoretical Background

1.1. Single-Tone Frequency Modulation

Given a carrier wave:

𝜑𝜑𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 + 𝛽𝛽sin (𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡)

Where:
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
• 𝛽𝛽 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 is the modulation index

Tasks:

1. Derive the above expression from the general form:

𝜑𝜑𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅�𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗(𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡 �

Expand the signal using Bessel functions to express it as a sum of sinusoidal


components.

2. Estimate the bandwidth using Carson's Rule:

3. Explain how modulation index 𝛽𝛽 influences the spectrum.

1.2. Dual-Tone Frequency Modulation

Now, consider a two-tone modulating signal:

𝜑𝜑𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 + 𝛽𝛽1 sin (𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚1 𝑡𝑡) + 𝛽𝛽2 sin(𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚2 𝑡𝑡))

Tasks:

1. Derive the expression above.


2. Comment on the resulting spectrum: How does the presence of two modulation
frequencies affect the bandwidth and spectral richness?

3. Estimate the bandwidth using a generalized Carson’s Rule approach.

� Part 2: MATLAB Simulation

2.1. Single-Tone FM

Steps:

1. Generate an FM signal using:

o 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐 = 2000 Hz (carrier)

o 𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 = 100 Hz (modulating tone)

2. Modulation indices: 𝛽𝛽 = 1,5,10

3. Plot:

o Time-domain signal

o Frequency spectrum using FFT

2.2. Dual-Tone FM

Steps:

1. Use two modulating frequencies: 𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚1 = 100, 𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚2 = 200 Hz.

2. Generate:

𝜑𝜑𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 + 𝛽𝛽1 sin(𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚1 𝑡𝑡) + 𝛽𝛽2 sin(𝜔𝜔𝑚𝑚2 𝑡𝑡))

3. Repeat time and frequency domain analysis.

4. Compare the spectrum with single-tone FM.

5. Modulation indices: (𝛽𝛽1 , 𝛽𝛽2 ) = (1,2), (𝛽𝛽1 , 𝛽𝛽2 ) = (2,5), (𝛽𝛽1 , 𝛽𝛽2 ) = (2,1), (𝛽𝛽1 , 𝛽𝛽2 ) =
(5,2)
� Part 3: Results and Analysis

1. Compare spectral width and richness for single-tone and dual-tone cases.

2. Discuss how modulation index and tone combination affect the output.

3. Validate Carson’s bandwidth estimate using FFT plots.

� Report Structure

Please organize your submission as follows:

• Title Page

• Introduction

• Theoretical Derivations

• MATLAB Code and Plots

• Analysis of Results

• Conclusion and Observations

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