Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Contents
Chapter # 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3
Related Theory:......................................................................................................................................... 3
Irrigation: ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Phases of irrigation: ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Irrigation scheme: ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Components of irrigation scheme: ................................................................................................................ 3
Various Steps for Planning the Irrigation System for an Area:................................................................. 3
1. Area Identification: ............................................................................................................................... 4
Gross Command Area (GCA):...................................................................................................................... 4
Culturable Command Area (CCA): .............................................................................................................. 4
Non Culturable Command Area (NCCA):.................................................................................................... 4
2. Alignment of irrigation channels: ......................................................................................................... 4
Alignment of canals and distributary: ........................................................................................................... 4
Alignment of water course: ........................................................................................................................... 5
3. Deciding the Cropping Pattern:............................................................................................................. 6
Cropping Intensity/Cultivation Intensity: ..................................................................................................... 6
Factors affecting Cropping Pattern: .............................................................................................................. 6
4. Crop Water Requirement: ..................................................................................................................... 6
Consumptive use: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Estimation of Consumptive use: ................................................................................................................... 6
Factors influencing Crop water requirements: .............................................................................................. 7
Conveyance losses: ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Crop Period: .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Base Period: .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Delta of a Crop:............................................................................................................................................. 8
Major crops grown in Pakistan: .................................................................................................................... 8
Water Availability:........................................................................................................................................ 9
Duty of a Crop: ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Full Supply Factor: ....................................................................................................................................... 9

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Intensity of Irrigation: ................................................................................................................................... 9

Water Allowance: ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Discharge Statement: .................................................................................................................................... 9
Water Conveyance Efficiency: ..................................................................................................................... 9
Warabandi System: ................................................................................................................................... 9
Warabandi Management System: ............................................................................................................... 10
Functions and Characteristics of Warabandi: ............................................................................................. 10
Objectives of Warabandi: ........................................................................................................................... 10
Types of Warabandi: ................................................................................................................................... 10
Types of warabandi in Pakistan: ................................................................................................................. 11
Benefits of Warabandi: ............................................................................................................................... 11
Formulation:................................................................................................................................................ 11
Calculation of Warabandi Schedule:........................................................................................................... 11
Chapter #2. Methodogy………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...13
Chapter #3. Design Calculations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16
Calculation of Required discharge for Rabi Season: .................................................................................. 16
Calculation of Required discharge for Kharif Season: ............................................................................... 17
Design Discharges for Outlets: ................................................................................................................... 18
Discharge/Capacity Statement for Minors: ................................................................................................. 19
Discharge/Capacity Statement for Main Distributary: ................................................................................ 22
Design of Outlets: ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Design of Main Distributory in Reaches: ................................................................................................... 24
Design of Minors in Reaches: ..................................................................................................................... 25
Design of Water Courses: ........................................................................................................................... 27
Command Statement For Distributory Canal: ............................................................................................ 29
Warabandi…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30

Chapter # 4. Drawings

Drawings……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Chapter # 1: Introduction
Related Theory:

Irrigation:

It is an art of applying water to the land by artificial means to fulfill the water requirements of the
crops in the area where the rainfall is insufficient.

Phases of irrigation:

Following are the phases of irrigation engineering

I. Storage or diversion
II. Conveyance and application of irrigation water
III. Distribution of irrigation water
IV. Drainage of excess water

Irrigation scheme:

It is the scheme which is used to irrigate certain cultivable areas under gravity flow. It is basically
the conveyance and distribution of water from the source to place where required.

Components of irrigation scheme:

 Main canal (Taken off from a barrage)

 Branch Canal (Canal taking off from main canal)
 Distributary (Canal taking off from a branch canal)
 Minors (Small canal taken from distributor)
 Water Courses (Small channels to take water from distributor or minor to fields for
irrigation)
 Different Hydraulic Structures: (e.g. outlet, crossings, head regulators etc.)

Various Steps for Planning the Irrigation System for an Area:

1. Area identification, GCA, CCA, NCCA
2. Alignment of canals, distributaries and water water-courses
3. Deciding the cropping pattern
4. Estimation of crop water requirements

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

1. Area Identification:
Gross Command Area (GCA):

It is the total area which is bounded within irrigation boundary of a project, which can be
economically irrigated without considering the limitation of the quantity or irrigation water. It also
includes the area which cannot be cultivated e.g. villages, roads, utility etc.

It is total area used for design consideration. This may be cultivated or non-cultivated area
depending upon the condition and topography.

Culturable Command Area (CCA):

It is the effective area which is culturable or the area that is cultivated out of total command area.

Non Culturable Command Area (NCCA):

It is the area which is not cultivated.

CCA = GCA – NCCA

 Chak bandi is to divide the whole CCA into command area of each outlet.

2. Alignment of irrigation channels:

The alignment of irrigation channels can be divided into two parts, namely

a) Alignment of canals and distributory

b) Alignment of water-course

Alignment of canals and distributary:

i) The canals and distributaries should be aligned in such a manner that the entire tract
(land) should be irrigated by flow irrigation. In order to achieve this objective and also
to cut down cost in construction channels should be aligned along ridges. If this fact is
overlooked the channel will run through filling which will not only entitle higher cost
but will also jeopardize the area with water-logging.
ii) Unless otherwise specified by higher authority, the contour plan with scale 2” to a mile
and having contour at 5’ interval should be used for studying the alignment of canals
and distributory. The contour plan should be studied thoroughly and different proposals

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

should be marked on plan and their merits and demerits should be weighted. The most
economical and practical should be adopted.
iii) Care should, however be taken that the irrigation channel do not cross the drainage
system of the area.
iv) Obstacles, such as roads, towns, railway lines, canals etc should be avoided.
v) An irrigation channel should not as far as possible cut an area which is irrigated by
wells.
vi) The main as well as branch canals are carrier canals, and so no direct irrigation should
be done from them.
vii) The main channel should be split into moderate size branch canals and the splitting
point should be so located that maximum area is irrigated economically.
viii) The distributaries should be so aligned that length of a water course taking off from it
should in no case exceed 2 miles.
ix) Effort should be made to keep the channel straight. When it is not possible, the
minimum radii of curves should be kept as follows;

Minimum Radii of Curves

Capacity of Channel (cusecs)
(feet)
Over 3000 5000
3000-1000 3000
1000-500 2000
500-100 1000
100-10 500
Less than 10 300

x) As maintenance cost of a distributory is inversely proportional to its discharge, large

sized distributaries are better than small ones.

Alignment of water course:

i) The alignment of water course unless otherwise directed by the higher authorities,
should be studied on a plan having a scale of 8” to a mile and showing spot levels at
every corner of 500 ft.
ii) A water course should be minimum in length.
iii) As far as possible a water course should be aligned within one square i.e. 25 acres (990
x 1100), one hectare = 2.47acres.
iv) In order to reduce absorption losses, a water course should irrigate on its both sides.
v) Ordinarily only one nakka is sanctioned for each water course. But where the
configuration of ground doesn’t admit of one nakka, a second may be provided.

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

3. Deciding the Cropping Pattern:

Cropping pattern means how many crops and how much area for a crop is being cultivated.

Cropping Intensity/Cultivation Intensity:

It is the percentage of the area of a a particular crop wrt CCA.

Factors affecting Cropping Pattern:

 Climate
 Soil characteristics
 Hydrology
 Water allowance
 Crop water requirements
 Intensity of cropping and irrigation
 Farmers’ requirements of food, fodder, clothes etc.

4. Crop Water Requirement:

It is the total amount of water required by the crop in a given period of time for normal growth,
under field conditions. It includes evaporation and other unavoidable losses. It is normally
expressed in terms of depth of water and associated with the area of crop.

Crop water requirement = Consumptive use + seepage losses in the field + others (i.e.
water need for land preparation)

Consumptive use:

It is the amount of water required by a crop for its vegetated growth to evapotranspiration and
building of plant tissues plus evaporation from soils and intercepted precipitation. It is expressed
in terms of depth of water.

Consumptive use varies with temperature, humidity, wind speed, topography, sunlight hours,
method of irrigation, moisture availability.

Estimation of Consumptive use:

1. Direct method

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

2. Pan evaporation method

3. Empirical method

Factors influencing Crop water requirements:

i) Effect of major climatic factors on crop water needs

Climatic Factor Crop water need

High Low
Sunshine Sunny (no clouds) Cloudy (no sun)
Temperature Hot Cool
Humidity Low (Dry) High (Humid)
Wind speed Windy Little wind

ii) Influence of crop type on crop water needs

The influence of the crop type on the crop water need is important in two ways.
a) The crop type has an influence on the daily water needs of a fully grown crop; i.e.
the peak daily water needs of a fully developed maize crop will need more water
per day than a fully developed crop of onions.
b) The crop type has an influence on the duration of the total growing season of the
crop. There are short duration crops, e.g. peas, with duration of the total growing
season of 90 to 100 days and longer duration crops, e.g. melons, with a duration
total growing season of 120 to 160 days. There are, of course, also perennial crops
that are in the field for many years, such as fruit trees.

Conveyance losses:
Take place from barrage to the field (outlet). So design should be according to requirement of
water plus losses.
Major loss of water in an irrigation channel is due to absorption, seepage or percolation
and evaporation. In earthen channel losses due to seepage are much more than the losses due to
evaporation. The absorption losses depend upon following:

 Type of soil
 Subsoil water
 Age of canal
 Position of FSL w.r.t. N.S.L
 Amount of silt carried by canal

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

 Wetted perimeter

Crop Period:
It is the time normally in days that a crop takes from the instance of its sowing to harvesting.
Base Period:
It is the time in days between the first watering and last watering to the crops before harvesting.
Note: Base period is normally less than the crop period depending upon the type of crop.

Delta of a Crop:

It is the total depth of water required by the crop in unit area during base period. In other words, it
is the total depth of water required for maturing the crop.

Volume = Depth x Area

Now to get the total amount of water for crops ( i.e. water for Kharif and Rabi crops) add water
for each crop individually

Q = Volume / time

Major crops grown in Pakistan:

 Rabi Season (October to March)
Wheat, Gram, Barley, Potato, Sugar cane, Fodder, Oil seed and Berseen etc.

 Kharif season (April to September)

Cotton, Maize, Rice, Sugarcane and Tobacco Indicative values of the total growing periods for
different crops

Total growing period Total growing

Crop Crop
(days) period (days)
Barley/oats/wheat 120-150 Millet 105-140
Bean, green 75-90 Onion, green 70-95
Citrus 240-365 Pepper 120-210
Cotton 180-195 Rice 90-150
Grain/small 150-165 Sorghum 120-130
Lentil 150-170 Soya bean 135-150
Maize, sweet 80-110 Squash 95-120
Grain 125-180 Sunflower 125-130

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Water Availability:
Duty of a Crop:
It is the area irrigated in hectors by one Cumecs or area irrigated in acres by one cusecs.
Full Supply Factor:
From the statistical records for different projects in operation, duty is determined. The base periods
are Rabi (winter crop) and Kharif (summer crop). By comparing the tract (land) to be irrigated
with those already under irrigation and by studying other relevant factors which affect the duty, a
fair guess of it for new project is made. The term duty is only used for existing or running projects,
but in a proposed project it is known as full supply factor.

Intensity of Irrigation:
It is the percentage of area irrigated during a base period or annually.
Water Allowance:
This is the amount or discharge in cusecs required to irrigate thousand acres of an area or in cumecs
required to irrigate thousand hectors of an area.
Water Allowance = ΣQ x 1000/CCA

Discharge Statement:
This gives the information of discharge at every point/section of the canal.
Water Conveyance Efficiency:
It is the ratio of the water delivered to the farmer by the conveyance system to the water introduced
into the canal at source.

Warabandi System:
Warabandi is a rotational method for equitable distribution of water available in an irrigation
system by turns fixed according to predetermined schedule specifying the day, time and duration
of supply to each farmer in proportion to the size of his land holding in the outlet command.

Warabandi comprises of two words;

i. Wahr means Turns

ii. Bandi means Fixed

So warabandi means fixed turns.

Malhotra points out that warabandi is not just the distribution of water inside the water course
according to predetermined schedule, but an integrated water management system extending from
the source to the farm gate or to the fields.

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Warabandi is a continuous rotation of water in which one complete cycle of rotation that lasts
seven days or in some instances ten days and each farmer in the water course receives water during
one turn in this cycle of rotation for an already fixed length of time. (This is called weekly or seven
day warabandi which is followed in Pakistan the other is 10 day warabandi).

Warabandi Management System:

Warabandi is a tertiary level or water course level distribution. This is mainly managed by the
stake holders/farmers or water users.

Department or the agency has to ensure a uniform flow in the water course in proportion to
command area of water course so that it continuously receives its allotted water duty.

Farmers within the water course are expected to manage their own farm for distribution of water
according to the warabandi which is established on the basis of mutual agreement between the
farmers unless a dispute arises between the farmers. These disputes are resolved by judicial
process.

Functions and Characteristics of Warabandi:

i. The main canal distributory points operate at supply levels that would allow
distributory canals to operate not less than 75% of full supply (level) length.
ii. Only authorized outlets draw their share of water from a distributory at the same time.
iii. Outlets are ungated and deliver flow of water in proportion to the area commanded.

Objectives of Warabandi:

i. High Efficiency of a system

High efficiency will be achieved through imposition of water scarcity on each farm.
ii. Equity in water use:
Equity in water use will be achieved through enforced equal share of scarced water per
unit area among all farmers.

Types of Warabandi:

1. Official Warabandi:
Official warabandi is the one which officially determined (by the government agency) and
recorded into documents.
None of the water course follow the official warabandi.
2. Agreed Warabandi:

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Agreed Warabandi is the derivative of official warabandi and there are some changes that
are mutually agreed by farmers.
Changes from actual to agreed come when there is shortage of or change in water supply
or there is any change in physical topography or change in land ownership and other power
relationships.
3. Actual Warabandi:
Actual warabandi is formulated by the water users or the farmers.

Types of warabandi in Pakistan:

1. Kacha Warabandi:
It is decided by farmers and there is no involvement by government agencies.
2. Pukka or Official Warabandi:
Same as kacha but there is involvement of government agencies and there is documentation
and there are field investigations and inquiry in case of disputes.

Benefits of Warabandi:

1. Increased (capacity) cropping intensity.

2. More irrigation discipline
3. Less disputes among the farmers
4. Greater economy and dependability
5. Simplicity of implementation
6. Productivity increment of irrigated agriculture

Formulation:
It is formed according to section 68 of canal and drainage act (VIII 1873).

Calculation of Warabandi Schedule:

Theoretically, in calculating the duration of warabandi turn given to particular farm plot, some
allowance is added to compensate for the time taken by the flow to fill that part of water course
leading to farm plot. This is called “Khal Bharai” (filling time). Similarly, in some cases, a farm
plot may continue to receive water from a filled portion of the water course even when it is blocked
upstream to divert water to another farm or another part of the watercourse command. This is
called “nikaal” (drainage time) and is deduced from the turn duration of that farm plot.

The calculation of warabandi schedule starts with determining by observation, the total of such
filling times (Tf) and the total of such drainage time (Td). For a weekly warabandi rotation, the unit
irrigation time (Tu) in hours per hectare/acre can be given by

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Tu = (168 – Tf + Td)/CCA

Te value of Tu should be same for all the farmers in the water course. A farmer’s warabandi turn
time is given by

Tt = Tu x A + Tf - Td

Where

A = Farm area / Area of farmer

Tf and Tu are filling and drainage times respectively for a farm area

Only some of the farmers in a watercourse may be entitled to filling time or drainage time, or both.
The warabandi schedule is prepared on the basis of different turn times calculated for each farm
plot on the basis of these values, whenever they occur, and the area of each farm plot.

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Chapter # 2: Methodology
For the given area

1. Calculate the GCA, NCCA and CCA

2. Decide about the cropping pattern
 Write down the various crops to be sown in Rabi and Kharif season
 Write down the crop period, cropping intensities for each crop

The following cropping pattern was considered

i. For Rabi Season (October to March)

Crop Period Intensity of Delta of Crop

Crop
(days) Cropping (%) (inches)
Wheat 135 40 15
Gram 100 20 12
Barley 135 10 12
Fodder 100 15 15
Sugar Cane 180 15 20

ii. For Kharif Season (April to September)

Crop Period Intensity of Delta Of Crop

Crop
(days) Cropping (%) (inches)
Rice 140 40 50
Cotton 165 20 12
Maize/Corn 120 15 20
Fodder 100 10 12
Sugar Cane 180 15 20

3. Calculate the Crop Water Requirement:

 Write down the delta of the crop
 Calculate the discharge for Rabi and Kharif season

If ΣVR and ΣVK are the total volumes in (acre-ft) required for Rabi and Kharif season
respectively,

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Then required discharge for Rabi Season is

𝛴𝑉𝑅 (𝑓𝑡 3 ) × 43560

𝑄𝑅 = (𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑏𝑖 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 (𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠) × 86400

And required discharge for Kharif Season is

𝛴𝑉𝐾 (𝑓𝑡 3 ) × 43560

𝑄𝐾 = (𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐾ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 (𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠) × 86400

And the design discharge QD is = large QR and Qk

4. Calculate the water Allowance

𝑄𝐷 × 1000 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
𝑊. 𝐴. = ( )
𝐶𝐶𝐴 1000 𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠
5. Find out the outlet command area and minimum number of outlets required to irrigate the
whole CCA

(Normally, outlets in vogue have capacity of 2-3 cusecs) let = 3 cusecs

𝑊.𝐴 ×𝐶𝐶𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝑄𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 1000

𝑄𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 ×1000
 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠) = 𝑊.𝐴

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝐶𝐴
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 =
𝐶𝐶𝐴 𝑜𝑓 1 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡

6. Plot the irrigation scheme and show the alignment of main canal, distributaries and water
courses on the given map. Divide the whole area into outlet commands. Show location of
outlets in the scheme. Also designate the outlets and write the R.D’s of outlets. The scheme
should be drawn such that only gravity flow is there and the maximum length of any water
course doesn’t exceed 2 miles.

7. Calculate design discharge for outlets

𝑊. 𝐴 × 𝐶𝐶𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑆 = 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
1000

𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 + 𝑄𝑆
8. Prepare discharge statement for outlets:

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

This statement gives the information about the discharge or capacity of canal at each
section or reach of the canal. Proceed from the last reach towards the first reach of the
distributary canal.
9. Design canal outlets
Design all the canal outlets as Crump’s Open Flume outlets with Cd = 3.088 & w = 0.4 ft.
10. Design the main canal/ main Distributary with unlined trapezoidal section in reaches.
Lacey’s theory will be used with d50 = 0.22 mm and side slopes as 1V: 1.5H
11. Design the minor canals with lined trapezoidal section
Manning’s equation will be used with side slopes of 1V: 1H, longitudinal slope of 1:4000
and manning’s n= 0.013.
12. Design the water courses as lined rectangular channel.
Again Manning’s equation will be used with longitudinal slope of 1:5000 and manning’s
n= 0.013. The discharge for which the water course is to be designed is the total discharge
at the head of outlet.
13. Plot typical cross sections of canals and water courses.
Plot 1 x-section of water course and three cross sections for main canal i.e.
i. Cutting
ii. Filling
iii. Cutting and Filling
14. Plot the longitudinal section for the main canal and for one minor canal. Also show the
proposed location of canal falls on the longitudinal section.
15. Prepare the command statement for the distribution network.
This canal statement is prepared to ensure that the slope of an irrigation channel is capable
of commanding the area to be irrigated under gravity flow.
16. Prepare the Warabandi system for any one outlet command.

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Chapter #3: Design Calculations for Irrigation System

Figure 1: Proposed Scheme to be designed

 Gross Command Area = GCA = 51.46 km2

 Non Culturable Command Area = 6.21 Km2
 Culturable Command Area = CCA = 45.25 Km2 =11176.75 acres

Calculation of Required discharge for Rabi Season:

Rabi Season
Volume of
Crop Cropping Delta of Cropped
Water QR
Crop Type Period Intensity Crops Area
Required
Days % inches Acres Acre-ft Cusecs
Wheat 150 40% 15 4470.7 5588.375
Gram 110 20% 12 2235.35 2235.35
Barley 150 10% 12 1117.675 1117.675
46.56655765
Fodder 100 15% 15 1676.513 2095.640625
Sugarcane 160 15% 40 1676.513 5588.375
Total = 16625.41563

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Calculation of Required discharge for Kharif Season:

Kharif Season
Volume of
Crop Cropping Delta of Cropped
Water Qk
Crop Type Period Intensity Crops Area
Required
Days % inches Acres Acre-ft Cusecs
Rice 160 45% 40 5029.538 16765.125
Cotton 180 25% 12 2794.188 2794.1875
Maize/Corn 125 15% 20 1676.513 2794.1875
81.39365
Sugarcane 200 15% 40 1676.513 5588.375
Fodder 110 10% 12 1117.675 1117.675
Total = 29059.55

Design Discharge = larger of QR and QK

Design Discharge, QD = QK = 81.394 ft3/sec

𝑄𝐷 × 1000 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
𝑊. 𝐴. = ( )
𝐶𝐶𝐴 1000 𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠
W.A = 7. 282 cusecs/1000 acres

𝑄𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 × 1000
𝐶𝐶𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠) =
𝑊. 𝐴
Outlet Command Area = 411.95 acres

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝐶𝐴
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 =
𝐶𝐶𝐴 𝑜𝑓 1 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡

Minimum number of outlets required =28

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Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design Discharges for Outlets:

Direction of RD of CCA Qoutlet Qs QT
S# Designation
Off take Outlets Acres Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
1 ML1-R1 Right 0+000 345 2.5124 0.7537 3.26616
2 ML1-R2 Right 3+445.05 300.8 2.1905 0.6572 2.847713
3 ML1-R3 Right 4+921.5 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
4 ML1-R4 Right 6+397.95 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
5 ML1-R5 Right 7+874.4 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
6 ML1-R6 Right 9+350.85 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
7 ML1-R7 Right 10+827.3 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
8 ML1-R8 Right 12+303.75 345.56 2.5165 0.755 3.271461
9 ML1-R9 Right 14+764.5 380.98 2.7745 0.8323 3.606787
10 ML1-R10 Right 17+225.25 356.9 2.5991 0.7797 3.378819
11 ML1-R11 Right 18+455.625 340.9 2.4826 0.7448 3.227344
12 MR1-L1 Left 0+000 378.08 2.7533 0.826 3.579332
13 MR1-L2 Left 7+874.4 380 2.7673 0.8302 3.597509
14 MR1-L3 Left 11+319.45 400.76 2.9185 0.8755 3.794047
15 MR1-L4 Left 14+272.35 333.36 2.4277 0.7283 3.155962
16 MR1-L5 Left 16+241 389.2 2.8343 0.8503 3.684607
17 MR1-L6 Left 19+686 333.6 2.4294 0.7288 3.158234
18 MR1-L7 Left 23+623.2 410.67 2.9907 0.8972 3.887866
19 ML2-R1 Right 0+000 411.44 2.9963 0.8989 3.895156
20 ML2-R2 Right 4+184 388 2.8256 0.8477 3.673246
21 ML2-R3 Right 8+121 397 2.8911 0.8673 3.75845
22 ML2-R4 Right 11+074 409.88 2.9849 0.8955 3.880387
23 ML2-R5 Right 13+042 300.24 2.1865 0.6559 2.842411
24 ML3-R1 Right 0+000 411.44 2.9963 0.8989 3.895156
25 ML3-R2 Right 4+430 407.9 2.9705 0.8911 3.861642
26 ML3-R3 Right 6+890.1 407.9 2.9705 0.8911 3.861642
27 ML3-R4 Right 9+351 380.8 2.7731 0.8319 3.605083
28 MR2-L1 Left 0+000 378.08 2.7533 0.826 3.579332
29 MR2-L2 Left 7+875 325.67 2.3717 0.7115 3.08316
30 MR2-L3 Left 10+336 300.9 2.1913 0.6574 2.848659
11119 80.974 24.292 105.2656

18
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Discharge/Capacity Statement for Minors:

Discharge Statement for Minor ML1

Length of
Canal RD/Designation of Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs QD for Reach
S# Canal Reach Reach Outlets/minor
ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
-
1 kj 1230.375 2.482573 0 2.482573 0.372386 2.854958588
ML1-R11/18+445.6
ML1-R9/14+764.5
2 ji 2460.75 5.081664 0 5.081664 0.76225 5.843913472
ML1-R10/17+225.25
ML1-R8/12+303.75
3 ih 2460.75 7.856115 0 7.856115 1.178417 9.034532782
ML1-R9/14+764.5
ML1-R7/10+827.3
4 hg 1476.45 10.37262 0 10.37262 1.555894 11.92851779
ML1-R8/12+303.75
ML1-R6/9+350.85
5 gf 1476.45 13.14576 0 13.14576 1.971865 15.11762964
ML1-R7/10+827.3
ML1-R5/7+874.4
6 fe 1476.45 15.91891 0 15.91891 2.387836 18.3067415
ML1-R6/9+350.85
ML1-R4/6+397.95
7 ed 1476.45 18.69205 0 18.69205 2.803807 21.49585335
ML1-R5/7+874.4
ML1-R3/4+921.5
8 dc 1476.45 21.46519 0 21.46519 3.219778 24.6849652
ML1-R4/6+397.95
ML1-R2/3+445.05
9 cb 1476.45 24.23833 0 24.23833 3.635749 27.87407705
ML1-R3/4+921.5
ML1-R1/0+000
10 ba 3445.05 26.42888 0 26.42888 3.964331 30.39320742
ML1-R2/3+445.05

19
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Discharge Statement for Minor ML2

Length of
Canal RD/Designation Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs QD for Reach
S# Canal Reach Reach of Outlets/minor
ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
-
1 PO 1968.6 2.18647 0 2.18647 0.327971 2.5144405
ML2-R5/13+042
ML2-R3/8+121
2 ON 2952.9 5.171383 0 5.171383 0.775707 5.94709062
ML2-R4/11+074
ML2-R2/4+184
3 NM 3937.2 8.062499 0 8.062499 1.209375 9.271873722
ML2-R3/8+121
ML2-R1/0+000
4 ML 4183.28 10.88807 0 10.88807 1.633211 12.52128391
ML2-R2/4+184

Discharge Statement for Minor ML3

Length of
Canal RD/Designation of Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs QD for Reach
S# Canal Reach Reach Outlets/minor
ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
-
1 TS 2460.75 2.773141 0 2.773141 0.415971 3.189111852
ML3-R4/9+351
ML3-R2/4+430
2 SR 2460.75 5.743635 0 5.743635 0.861545 6.605179931
ML3-R3/6+890
ML3-R1/0+000
3 RQ 4429.35 8.714129 0 8.714129 1.307119 10.02124801
ML3-R2/4+430

20
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Discharge Statement for Minor MR1

Length of
Canal RD/Designation of Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs QD for Reach
S# Canal Reach Reach Outlets/minor
ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
-
1 G'F' 3937.2 0 2.990666 2.990666 0.4486 3.439266188
MR1-L7/23+623.2
MR1-L5/16+241
2 F'E' 3445.05 0 5.420077 5.420077 0.813012 6.233088965
MR1-L6/19+686
MR1-L4/14+272.35
3 E'D' 1968.6 0 8.25439 8.25439 1.238159 9.492548873
MR1-L5/16+241
MR1-L3/11+319.45
4 D'C' 2952.9 0 10.68205 10.68205 1.602308 12.28436171
MR1-L4/14+272.35
MR1-L2/7+874.4
5 C'B' 3445.05 0 13.60055 13.60055 2.040083 15.64063394
MR1-L3/11+319.45
MR1-L1/0+000
6 B'A' 7874.4 0 16.36787 16.36787 2.45518 18.82304597
MR1-L2/7+874.4

Discharge Statement for Minor MR2

Length of
Canal RD/Designation Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs QD for Reach
S# Canal Reach Reach of Outlets/minor
ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs
-
1 J'I' 2460.75 0 2.19128 2.191276389 0.328691 2.519967847
MR2-L3/10+336
MR2-L1/0+000
2 I'H' 7874.4 0 4.56294 4.562938009 0.684441 5.247378711
MR2-L2/7+875

21
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Discharge/Capacity Statement for Main Distributary:

Discharge Statement for Main distributary Canal

Length
Qprevious QD for
S of Canal Qreach (Cusecs) QTotal Qs
Canal Reach RD/Designation of Outlets/minor Reach Reach
# Reach

ft Qright Qleft Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs Cusecs

- 13.0175 13.0175 1.95262 14.9701499
1 QH' 5167.575 0 0
ML3 & ML3-R1/21+654.6 2 2 8 7
ML2 & ML2-R1/11+565.525 8.00071 13.017521 21.0182 3.15273 24.1709679
2 H'L 4921.5 0
MR2 & MR2-L1/16+487.025 1 7 3 5 7
ML1,MR1,ML1-R1,MR1-L1/0+100 15.5175 36.5357 5.48036 42.0161592
3 LA' 1207.675 0 21.018233
ML2 & ML2-R1/11+565.525 6 9 9 2
A' to Main Main Canal/0+000 21.5763 32.9056 36.535790 91.0178 13.6526 104.670478
4 100
Canal ML1,MR1,ML1-R1,MR1-L1/0+100 8 4 6 1 7 2

22
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of Outlets:

Design of Outlets:

Design of Outlets
QDesign Width of Outlet Head Above Crest "H"
S# Designation RD
Cusecs ft ft
1 ML1-R1 0+000 3.26616 0.5 1.647884423
2 ML1-R2 3+445.05 2.84771 0.5 1.503947143
3 ML1-R3 4+921.5 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
4 ML1-R4 6+397.95 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
5 ML1-R5 7+874.4 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
6 ML1-R6 9+350.85 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
7 ML1-R7 10+827.3 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
8 ML1-R8 12+303.75 3.27146 0.5 1.649667159
9 ML1-R9 14+764.5 3.60679 0.5 1.760551783
10 ML1-R10 17+225.25 3.37882 0.5 1.685563237
11 ML1-R11 18+455.625 3.22734 0.5 1.634802724
12 MR1-L1 0+000 3.57933 0.5 1.751606258
13 MR1-L2 7+874.4 3.59751 0.5 1.75753136
14 MR1-L3 11+319.45 3.79405 0.5 1.82097338
15 MR1-L4 14+272.35 3.15596 0.5 1.610607351
16 MR1-L5 16+241 3.68461 0.5 1.785785283
17 MR1-L6 19+686 3.15823 0.5 1.611380288
18 MR1-L7 23+623.2 3.88787 0.5 1.850870374
19 ML2-R1 0+000 3.89516 0.5 1.853183221
20 ML2-R2 4+184 3.67325 0.5 1.782112715
21 ML2-R3 8+121 3.75845 0.5 1.809565703
22 ML2-R4 11+074 3.88039 0.5 1.848495951
23 ML2-R5 13+042 2.84241 0.5 1.502079963
24 ML3-R1 0+000 3.89516 0.5 1.853183221
25 ML3-R2 4+430 3.86164 0.5 1.84253815
26 ML3-R3 6+890.1 3.86164 0.5 1.84253815
27 ML3-R4 9+351 3.60508 0.5 1.759997206
28 MR2-L1 0+000 3.57933 0.5 1.751606258
29 MR2-L2 7+875 3.08316 0.5 1.585741972
30 MR2-L3 10+336 2.84866 0.5 1.504280447

23
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of outlet ML1-R1:

Discharge of outlet = QT = 3.266 cusecs

Coefficient of Discharge = Cd = 3.088

Width of the outlet = w = 0.5 ft

As Qoutlet = Cd x w x H3/2

3.266 = 3.088 x 0.5 x H3/2

H = 1.65 ft

Design of Main Distributory in Reaches:

Design of Canal Reach “Main to A”:

Q = 104.67 cusecs

f = 1.76 (d50)1/2 = 1.76(0.22)1/2 = 0.826

P = 2.67 (Q)1/2 = 2.67 (104.67)1/2 = 27.32 ft

S = 0.0005423 x f5/3 / Q1/6 = 0.000181

R = 2.0315 ft

A=RxP = 2.0315 x 27.32 = 55.5 ft2

For a side slope of 1 vertical to 1.5 horizontal,

55.5 = BD + 1.5 D2

Also 27.32 = B + 3.606 D

Solving above two equations for D, we get

D = 2.522 ft

B=18.224 ft

B/D = 7 (to be used for design of remaining reaches)

24
 Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of Main distributary in reaches:

Design of Main distributary Canal

Width
QD of Reach Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Velocity
S# Canal Reach f (B)
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 Main to A' 104.67 27.31633 0.825513 0.000181 2.031542 55.49428 2.521689095 18.22426 1.88614
2 A'L 42.016 17.30687 0.825513 0.000211 1.503181 26.01537 1.980262856 10.16694 1.615045
3 LH' 24.17 13.12652 0.825513 0.000232 1.252466 16.44051 1.73571872 6.868299 1.470149
4 H'Q 14.97 10.33052 0.825513 0.000251 1.06932 11.04663 1.574768361 4.652613 1.355164

Design of Minors in Reaches:

Design of Minor ML1

QD of Reach Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Width (B) Velocity
S# Canal Reach f
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 ab 30.393 14.71967 0.825513 0.000223 1.350827 19.88373 1.83 8.12 1.528536
2 bc 27.87 14.09548 0.825513 0.000226 1.312743 18.50374 1.79 7.63 1.506182
3 cd 24.685 13.26563 0.825513 0.000231 1.26121 16.73074 1.74 6.98 1.475427
4 de 21.5 12.38028 0.825513 0.000236 1.205006 14.91831 1.69 6.28 1.441182
5 ef 18.31 11.42498 0.825513 0.000243 1.142804 13.05651 1.64 5.53 1.402366
6 fg 15.12 10.38215 0.825513 0.000251 1.072844 11.13842 1.58 4.69 1.357463
7 gh 11.93 9.222135 0.825513 0.000261 0.992147 9.14971 1.52 3.75 1.303866
8 hi 9.034 8.025116 0.825513 0.000273 0.905159 7.264007 1.48 2.69 1.243666
9 ij 5.844 6.454556 0.825513 0.000294 0.783969 5.060172 1.35 2.56 1.154902
10 jk 2.855 4.511431 0.825513 0.000331 0.61892 2.792215 1.10 2.30 1.022486

Design of Minor ML2

QD of
Canal Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Width (B) Velocity
S# Reach f
Reach
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 LM 12.521 9.447802 0.825513 0.000259 1.008104 9.524368 1.529372335 3.933573275 1.314628
2 MN 9.272 8.130139 0.825513 0.000272 0.91296 7.422492 1.480993094 2.79034439 1.249176
3 NO 5.95 6.51283 0.825513 0.000293 0.788633 5.136235 1.44878759 2.48785748 1.158436
4 OP 2.5144 4.233782 0.825513 0.000338 0.59351 2.512791 1.38574957 1.986774 1.00064

25
 Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of Minor ML3

QD of
Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Width (B) Velocity
S# Canal Reach Reach f
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 QR 10.021 8.452142 0.825513 0.000268 0.936667 7.916842 1.488936314 3.08370782 1.265783
2 RS 6.605 6.861952 0.825513 0.000288 0.816286 5.601318 1.432454566 2.56789878 1.179187
3 ST 3.189 4.768025 0.825513 0.000325 0.641934 3.060758 1.234565433 2.23453356 1.041899

Design of Minor MR1

QD of
Canal Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Width (B) Velocity
S# Reach f
Reach
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 A'B' 18.823 11.58392 0.825513 0.000242 1.153272 13.35942 1.645329446 5.651605963 1.408969
2 B'C' 15.641 10.5595 0.825513 0.000249 1.084905 11.45606 1.587284115 4.836471769 1.365303
3 C'D' 12.284 9.35796 0.825513 0.000259 1.001767 9.374494 1.52511066 3.859096845 1.310364
4 D'E' 9.5 8.229493 0.825513 0.000271 0.920308 7.57367 1.48302271 2.882380161 1.254346
5 E'F' 6.233 6.665916 0.825513 0.00029 0.800819 5.338194 1.48573659 1.869584743 1.167623
6 F'G' 3.44 4.952112 0.825513 0.000321 0.658186 3.259412 1.4487058 1.674960453 1.055405

Design of Minor MR2

QD of
Canal Pw Slope R Area "A" Depth (D) Width (B) Velocity
S# Reach f
Reach
Cusecs ft ft/ft ft Sq. ft ft ft ft/sec
1 H'I' 5.25 6.117739 0.825513 0.000299 0.756723 4.629435 1.48573659 1.869584743 1.134048
2 I'J' 2.52 4.238494 0.825513 0.000338 0.593946 2.517435 1.4487058 1.674960453 1.001019

26
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of Water Courses:

Design of Water Courses (Lined Rectangular)

Qdesign Depth Width Area Velocity
S# Designation RD
Cusecs ft ft Sq.ft ft/sec
1 ML1-R1 0+000 3.26616 1.19253 2.385059 2.844254 1.148336
2 ML1-R2 3+445.05 2.847713 1.132769 2.265537 2.56633 1.109644
3 ML1-R3 4+921.5 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
4 ML1-R4 6+397.95 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
5 ML1-R5 7+874.4 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
6 ML1-R6 9+350.85 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
7 ML1-R7 10+827.3 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
8 ML1-R8 12+303.75 3.271461 1.193255 2.38651 2.847716 1.148802
9 ML1-R9 14+764.5 3.606787 1.237728 2.475457 3.063943 1.177172
10 ML1-R10 17+225.25 3.378819 1.207792 2.415583 2.917521 1.158113
11 ML1-R11 18+455.625 3.227344 1.187195 2.374391 2.818865 1.144909
12 MR1-L1 0+000 3.579332 1.234187 2.468374 3.046435 1.174925
13 MR1-L2 7+874.4 3.597509 1.236534 2.473067 3.05803 1.176414
14 MR1-L3 11+319.45 3.794047 1.261446 2.522892 3.182492 1.192162
15 MR1-L4 14+272.35 3.155962 1.17728 2.354559 2.771974 1.138525
16 MR1-L5 16+241 3.684607 1.247676 2.495352 3.113391 1.183471
17 MR1-L6 19+686 3.158234 1.177597 2.355195 2.773471 1.13873
18 MR1-L7 23+623.2 3.887866 1.273054 2.546109 3.241334 1.199465
19 ML2-R1 0+000 3.895156 1.273949 2.547898 3.245891 1.200027
20 ML2-R2 4+184 3.673246 1.246232 2.492464 3.106189 1.182557
21 ML2-R3 8+121 3.75845 1.256995 2.51399 3.160072 1.189356
22 ML2-R4 11+074 3.880387 1.272135 2.544271 3.236657 1.198887
23 ML2-R5 13+042 2.842411 1.131977 2.263955 2.562746 1.109127
24 ML3-R1 0+000 3.895156 1.273949 2.547898 3.245891 1.200027
25 ML3-R2 4+430 3.861642 1.269827 2.539655 3.224923 1.197437
26 ML3-R3 6+890.1 3.861642 1.269827 2.539655 3.224923 1.197437
27 ML3-R4 9+351 3.605083 1.237509 2.475018 3.062857 1.177033
28 MR2-L1 0+000 3.579332 1.234187 2.468374 3.046435 1.174925
29 MR2-L2 7+875 3.08316 1.167021 2.334042 2.723876 1.131902
30 MR2-L3 10+336 2.848659 1.13291 2.26582 2.56697 1.109736

27
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Design of water course For ML1-R1:

B = 2D

n = 0.013

S = 1/5000

Applying Manning’s equation and putting B = 2D

1.049 (𝐵𝐷) 2/3 1

3.2662 = × (𝐵𝐷) × (𝐵+2𝐷) × (5000)1/2
0.013

We get, D = 1.193 ft

And so B = 2 x D = 2.385 ft

28
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Command Statement For Distributory Canal:

Command Statement for Main Distributory

Water Level in
BL of FSL of Water Level in
WC at Outlet Field
Reach/Section Reach Length RD/Designation of Outlet in Canal at Canal at WC at Outlet
Tail: H2 =H1- Level Remarks
of Canal Reach Section Section Head H1 = FSL-H
Slope*L
ft ft ft ft ft ft
- Gravity
QH'/Q 5167.575 145.3078 146.8826 145.0294168 144.0916486 139.5
ML3 & ML3-R1/21+654.6 Flow
ML2 & ML2-R1/11+565.525 Gravity
H'L/H' 4921.5 146.6046 148.3403 146.5886937 145.5488355 142
MR2 & MR2-L1/16+487.025 Flow
ML1,MR1,ML1-R1,MR1-
L1/0+100 Gravity
LA'/L 1207.675 147.7448 149.7251 147.8719168 147.5921155 144.5
Flow
ML2 & ML2-R1/11+565.525
Main Canal/0+000
A' to Main Non-
100 ML1,MR1,ML1-R1,MR1- 148 150.5217 148.8738156 148.8487213 150.5
Canal/A' Gravity
L1/0+100

Levels of Main Distributory

Qdesign D B L ∑L NSL BL FSL
S# Reach Slope
Cusecs ft ft ft ft ft ft ft
1 Main to A' 0.000181 104.67 2.521689 18.22426 100 100 150.5 148 150.5217
2 A'L 0.000211 42.016 1.980263 10.16694 1207.675 1307.675 144.5 147.7448 149.7251
3 LH' 0.000232 24.17 1.735719 6.868299 4921.5 6229.175 142 146.6046 148.3403
4 H'Q 0.000251 14.97 1.574768 4.652613 5167.575 11396.75 139.5 145.3078 146.8826

29
 Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

WARABANDI Schedule for Outlet ML3-R2

Area Unit Farmer's Farmer's Clock Time
Name Filling Drainage
Sr. of the Irrigation warabandi warabandi turn Start Time End Time Starting Ending
of time, tf time, td time, Tt
# farmer time, Tu turn time, Day Day
Farmer (hours) (hours)
(Acres) (hours/Acres) Tt (hours) (hours) (mints) (hours) (mints) (hours) (mints)
1 A 25 0 0 0.3834 9.58527701 9 35 9 0 18 35 Sunday Sunday
2 B 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 18 35 4 27 Sunday Monday
3 C 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 4 27 7 28 Monday Monday
4 D 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 7 28 17 20 Monday Monday
5 E 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 17 20 3 12 Monday Tuesday
6 F 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 3 12 6 13 Tuesday Tuesday
7 G 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 6 13 16 5 Tuesday Tuesday
8 H 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 16 5 1 57 Tuesday Wednesday
9 I 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 1 57 4 58 Wednesday Wednesday
10 J 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 4 58 14 50 Wednesday Wednesday
11 K 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 14 50 0 42 Wednesday Thursday
12 L 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 0 42 3 43 Thursday Thursday
13 M 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 3 43 13 35 Thursday Thursday
14 N 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 13 35 23 27 Thursday Thursday
15 O 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 23 27 2 28 Thursday Friday
16 P 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 2 28 12 20 Friday Friday
17 Q 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 12 20 22 12 Friday Friday
18 R 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 22 12 1 13 Friday Saturday
19 S 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 1 13 11 5 Saturday Saturday
20 T 25 0.29 0 0.3827 9.858731 9 52 11 5 20 57 Saturday Saturday
21 U 8.595 0.29 0.58 0.3841 3.01110676 3 1 20 57 23 58 Saturday Saturday
22 V 11.938 0.29 0 0.3827 4.85910733 4 52 23 58 4 50 Saturday Sunday
23 W 16.072 0.29 2.32 0.3880 4.20672021 4 12 4 50 9 0 Sunday Sunday
6.38 6.38

30
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Chapter #4: Drawings

Longitudinal Profile of Main Distributory

152

150

148
Elevation (ft)

146

144

142

140

138
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Cumulative Length (ft)

31
Design of Irrigation System of a Scheme

Locations of Canal Falls

152

150

148
Elevation (ft)

146
NSL

BL
144
Origion
al BL
142

140

138
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Cumulative Length (ft)

32