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Spring_Core_Interview_Problems

The document discusses key concepts of Spring Core, focusing on Dependency Injection (DI) types, including Constructor, Setter, and Field Injection. It explains the roles of annotations like @Component, @Service, @Repository, and @Controller, as well as the differences between ApplicationContext and BeanFactory. Additionally, it covers the use of @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations, circular dependency handling, and best practices for managing dependencies in Spring applications.

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pbecic
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1 views

Spring_Core_Interview_Problems

The document discusses key concepts of Spring Core, focusing on Dependency Injection (DI) types, including Constructor, Setter, and Field Injection. It explains the roles of annotations like @Component, @Service, @Repository, and @Controller, as well as the differences between ApplicationContext and BeanFactory. Additionally, it covers the use of @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations, circular dependency handling, and best practices for managing dependencies in Spring applications.

Uploaded by

pbecic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring Core for Strong Senior Developers (Excluding Boot, Security, Data,

Cloud)

How does Spring's Dependency Injection (DI) work and what are the main
types?
 Spring DI allows objects to be injected into other objects, promoting loose coupling.
 Types of DI in Spring:
 Constructor Injection — recommended for mandatory dependencies.
 Setter Injection — useful for optional dependencies.
 Field Injection — not recommended for testability and immutability reasons.
 DI can be configured via XML, Java config (@Configuration + @Bean), or annotations
(@Component, @Autowired).

What is the difference between @Component, @Service, @Repository, and


@Controller in Spring?
 All are specializations of @Component and used for auto-detection via component
scanning.
 Differences lie in their semantic role and behaviors:
 @Component — generic stereotype for any Spring-managed bean.
 @Service — used for service layer beans; may be used by AOP for transactional
semantics.
 @Repository — used for DAO layer; enables exception translation (via
PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor).
 @Controller — used in web layer to mark controllers for Spring MVC.

How does Spring's ApplicationContext differ from BeanFactory?


 Both are Spring containers for managing beans, but ApplicationContext extends
BeanFactory.
 BeanFactory:
 Basic container with lazy initialization.
 Used in resource-constrained environments.
 ApplicationContext:
 Includes all features of BeanFactory.
 Adds support for internationalization, event propagation, annotation scanning, and AOP.
 Most applications use ApplicationContext (e.g., ClassPathXmlApplicationContext,
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext).

What is the role of @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations in Spring


beans?
 @PostConstruct:
 Marks a method to be called after the bean has been constructed and dependencies
injected.
 @PreDestroy:
 Marks a method to be called before the bean is destroyed (during context shutdown).
 Useful for initializing resources or cleaning up connections.
 Alternative: implement InitializingBean and DisposableBean interfaces (not
recommended due to tight coupling with Spring APIs).

How does Spring handle circular dependencies and what are the limitations?
 Spring can resolve circular dependencies for singleton beans using setter injection.
 Mechanism:
 Spring creates early references for beans during instantiation and wires them later.
 Limitations:
 Constructor-based injection with circular dependencies results in a
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException.
 Prototype-scoped circular dependencies are not supported at all.
 Best practices:
 Refactor design to eliminate tight circular dependencies.
 Use setter injection carefully if circular structure is unavoidable.

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