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FTTH_Intro

The document provides an overview of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) technology, detailing its evolution from Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) to Passive Optical Networks (PONs). It discusses the components, architecture, and installation methods of FTTH, emphasizing the advantages of fiber optics over traditional copper cables for high bandwidth and reliability. Additionally, it outlines the roles of various devices such as Optical Line Terminals (OLT) and Optical Network Units (ONU) in the FTTH infrastructure.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views23 pages

FTTH_Intro

The document provides an overview of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) technology, detailing its evolution from Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) to Passive Optical Networks (PONs). It discusses the components, architecture, and installation methods of FTTH, emphasizing the advantages of fiber optics over traditional copper cables for high bandwidth and reliability. Additionally, it outlines the roles of various devices such as Optical Line Terminals (OLT) and Optical Network Units (ONU) in the FTTH infrastructure.

Uploaded by

muhhxx51
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FTTH Introduction

From POTS to PONs


• What is meant by POTS?
- It is Plain Old telephone System
- First Telephone was invented in 1876.
- First telephone company was Bell telephone company established in 1878
- After two years photophone was invented.

Photophone is used for transmission


of sound over beam of light
From POTS to PONs
• Nowadays more than 90% of US long-distance traffic is carried over
optical fibers.
• Twisted copper wires are still widely used for short distance
connections between CO and Subscriber
FTTH
• What is FTTH?
- It is fiber to the home.
- Provides high BW from CO to residences.
- Network relatability.
- Ease of testing, measuring and monitoring.
- Uses principles of basic fiber networks.
- It uses PON networks.

Passive Optical networks


EXFO Contributions Testing equipment
does not affect
service
• EXFO was the first to test FTTH.
• The test was done as a pass through connection.
• Testing upstream and downstream simultaneously.
• Provides testing knowledge and tools.
• Smart and integrated solutions so that FTTH can be
deployed reliably and cost effectively.
EXFO Contributions
Introduction to FTTx
• Single mode fiber:
- Transmission medium for long haul networks.
- Fiber reduced equipment and maintenance
cost.
- Increase QoS.
- Emerge of Last mile Concept
(Old: Twister copper pair)
(New: Fiber cables)
It is the last part in
connecting the CO with
the subscriber
Introduction to FTTx
• To Provide high speed services like XDSL
nowadays we use:
- Copper cables.
- Hybrid Fiber Coaxial.
- Wireless transmission

In order to Comply with the increased BW


demands, longer reaches and High speeds
Copper and wireless had drawbacks like:
- Limited BW Fiber is the best solution to
overcome these drawback but
- Different media and equipment needs the only issue is high cost to
- A lot of maintenance connect CO to subscriber
ITU Recommendations
ITU Recommendations
Important Definitions
• Optical Line terminal (OLT): Device which serves service provider end
point in PON.
• Optical network unit (ONU): device transform optical light incoming
into electronics.
• Forward Error correction (FEC): Technique used to control errors.
• Distributed feedback laser (DFB): Help controlling Algorithm of repair.
• Avalanche Photodiode (APD): the control algorithm to repair.
• Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM): Access technique.
FTTH Architecture
• Notes:
- For Voice and Data:
Downstream: 1490nm.
Upstream: 1310nm.
- Analog RF video:
Downstream:1550nm.
- IPTV:
Downstream:1490nm.
FTTH Architecture
Passive Optical Distribution network (ODN)
• All gears and
components
between OLT and
ONT.
• Optical:
splices, connectors,
Splitters
• Non-Optical:
Cabinets, Patch
Panels and
Enclosures
Fiber
• Installation in new premises (Green Field Installation).
• Installation in existing active routes (Overlay/overbuild).
Fiber
• Fiber Cable installation methods:
- Direct Burial: Cable placed under ground with direct
contact to soil.

- Duct installation: Cable is placed in underground duct


– more expensive – easy for future maintenance.

- Aerial installation: cable is installed on poles and


towers above the ground – used in places with
excessive buildings.
Splitters
• What is a Splitter?
- It is a device for bi-directional optical branching.
- Add loss as they divide downstream power.
- Loss expressed by Splitting ratio or splitter loss.
- Passive element. Needs no power to
operate

- Note that 1 db loss is added to original splitting loss.


- Splitters add some amount of loss in upstream which is not like
expected.
Splitters

• One splitter or cascaded splitters can be used.


• ITU-T G.984 allows up to 32.
• ITU-T G.984.6 allows up to 64.
• Splitter is designed for mounting inside enclosure trays.
Connectors
• Simplex: Connector with one terminal end.

• Duplex: connector with two terminal end.

• Multifiber: connector with more than two fibers (up to 72)

• Note: mostly used is APC as the 8 degree slope reduces reflection by more than
60dB.
• Typical loss for APC is less than or equal to 0.5 db.
Splices
• Mechanical or spliced.
• Mechanical low cost – high loss.
• Splices higher cost – low loss (Typical 0.02
db.)
• Short length cables – Easy to repair – More
time to assemble – more cost.
• Long length cables – hard to repair – less cost
• Loss can also come from splicing two
different fiber types (G652D to G657)
Indoor Multidwelling unit (MDU)
• Indoor deployments
- Fiber cable: From Segment CO and FDH (Fiber distribution Hub).
- Riser cable: From FDH and FDT (Fiber distribution terminal) or FC
(Fiber collector).
- Fiber distribution hubs (FDH): Cabinets, Enclosures, Splitters and
patch panels.
- Fiber distribution terminal (FDT): Located at each floor and it is the
junction between FDH and drop cable (Connector or splice).
- Fiber collector (FC): Junction between FDH and a few FDTs
Indoor Multidwelling unit (MDU)
• It is the equipment deployed at customer side
Indoor Multidwelling unit (MDU)

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