STUDY GUIDE

ADDITONAL
MATHEMATICS

BY MR HUNTE
1
 Table of Contents
QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES WORKSHEET ..........................................................1

DISCRIMINANT WORKSHEET ...........................................................................3

SURDS WORKSHEET ........................................................................................5

INDICES WORKSHEET ......................................................................................8

DISGUISED QUADRATIC EQUATIONS WORKSHEET .........................................11

COMPLETING THE SQUARE WORKSHEET .......................................................13

POLYNOMIALS WORKSHEET..........................................................................19

LOGARITHMS WORKSHEET ............................................................................23

SEQUENCES/SERIES WORKSHEET ..................................................................28

VECTORS WORKSHEET ...................................................................................34

EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WORKSHEET ............................................................36

RADIAN MEASURE WORKSHEET ....................................................................41

TRIGONOMETRY WORKSHEET .......................................................................48

DIFFERENTIATION WORKSHEET .....................................................................53

INTEGRATION WORKSHEET ...........................................................................67

KINEMATICS WORKSHEET .............................................................................82

STATISTICS WORKSHEET ................................................................................92

PROBABILITY WORKSHEET ..........................................................................109

I
 QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES WORKSHEET
1. Solve each of the following inequalities.
(a) x 2 + 2x − 24 > 0 (g) x 2 + 9x − 70 < 0 (m) x 2 − 2x − 80 ≥ 0

(b) x 2 + 12x − 64 < 0 (h) x 2 + 11x − 80 ≥ 0 (n) x 2 − 11x − 80 ≤ 0

(c) x 2 + 2x − 80 ≤ 0 (i) x 2 + 8x − 48 > 0 (o) x 2 + 8x − 33 < 0

(d) x 2 + 4x − 21 ≥ 0 (j) x 2 + 3x − 4 < 0 (p) x 2 + 2x − 80 > 0

(e) x 2 + 4x − 5 ≤ 0 (k) x 2 + 3x − 18 < 0 (q) x 2 + 6x − 7 > 0

(f) x 2 + 11x − 60 ≤ 0 (l) x 2 + 5x − 6 > 0

2. Solve the following inequalities.

(a) 2 − 2 x − 12 x 2 > 0 (d) 16 − 12 x − 4 x 2 > 0

(b) 6 − 7 x − 5 x 2 ≥ 0 (e) 20 − 8 x − 9 x 2 < 0

(c) 12 − 8 x − 15 x 2 ≤ 0

3. Determine x ∈ ℝ for each of the following.

x + 10 x +6 x +3
(a) >0 (h) >0 (o) ≤2
x −7 x −4 x −3

x −3 3−x x +2
(b) >0 (i) <0 (p) −1≥0
x −6 x −2 x −5

x + 10 x +2 x +3
(c) <0 (j) <0 (q) +3≥1
x −4 x −4 x −5

x +1 x +1 x −1
(d) >0 (k) ≥1 (r) −2≥1
x +5 x −2 4−x

x −5 x +1 x +2
(e) >0 (l) ≥3 (s) −4≤0
x +8 x −3 x −3

x +9 1−x x +5
(f) <0 (m) ≥2 (t) +1≤0
x − 10 x −4 1−x

x +9 2−x 3x + 1
(g) >0 (n) ≤4 (u) ≥1
x +2 x +3 x +4
 2x − 3
(v) ≤1
x +1

ANSWERS
QUESTION 1
(a) {x < − 6} ∪ {x > 4} (g) −14 < 4 < 5 (m) {x ≤ − 8} ∪ {x ≥ 10}
(b) −16 ≤ x ≤ 4 (h) {x ≤ − 16} ∪ {x ≥ 5} (n) −5 ≤ x ≤ 16
(c) −10 < x < 8 (i) {x < − 12} ∪ {x > 4} (o) −11 < x < 3
(d) { ≤ − 7} ∪ {x ≥ 3} (j) −4 < x < 1 (p) {x < 10} ∪ {x > 8}
(e) −5 ≤ x ≤ 1 (k) −6 < x < 3 (q) {x < − 7} ∪ {x > 1}
(f) −15 ≤ x ≤ 4 (l) {x < − 6} ∪ {x > 1}

QUESTION 2

{ 5} { 3} { 9}
1 1 6 2 10
(a) − <x< (c) x ≤− ∪ x≥ (e) {x < − 2} ∪ x>
2 3
2
(b)−2 ≤ x ≤ (d)−4 < x < 1
5

QUESTION 3

{ 3}
(a) {x < − 10} ∪ {x > 7} (j) −2 < x < 4 7
(q) x≤ ∪ {x > 5}
(b) {x < 3} ∪ {x > 6} (k) x > 2
(c) −10 < x < 4 (l) 3 < x ≤ 5 11
(r) 4 < x ≤
(d) {x < − 5} ∪ {x > − 1} (m) 4 < x ≤ 7 2

{ 3 }
14
{ 3 }
(e) {x < − 8} ∪ {x > 5} 14 (s) {x < 3} ∪ x≥
(n) x ≤− ∪ {x > − 3}
(f) −9 < x < 10
(g) {x < − 9} ∪ {x > − 2} (o) {x < 3} ∪ {x ≥ 9} (t) −2 ≤ x < 1

{ 2}
(h) {x < − 6} ∪ {x > 4} (p) x > 5
3
(u) {x < − 4} ∪ x≥
(i) 2 < x < 3
 DISCRIMINANT WORKSHEET
1. If a quadratic equation has two distinct real roots, the value of the discriminant is
(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero

2. If a quadratic equation has no real roots, the value of the discriminant must be
(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero

3. For a quadratic equation to have a repeated root the value of the discriminant
must be
(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero

4. For a quadratic equation to have a repeated root the quadratic expression must be
(A) a perfect square (B) factorisable (C) unfactorisable

5. Calculate the discriminant of

(i) x 2 − 3x + 5 (ii) 3x 2 + 9x + 10
2
6. (i) Calculate the discriminant of 2x − 6x + 11.
(ii) State the number of real roots of the equation 2x 2 − 6x + 11 = 0.
7. (i) Calculate the discriminant of 5x 2 + 20x − 8.
(ii) State the number of real roots of the equation 5x 2 + 20x − 8 = 0.
8. Find the set of values of k for which the equation x 2 + (k − 2)x + (2k − 4) = 0 has
real roots.
9. The equation x 2 + k x + (k + 3) = 0, where k is a constant, has different real roots.

(a) Show that k 2 − 4k − 12 > 0.

(b) Find the possible values of k.

10. Find the set of values of p for which the equation px 2 + 4x + (5 − p) = 0 has 2
distinct real roots.
11. Find the possible values of k for which x 2 + (k − 3)x + (3 − 2k) = 0 has two
distinct real roots.
12. The equation (k + 3)x 2 + 6x + k = 5 has two distinct real roots. Determine the set

of possible values of k.
13. Given that the equation k x 2 + 12x + k = 0, where k is a positive constant, has equal
roots, find the value of k.
14. The equation x 2 + 3px + p = 0, where p is a non – zero constant, has equal roots.
Find the value of p.
15. (i) Find the discriminant of k x 2 − 4x + k in terms of k.
 (ii) The quadratic equation k x 2 − 4x + k = 0 has equal roots. Find the possible
values of k.
16. The quadratic equation k x 2 − 30x + 25k = 0 has equal roots. Find the possible
values of k.
17. The quadratic equation 2x 2 + ( p + 1)x + 8 = 0 has equal roots. Find the possible

values of p.
18. Find the set of values of k for which the equation 2x 2 + k x + 2 = 0 has no real roots.
19. Find the set of values of k for which the equation 2x 2 + 3x − k = 0 has no real roots.
20. The equation 2x 2 − 3x − (k + 1) = 0, where k is a constant, has no real roots. Find

the set of possible values of k.

21. The equation x 2 + k x + 8 = k has no real solutions for x.
(a) Show that k satisfies k 2 + 4k − 32 < 0.

(b) Find the set of possible values of k.

22. The quadratic equation k x 2 + (3k − 1)x − 4 = 0 has no real real roots. Find the

possible values of k.

ANSWERS
1. A 9. (a) 16. ± 3
(b) {k < − 2} ∪ {k > 6}
2. B 17. −9, 7
10. {p < 1} ∪ {p > 4}
3. C
18. −4 < k < 4
11. {k < − 3} ∪ {k > 1}
4. A
9
19. k < −
12. −4 < k < 6 8
5. (i) −11 (ii) −39

13. 6 17
6. (i) −52 (ii) zero 20. k < −
8
4
7. (i) 560 (ii) two 14.
9 21. (a) (b) −8 < k < 4
8. {k ≤ 2} ∪ {k ≥ 10}
15. (i) 16 − 4k 2 (ii) ± 2 1
22. −1 < k < −
9
 SURDS WORKSHEET
1. Simplify each of the following surds.
a) 27 d) 44 g) 80 j) 108
b) 63 e) 54 h) 96 k) 147
c) 32 f) 72 i) 112 l) 192

2. Simplify
(a) 98 − 50 (h) 75 − 27
(b) 48 + 3 (i) 32 − 18
(c) 75 + 48 (j) 5 8 + 4 50
(d) 48 + 27 (k) 3 52 + 2 117

(e) 500 + 125 (l) 4 18 + 98 − 2 8

(f) 24 + 6 (m) 180 − 3 125 + 45
(g) 8− 18
3. Express 18 − 2 in simplified surd form.
4. Express 300 − 48 in the form k 3 , where k is an integer.
5. Express each of the following in the form k 2 , where kis an integer.
(i) 200 (ii) 5 8−3 2

6. Simplify each of the following surds.

(h) (7 + 3 2 )(5 − 2 2 ) (n) (3 7 )

2
(a) 3 10 × 2
(b) 4 15 × 3
(i) (7 + 5 )(3 − 5) (o) (2 − 3)
2

(c) 6 2×5 3− 24
(d) ( 7 + 2)( 7 − 2) (j) (5 − 8 )(1 + 2)
(p) (2 − 3 5 )
2

(e) (4 + 3 )(4 − 3) (k) (4 5 − 1)( 5 + 3)

(q) (3 − 2 7 )
2

(l) (2 2 )
2
(f) (3 + 5 )(3 − 5)
(r) (5 − 3 2 )
2

(g) (8 + 5 )(2 − 5) (m) (3 3 )

2

(s) (3 2 − 1) + (3 + 2)
2 2

7. Simplify
81 12 20
(a) (b) (c)
3 2 5
 200 50 + 18 20
(d) (h) (m) 45 +
8 8 5

6
48 48 + 2 27 (n) 50 +
(e) (i) 3
2 27 12

15
15 + 40 6 (o) − 27
(f) (j) 5 8 + 3
5 2

12 63 14
75 − 27 (k) 54 + (p) +
3 7
(g) 6
3

30
(l) 80 +
5

8. Simplify
1 2 8+ 7
(a) (h) (o)
5+ 3 12 − 8 2+ 7
14 1 1
(b) (i) + 5+ 3
3− 2 5+ 2 5− 2 (p)
5− 3
5 2 1 4
(c) (j) + 5− 3
3− 2 5+ 7 5− 7 (q)
2+ 3
1 1
6 5 (k) +
(d) 4− 5 4+ 5 7+ 5
2+ 5 (r)
3+ 5
26 15 + 3
(e) (l)
3− 3 7+2 5
4− 3 (s)
7+ 5
12 1− 5
(f) (m)
3+ 5 3+ 5 5−2 3
(t)
3−1
26 32 + 18
(g) (n)
4+ 3 3+ 2 2(3 + 5)
(u)
3− 5
 ANSWERS

1. (a) 3 3 (b) 3 7 (c) 2 2 (d) 2 11 (e) 3 6 (f) 6 2 (g) 4 5

(h) 4 6 (i) 4 7 (j) 6 3 (k) 7 3 (l) 8 3

2. (a) 2 2 (b) 5 3 (c) 9 3 (d) 7 3 (e) 15 5 (f) 3 6 (g) − 2

(h) 2 3 (i) 2 (j) 30 2 (k) 12 13 (l) 15 2 (m) −6 5

3. 2 2

4. 6 3

5. (i) 10 2 (ii) 7 2

6. (a) 6 5 (b) 12 5 (c) 28 6 (d) 3 (e) 13 (f) 4 (g) 11 − 6 5

(h) 23 + 2 (i) 16 − 4 5 (j) 1 + 3 2 (k) 17 + 11 5 (l) 8 (m) 27

(n) 63 (o) 7 − 4 3 (p) 49 − 12 5 (q) 37 − 12 7 (r) 43 − 30 2 (s) 30

2
7. (a) 27 3 (b) 6 2 (c) 4 5 (d) 5 (e) (f) 3 5 + 2 2 (g) 2 (h) 4
3
(i) 5 (j) 13 2 (k) 5 6 (l) 10 5 (m) 7 5 (n) 2 3 + 5 2 (o) 2 3

(p) 3 7

5− 3 10 + 15 2
8. (a) (b) 6 + 2 2 (c) (d) 30 − 12 5 (e) 8 + 2 3
22 7
10 25 + 3 17 8
(f) 9 − 3 5 (g) 8 − 2 3 (h) 3+ 2 (i) (j) (k)
23 18 11
14 + 5 3
(l) 8 + 3 3 (m) 2 − 5 (n) −2 + 3 2 (o) −3 + 2 7 (p)
11
39 + 7 5 −1 + 3 3
(q) 13 − 7 3 (r) 4 − 5 (s) (t) (u) 7 + 3 5
44 2
 INDICES WORKSHEET

1. Express 125 5 in the form 5k.

2. Express 5 5 in the form 5n.

3. Express 240 × 430 in the form 2n.

4. Express each of the following in the form 4n:

1 (ii) 64 (iii) 8
(i)
16
5. Express each of the following in the form 7k:

(i)
4
7 1 (iii) 74 × 4910
(ii)
7 7
6. Express each of the following in the form 3n:
1 3
(ii) 3 (iii) 310 × 915
(i)
9
7. Solve the equations
(a) 3m = 81 1 1
(g) (y −2) = (k) (8p 6) 3 = 8
2

1 81
(b) x 3 = 2 (l) 5n × 5n+4 = 25
1 1
(h) t− 3 =
(c) 10 t = 1 2 1
(m) 2 × 2x =
(d) 3n = 1 1 8
(i) (25k 2) 2 = 15
8x 1
(e) 10 p = 0.1 (n) =
1
64
(j) ( 36p 4 2) = 24 8
(f) t −3 = 64

8. Solve the equation 163x−2 = 82 x.

9. Solve the equation 9 2 x−1 = 27x.
10. Solve 2x × 4x+1 = 8
11. Solve the equation (23−4x)(4x+4) = 2.
1
12. (i) Express as a power of 2.
32
1
(ii) Express (64) x as a power of 2.
1
(64)
x
1
(iii) Hence solve the equation = .
2x 32

13. Solve, for x and y, the simultaneous equations

125x = 25(5y)
7x ÷ 49 y = 1
14. Solve the following equations to find p and q.

8q−1 × 22p+1 = 47
9 p−4 × 3q = 81
15. Express 82 x+3 in the form 2 y, stating y in terms of x.

ANSWERS

7
1. 5 2

3
2. 5 2

3. 2100

3
4. (i) 4−2 (ii) 43 (iii) 4 2

1 −3
5. (i) 7 4 (ii) 7 2 (iii) 724

1
6. (i) 3−2 (ii) 3 3 (iii) 340

7. (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 0 (d) 0 (e) −1 (f) 64 (g) 3 (h) 8 (i) 3 (j) + − 2 (k) + − 2 (l) −1
7 3
(m) − (n) −
2 2

4
8.
3

9. 2

1
10.
3

11.5

−5 6 3
12.(i) 2 2 (ii) 2 x (iii) − , 4
2

4 2
13.x = ,y =
5 5

14.q = 2, p = 5
15.y = 6x + 9
 DISGUISED QUADRATIC EQUATIONS WORKSHEET
1. Solve the equations
(i) x 4 − 10x 2 + 9 = 0 (ii) x 4 + 36 = 13x 2

2. Find the real roots of the equations

(i) 2x 4 = x 2 + 1 (ii) 4x 4 + 3x 2 − 1 = 0

3. Solve the equations

(i) x 6 + 7x 3 = 8 (ii) 8x 6 + 7x 3 − 1 = 0

4. Solve the equations

(i) x = 2 x + 3 (iii) x + 3 = 4 x
(ii) x − 8 x + 12 = 0. (iv) 2x + 15 = 11 x

5. Solve the following equations.

1 1 1
(i) 2x − 7x 2 + 3 = 0 (iv) 3x 2 − 8x 4 + 4 = 0
2 1 2 1
(ii) x 3 + 3x 3 − 10 = 0 (v) 6x 3 + 5x 3 = 4
2 1
(iii) 3x 3 + x 3 − 2 = 0

6. Solve the equations 22 x − 5(2x) + 4 = 0

(i) 3(9 x) − 10(3x) + 3 = 0 (iv) 22 x + 1 = 2x+1

(ii) 4x − 12(2x) + 32 = 0 (v) 22 x + 128 = 3(2x+3)

(iii) 4x + 8 = 9(2x)

3 10
7. Find the real roots of the equation − 2 −8= 0
y 4 y
1
8. Solve the equation x − 6x 2 + 2 = 0, giving your answer in the form p ± q r , where
p, q and r are integers.
9. Solve the equation x − 8 x + 13 = 0, giving your answer in the form p ± q r,
where p, q and r are integers.
10. By using the substitution y = (x + 2)2, find the real roots of the equation
(x + 2)4 + 5(x + 2)2 − 6 = 0.
11. By using the substitution u = (3x − 2)2, find the roots of the equation
(3x − 2)4 − 5(3x − 2)2 + 4 = 0.
 ANSWERS

1. (i) x = ± 1, ± 3 (ii) x = ± 2, x = ± 3

1
2. (i) x = ± 1 (ii) x = ±
2

1
3. (i) x = − 2, 1 (ii) x = − 1,
2

25
4. (i) x = 9 (ii) x = 36 (iii) x = 1, 9 (iv) x = , 9
4

1 8 16 64 1
5. (i) x = , 9 (ii) x = − 125, 8 (iii) x = − 1, (iv) , 16 (v) x = − ,
4 27 81 27 8

6. (i) x = 0, 2 (ii) x = ± 1 (iii) x = 2, 3 (iv) x = 0, 3 (v) x = 0 (vi) x = 3, 4

1
7. y = ±
2

8. x = 16 + 6 7, 16 − 6 7

9. x = 19 + 8 3, 19 − 8 3

10. x = − 3, − 1

1 4
11. x = 0, , 1,
3 3
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE WORKSHEET

Express x 2 − 6x in the form (x + h) + k.

2
1.

Sketch the graph of y = x 2 − 6x, giving the coordinates of the minimum point and
the intersections with the axes.

2. (a) Express x 2 + 8x + 19 in the form (x + p) + q, where p and q are integers.

2

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation x 2 + 8x + 19 = 0 has no real

solutions.

(c) Sketch the graph of y = x 2 + 8x + 19, stating the coordinates of the minimum
point and the point where the graph crosses the y – axis.

3. (i) Express x 2 + 10x + 19 in the form (x + p) + q, where p and q are integers.

2

(ii) Write down the coordinates of the vertex (minimum point) of the curve with
equation y = x 2 + 10x + 9.

(iii) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the curve y = x 2 + 10x + 19.

4. (i) Write x 2 − 8x + 25 in the form (x + a)2 + b.

(ii) State the coordinates of the minimum point on the graph of y = x 2 − 8x + 25

and sketch this graph.

(iii) Solve the inequality x 2 − 8x + 25 > 18.

(i) Write x 2 − 7x + 6 in the form (x + p) + q.

2
5.

(ii) State the coordinates of the minimum point on the graph of y = x 2 − 7x + 6.

(iii) Find the coordinates of where the graph of y = x 2 − 7x + 6 crosses the axes and
sketch the graph.

6. Express 5x 2 + 15x + 12 in the form a(x + h) + k.

2

Hence state the minimum value of y on the curve y = 5x 2 + 15x + 12.

Express 3x 2 − 12x + 5 in the form a(x + p) + q. Hence state the minimum value of
2
7.

y on the curve y = 3x 2 − 12x + 5.

8. Given that f (x) = 2x 2 + 8x + 3

(a) find the value of the discriminant of f (x).

(b) Express f (x) in the form p(x + q) + r where p, q and r are integers to be found.
2

4x 2 + 8x + 3 ≡ a(x + b) + c
2
9.

(a) Find the values of the constants a, b and c.

(b) Sketch the curve with equation y = 4x 2 + 8x + 3, showing clearly the

coordinates of any points where the curve crosses the coordinate axes.

10. (i) Write 4x 2 − 24x + 27 in the form a(x + h) + k.

2

(ii) State the coordinates of the minimum point on the curve y = 4x 2 − 24x + 27.

(iii) Solve the equation 4x 2 − 24x + 27 = 0.

(iv) Sketch the graph of the curve y = 4x 2 − 24x + 27.

11. (i) Write x 2 − 5x + 8 in the form (x + p) + q and hence show that x 2 − 5x + 8 > 0
2

for all values of x.

(ii) Sketch the graph of y = x 2 − 5x + 8, showing the coordinates of the turning

point.

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which x 2 − 5x + 8 > 14.

12. (i) Determine the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0.

(ii) Given that f (x) = 3x 2 + 6x + 10, sketch the graph of the quadratic function,
clearly indicating the minimum value.

13. A curve has equation y = 9 − 8x − x 2.

(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry.

(b) Find the coordinates of its vertex.

(c) Sketch the curve, indicating the values of the intercepts on the x – axis and the y
– axis.
14. 4x − 5 − x 2 = q − (x + p) where p and q are integers.
2

(a) Find the value of p and the value of q.

(b) Calculate the discriminant of 4x − 5 − x 2.

(c) Sketch the curve y = 4x − 5 − x 2 showing clearly the coordinates of any points
where the curve crosses the coordinate axes.

15. x 2 + 2x + 3 = (x + a)2 + b

(a) Find the values of the constants a and b.

(b) Sketch the graph of y = x 2 + 2x + 3, indicating clearly the coordinates of any

intersections with the coordinate axes.

(c) Find the value of the discriminant of x 2 + 2x + 3. Explain how the sign of the
discriminant relates to your sketch in part (b).

The equation x 2 + k x + 3 = 0, where k is a constant, has no real roots.

(d) Find the set of possible values of k, giving your answer in surd form.
 ANSWERS

1. (x − 3)2 + 9,

2. (a) (x + 4)2 + 3 (c)

3. (i) (x + 5) − 6 (ii) (−5, − 6) (iii) x = − 5

2

4. (i) (x − 4)2 + 9 (ii) (4, 9) (iii) {x < 1} ∪ {x > 7}

 ( 2) (2 4 )
2
7 25 7 35
5. (i) x− − (ii) , (iii) (0, 6), (1, 0), (6, 0)
4

( 2)
2
3 3 3
6. 5 x + + , minimum value is
4 4

7. 3(x − 2)2 − 7, minimum value is −7

8. (a) 40 (b) 2(x + 2)2 − 5

9. (a) a = 4, b = 1, c = − 1 (b)

3 9
10. (i) 4(x − 3)2 − 9 (ii) (3, 9) (iii) x = , (iv)
2 2
 ( 2)
2
5 7
11. (i) x− + , since the coordinates of the minimum point are above the x – axis
4

x 2 − 5x + 8 > 0 for all values of x (ii) (iii) {x < − 1} ∪ {x > 6}

12. (i) No real roots (ii)

13. (a) x = − 4 (b) (−4, 25) (c)

14. (a) p = − 2, q = − 1 (b) −4 (c)

15. (a) a = 1, b = 2 (b) (c) −8. Curve does not cross the x – axis.

16. (d) − 12 < x < 12

 POLYNOMIALS WORKSHEET
1. Divide
(a) x 3 − 11x 2 + 38x − 40 by x − 2 (f) 9x 3 − 27x 2 + 23x − 5 by x − 1
(b) x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 by x + 1 (g) x 3 − 3x + 2 by x + 2
(c) x 3 − 2x 2 − 25x + 50 by x − 2 (h) 4x 3 + 20x 2 + 29x + 10 by x + 2
(d) 2x 3 + 11x 2 + 18x + 9 by x + 3 (i) 6x 3 + 13x 2 − 10x − 24 by x + 2
(e) 2x 3 − 5x 2 − 11x − 4 by x − 4 (j) 3x 3 − 10x 2 − 16x + 32 by x − 4

2. Divide
(a) 2x 3 − 11x 2 + 13x − 4 by 2x − 1 (c) 3x 3 + 20x 2 + 27x + 10 by 3x + 2
(b) 2x 3 − 11x 2 + 19x − 10 by 2x − 5 (d) 4x 3 + 16x 2 − 3x − 45 by 2x + 5

3. The polynomial f (x) is given by f (x) = 2x 3 + 9x 2 + 11x − 8.

(i) Find the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x + 2).
(ii) Use the factor theorem to show that (2x − 1) is a factor of f (x).
4. The polynomial f (x) is given by
f (x) = x 3 + a x + b
where a and b are constants. It is given that (x + 1) is a factor of f (x) and that the
remainder when f (x) is divided by (x − 3) is 16.
(i) Find the values of a and b.
(ii) Hence verify that f (2) = 0 and factorise f (x) completely.
5. The polynomial 2x 3 + a x 2 + bx − 10 is denoted by f (x). It is given that, when f (x) is
divided by (x − 2), the remainder is 12. It is also given that (x + 1) is a factor of f (x).
(i) Find the values of a and b.
(ii) Divided f (x) by (x + 2) to find the quotient and the remainder.
6. Two polynomials are defined by
f (x) = x 3 + (a − 3)x + 2b, g(x) = 3x 3 + x 2 + 5a x + 4b
where a and b are constants.
(i) Given that f (x) and g(x) have a common factor of (x − 2), determine the values
of a and b.
(ii) Using these values of a and b, factorise fully. Hence show that f (x) and g(x) have
two common factors.
7. Factorise each of the following
(a) f (x) = x 3 + 4x 2 + x − 6. (d) f (x) = 2x 3 − 7x 2 − 10x + 24
(b) f (x) = 2x 3 − 7x 2 − 5x + 4 (e) f (x) = 3x 3 − 5x 2 − 16x + 12
(c) f (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 39x + 20
8. Solve the following equations
(a) x 3 + x 2 − 10x + 8 = 0 (c) 3x 3 − 5x 2 − 58x + 40 = 0
(b) x 3 − 2x 2 − 4x + 8 = 0

9. For x 2 − 5x − 9 = 0 the sum of the roots is

(A) 5 (B) −5 1 1
(C) (D) −
5 5

10. What is the value of the sum of the roots of the equation 2x 2 − 8x + 3 = 0?
(A) −4 (B)4 (C) 8 (D) −8

11. What is the value of the product of the roots of the equation 3x 2 − 8x + 25 = 0?
3 3 25 25
(A) (B) − (C) (D) −
25 25 3 3

12. Find the sum and product of the roots of the following equations.
(a) 5 + x − x 2 = 0 (c) 3x 2 − 7 = 0
(b) x (x − 3) = 5(x − 2) 1
(d) 3x − =4
x
13. For each of the following equations, determine
(i) α + β (ii) αβ (iii) α 2 + β 2 (iv) α 3 + β 3

(a) x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0 (c) 2x 2 + 8x + 11 = 0 (e) 2x 2 + 6x − 3 = 0

(b) 6 + 12x − x 2 = 0 (d) 2x 2 + 4x + 5 = 0

NB: α 3 + β 3 = (α + β) − 3αβ(α + β)
3

14. If α and β are the roots of the equation 2x 2 − x − 4 = 0, find the values of
(a) α 2 + β 2 1 1 α β
(d) + (f) + 2
α β β 2 α
(b) (α − β)
2

1 1
(c) α 3 + β 3 + 2
(e)
α 2 β
2
15. If α and β are the roots of the equation x + x − 4 = 0 , find equations whose roots
are
(a) –α, − β (b) α 2, β 2 (c) α − 1, β − 1

16. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 4x + 7 = 0 are α and β.

Without solving the equation
(i) write down the values α + β and αβ.
 (ii) calculate
(a) α 2 + β 2
(b) α 3 + β 3
(iii) Find a quadratic equation whose roots are α 3 and β 3.
17. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0 are α and β.
2 2
Without solving the equation, find a quadratic equation with roots and .
α β

18. The equation 3x 2 − 6x − 5 = 0 has roots α and β. Determine the equation with roots
1 1
and .
α β

ANSWERS

1. (a) (x − 2)(x − 4)(x − 5) (b) (x − 1)(x + 1)2 (c) (x − 2)(x − 5)(x + 5)

(d) (x + 3)(2x + 3)(x + 1) (e) (x − 4)(2x + 1)(x + 1) (f) (x − 1)(3x − 1)(3x − 5)
(g) (x + 2)(x − 1)2 (h) (x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x + 5) (i) (x + 2)(3x − 4)(2x + 3)
(j) (x − 4)(3x − 4)(x + 2)

2. (a) (2x − 1)(x − 1)(x − 4) (b) (2x − 1)(x − 1)(x − 2) (c) (3x + 2)(x + 1)(x + 5)
(d) (2x + 5)(2x − 3)(x + 3)

3. (i) −10 (ii)

4. (i) a = − 3, b = − 2 (ii) (x + 1)2(x − 2)

5. (i) a = 5, b = − 7 (ii) Quotient 2x 2 + x − 9, Remainder 8

6. (i) a = − 4, b = 3 (ii) (x − 2)(x + 3)

7. (a) (x + 2)(x + 3)(x − 1) (b) (x + 1)(2x − 1)(x − 4) (c) (x + 4)(2x − 1)(x − 5)

(d) (x + 2)(2x − 3)(x − 4) (e) (x + 2)(3x − 2)(x − 3)

2
8. (a) x = − 4, 1, 2 (b) x = − 2, 2 (c) x = − 4, , 5
3
9. A

10.B

11.C
7
12.(a) α + β = 1, αβ = − 5 (b) α + β = 8, αβ = 10 (c) α + β = 0, αβ = −
3
(d) α + β = 8, αβ = 10

13.(a) α + β = − 4, αβ = 1 , α 2 + β 2 = 14 , α 3 + β 3 = − 52
(b) α + β = 12 , αβ = − 6 , α 2 + β 2 = 156 , α 3 + β 3 = 1944
 11
(c) α + β = − 4 , αβ = , α2 + β2 = 5 , α3 + β3 = 2
2
3 81
(d) α + β = − 3 , αβ = − , α 2 + β 2 = 12 , α 3 + β 3 = −
2 2
33 25 1 17 25
14.(a) −2 (b) (c) (d) − (e) (f)
4 8 4 16 32
15.(a) x 2 − x − 4 = 0 (b) x 2 − 9x + 16 = 0 (c) x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0

7 343
16.(i) α + β = − 2, αβ = (ii) (a) −3 (b) 13 (iii) x 2 − 13x + =0
2 8
8 8
17.x 2 + x+ =0
3 3
6 3
18.x 2 + x− =0
5 5
 LOGARITHMS WORKSHEET
1. Write the following in logarithmic form.
(a) 34 = 81 2
−2 1
(d) 4 = 8 3 (g) 32 5 =
1 3 4
(b) 343 3 = 7 (e) 64 = 16 2 3
1 (h) 5 = 125
(c) 5−4 = 1 1
625 (f) 81− 4 =
3
2. Find x or y as indicated below
(a) log5125 = y (d) log 41 = y 1
(g) log9x =
(e) log3x = − 3
2
(b) log3x = 5
(c) log2(−8) = y (f) log9x = 0

3. Given that a > 0, state the values of

(b) loga(a 3)
6
(a) loga1 (c) loga a
4. Simplify
(a) log10x 5 + 3log10x 4 (c) 10 − 3logaa

(b) loga1 − logaa b log10a 5 + log10 a

(d)
log10a
5. Express as a single logarithm
(a) loga2 + loga3 (d) 2loga3 + loga11

(b) 2log10x − 3log10y (e) log10(x 2 − 10) − log10x

(c) 2log10x − 2log10y

6. Express logax 3 + loga x in the form k logax.

7. Given that logax = p and logay = q, express the following in terms of p and q.
(a) loga(x y)
( y )
a2 x3
(b) loga

8. Given that log3x = a, find in terms of a,

(a) log3(9x)
( 81 )
x5
(b) log3

9. Given that logpX = 9 and logpY = 6, find

(X)
(i) logp X 1 (iii) logp(X Y )
(ii) logp
10. Given that log8p = x and log8q = y, express in terms of x and/or y

(8)
(i) log8 p + log8q 2 q
(ii) log8
11. Given that u = log 4x, find, in its simplest form in terms of u,

( x )
(i) x, 16
(ii) log 4

12. Solve the equation 4 lg(x + 2) = lg 81.

13. Solve the equation 2log2(x − 1) = 4log23.

1
14. You are given that logax = loga16 + loga75 − 2loga5
2

Find the value of x.

15. Solve the equation 3logax = loga8.

16. Solve the equation log2x + 2log23 = log2(x + 5)

17. Solve the following equations

(a) log3(4x + 7) − log3x = 2 (c) log2(x + 1) − log2x = log27

(b) 1 + 2log3x = log3(28x − 9)

18. Solve the following equations

(a) 2log3x − log37x = 1 (d) 2log3x − log3(x − 2) = 2

(b) log5(4 − x) − 2log5x = 1 (e) log2(11 − 6x) = 2log2(x − 1) + 3

(c) 2log3(x − 5) − log3(2x − 13) = 1

19. Solve correct to 2 decimal places the following equations

(a) 2x = 5 (c) 3x+2 = 12 (e) 3x+1 = 22 x−5

(b) 5x = 15 (d) 2x−3 = 7

lg a
20.Solve the equation 24x−1 = 35−2 x, giving your answer in the form .
lg b

21. Solve the equation 7 w−3 − 4 = 180, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

22.Solve the following equations, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
(i) 5x−1 = 120 (ii) 7x = 2x+1 (iii) 53w−1 = 4250
1 5
23.Solve the equation 2x
= ,
4
correct to three significant figures.
 5
24.The line y = crosses the curve y = 24x−3 at the point P. Show that the x –
4
1
coordinate of P is .
4log102

25. (i) Use logarithms to reduce the equation y = 2x 3 to linear form.

(ii) Graph this linear relation.

26.The table shows values of the variables p and v which are related by the equation

p = k v n, where k and n are constants.

v 10 50 110 230

p 1412 151 53 19

(i) Using graph paper, plot lg p against lg v and draw the straight line graph.

Use your graph to estimate

(ii) the value of n,

(iii) the value of p when v = 170.

27.The table shows experimental values of variables s and t.

t 5 15 30 70 100

s 1305 349 152 55 36

(i) By plotting a suitable straight line graph, show that s and t are related by the
equation s = k t n, where k and n are constants.

(ii) Use your graph to find the value of k and n.

(iii) Estimate the value of s when t = 50.

28.The table shows experimental values of the variables x and y which are related by the
equation y = A b x, where A and b are constants.
 x 2 4 6 8 10

y 9.8 19.4 37.4 74.0 144.4

(i) Use the data above in order to draw, on graph paper, the straight line of lgy
against x, using 1 cm for 1 unit of x and 10 cm for 1 unit of lgy.

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the value of A and of b.

(iii) On the same diagram, draw the straight line representing y = 2x and hence find
the value of x for which A b x = 2x.

ANSWERS

( 625 )
1 1 2
1. (a) log381 (b) log3437 = (c) log5 = − 4 (d) log84 =
3 3
3 1 3 1 2 1
(e) log1664 = (f) log81 = − (g) log32 = − (h) log1255 =
2 3 4 4 5 3
1
2. (a) y = 3 (b) x = 243 (c) undefined (d) y = 0 (e) x = (f) x = 1
27
(g) x = 3

1
3. (a) 0 (b) 16 (c)
2
11
4. (a) 17log10x (b) −b (c) 7 (d)
2

( y3 ) ( y2 ) ( x )
x2 x2 x 2 − 10
5. (a) loga6 (b) log10 (c) log10 (d) loga99 (e) log10

7
6. log x
2 a

7. (a) p + q (b) 2 + 3p − q

8. (a) 2 + a (b) 5a − 4

9
9. (i) (ii) −9 (iii) 15
2
x
10. (i) + 2y (ii) y − 1
2
11. (i) x = 4u (ii) 2 − u

12. x = 1

13. x = 10

14. x = 12

15. x = 2

5
16. x =
8
17 1 1
17. (a) x = (b) x = ,9 (c) x =
5 3 6
17 4 3
18. (a) x = (b) x = (c) x = 8 (d) x = 3, 6 (e) x =
5 5 2

19. (a) x = 2.32 (b) x = 1.68 (c) x = 0.26 (d) x = 5.81 (e) 15.87

lg486
20.x =
lg144

21. w = 5.68

22.(i) x = 3.97 (ii) x = 0.553 (iii) w = 72.1

23. x = − 0.322

24.

25. lgy = 3lgx + lg2

26.(i) (ii) n ≈ − 1.39 (iii) p = 28.18

27.(i) (ii) k = 8 912.51, n = − 1.2 (iii) s ≈ 85.11

28.(i) (ii) A ≈ 4.898, b = 1.41 (iii) x ≈ 4.55

 SEQUENCES/SERIES WORKSHEET
1. Write down the first 5 terms of the following sequences:
(a) un = n + 3 n +1 (j) un = (−1)n
(f) un =
n
(b) un = 5 − n (k) un = (−1)n+1
n +1
(g) un =
(c) un = 4n − 1 n2 1
(l) un = (−1)n
n
(d) un = 2 − 5n 1
(h) un =

(n + 1)
2n n
2
(m) un = (−1)n
(e) un = n − 3n
n
(i) un =
3n
2. State the first 5 terms
n n n n
2r 2 (2r 2 + 5) r3
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
(a) (3r − 2) (b) (c) (d)
r =1 r=1 r=1 r=1

3. Evaluate each of the following.

7 5 5 5
1 k 1
∑
(7 − r)
∑1+k ∑ ∑r −1
(a) (d) (g) 2 (j)
r =1 k=1 k=2 r=2

5 5 8 5
r
(20 − r 2 ) k3 (2r 2 + 5)
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑r −1
(b) (e) (h) (k)
r =1 k=2 r=4 r=2

3 8 6
12
∑
k (k + 1) (k 2 − 1)
∑ ∑ r
(c) (f) (i)
k=1 k=3 r=3

4. Find the common difference of each of the following arithmetic progressions.

(a) 4, 8, 12, 16, … 1 3 5 7
(d) , , , , …
2 2 2 2
(b) 10, 7, 4, 1, − 2, …
(e) 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, …
(c) 2x, 7x, 12x, 17x, …

5. Determine which of the following progressions are arithmetic progressions.

(a) 3, 8, 13, 18, … (c) x, x 2, x 3, x 4, …

1 3 5 3 (d) 11, 9, 7, 5, …
(b) , , 1, , , …
2 4 4 2

6. If the first terms of a sequence are 1.5, 4.5 and 7.5, determine the value of the 12th
term.
7. The first term of an arithmetic series is 1. The common difference of the series is 6.
Determine the tenth term of the series.

8. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 30 and the common difference is −1.5.

(a) Find the value of the 25th term.

The rth term of the sequence is 0.

(b) Find the value of r.

9. The first term of an arithmetic series is a and the common difference is d.

1
The 18th term of the series is 25 and the 21st term of the series is 32 .
2

(a) Use this information to write down two equations for a and d.

(b) Show that a = − 17.5 and find the value of d.

10. An arithmetic series has first term a and common difference d. The sum of the first
29 terms is 1102.

(a) Show that a + 14d = 38.

(b) The sum of the second term and the seventh term is 13.

Find the value of a and d.

11. The arithmetic series

51 + 58 + 65 + 72 + … + 1444

has 200 terms.

(a) Write down the common difference of the series.

(b) Find the 101st term of the series.

(c) Find the sum of the last 100 terms of the series.

12. An arithmetic sequence has first term a and common difference d. The sum of the
first 10 terms of the sequence is 162.

(a) Show that 10a + 45d = 162

 Given also that the sixth term of the sequence is 17,

(b) write down a second equation in a and d,

(c) find the value of a and the value of d.

13. The arithmetic series

23 + 32 + 41 + 50 + … + 2534

has 280 terms.

(a) Write down the common difference of the series.

(b) Find the 100th term of the series.

(c) Find the sum of the 280 terms of the series.

14. Sue is training for a marathon. Her training includes a run every Saturday starting
with a run of 5 km on the first Saturday. Each Saturday she increases the length of
her run from the previous Saturday by 2 km.

(a) Show that on the 4th Saturday of training she runs 11 km.

(b) Find an expression, in terms of n, for the length of her training run on the nth
Saturday.

(c) Show that the total distance she runs on Saturdays in n weeks of training is
n(n + 4) km.

On the n th Saturday Sue runs 43 km.

(d) Find the value of n.

(e) Find the total distance, in km, Sue runs on Saturdays in n weeks of training.

15. A 40 – year building programme for new houses began in Oldtown in the year 1951
(Year 1) and finished in 1990 (Year 40).

The numbers of houses built each year form an arithmetic sequence with first term a
and common difference d.

Given that 2400 new houses were built in 1960 and 600 new houses were built in
1990, find

(a) the value of d,

(b) the value of a,

(c) the total number of houses built in Oldtown over the 40 – year period.
16. Jill gave money to a charity over a 20 – year period, from Year 1 to Year 20 inclusive.

She gave $150 in Year 1, $160 in Year 2, $170 in Year 3, and so on, so that the
amounts of money she gave each year formed an arithmetic sequence.

(a) Find the amount of money she gave in Year 10.

(b) Calculate the total amount of money she gave over the 20 – year period.

Kevin also gave money to the charity over the same 20 – year period.

He gave $A in Year 1 and the amounts of money he gave each year increased, forming
an arithmetic sequence with common difference $30.

The total amount of money that Kevin gave over the 20 – year period was twice the
total amount of money that Jill gave.

(c) Calculate the value of A.

17. A geometric progression has a first term of 12 and a fifth term of 18. Find the 13th
term of the progression.

18. A geometric progression, for which the common ratio is positive, has a second term of
18 and a fourth term of 8. Find the first term and the common ratio of the
progression.

19. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the progression 81, 54, 36, … ,

20. The third term of a geometric progression is 18 and the sixth term is −486. Calculate

(i) the common ratio,

(ii) the first term,

(iii) the sum of the first ten terms.

21. Each year a company gives a grant to a charity. The amount given each year increases
by 5% of its value in the preceding year. The grant in 2001 was $5000. Find

(i) the grant given in 2011,

(ii) the total amount of money given to the charity during the years 2001 to 2011
inclusive.

22.Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression whose first term is 6 and whose
second term is 4.
23.Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progression with first three terms 0.5, 0.53
and 0.55.

24.The third term of a geometric progression is −108 and the sixth term is 32. Find

(i) the common ratio,

(ii) the first term,

(iii) the sum to infinity.

8
25.The first term of a geometric series is 54 and the common ratio of the series is .
9

(a) Find the sum to infinity of the series.

(b) Find the second term of the series.

2p
(c) Show that the 12th term of the series can be written in the form , where p and q
3q
are integers.

26.A precious metal is extracted from a mine. In the first year of operation, 2000 kg of
metal was extracted. In each succeeding year, the amount extracted was 90% of the
previous year’s amount. Find

(i) the amount of metal extracted in the 10th year of operation,

(ii) the total amount of metal extracted in the first 20 years of operation,

(iii) the total amount of metal that would be extracted over a very long period of time.

ANSWERS

1. (a) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (b) 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 (c) 3, 7, 11, 15, 19

3 4 5 6
(d) −3, − 8, − 13, − 18, − 23 (e) −2, − 2, 0, 4, 10 (f) 2, , , ,
2 3 4 5
3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5
(g) 2, , , , (h) , , , , (i) , , , ,
4 9 16 25 2 4 8 16 32 3 9 27 81 243
1 1 1 1
(j) −1, 1, − 1, 1, − 1 (k) 1, −1, 1, − 1, 1 (l) 1 − , , − , , −
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
(m) − , , − , , −
2 3 4 5 6
2. (a) 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 (b) 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 50
(c) 23 + 37 + 55 + 77 + 103 (d) 8 + 27 + 64 + 125 + 216
29 57
3. (a) 21 (b) 45 (c) 20 (d) (e) 224 (f) 193 (g) 60 (h) 405 (i)
20 5
25 73
(j) (k)
12 12
4. (a) 4 (b) −3 (c) 5x (d) 1 (e) −0.5

5. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) No (d) Yes

6. 34.5
7. 55

8. (a) −6 (b) r = 21

9. (a) a + 17d = 25, a + 20d = 32.5 (b) d = 2.5

10. (a) (b) a = − 4, d = 3

11. (a) 17 (b) 1741 (c) 258 250

12. (a) (b) a + 5d = 17 (c) a = 9, d = 1.6

13. (a) 9 (914) (c) 357 980

14. (a) (b) 2n + 3 (c) (d) 20 (e) 480 km

15. (a) −60 (b) 2 940 (c) 70 800

16. (a) $240 (b) $4 900 (c) $205

81
17.
2
2
18. a = 27, r =
3
19. 238.786
20. (i) r = − 3 (ii) a = 2 (iii) −29 524

21. (i) $8 144.47 (ii) $71 033.94

22. 18
2
23.
3
3 729
24. (i) r = − (ii) −243 (iii) −
2 5
25. (a) 486 (b) 48 (c)
26. (i) 774.84 (ii) 17 568.47 (iii) 20 000
 VECTORS WORKSHEET

1. The points A, B and C have coordinates (5, 1), (2, 3) and (−3, 4) respectively and O
is the origin. Find, in terms of i and j the vectors

(a) OA (b) AB (c) BC (d) CA

2. Given that p = i − 4j and q = 2i − 5j, find expressions in terms of i and j for

(a) 3p (b) p − q (c) 3p + 2q

3. Find a unit vector in the direction of

(a) 4i + 3j (b) 7i − 24j (c) i−j (d) 2i + 5j

4. Given that OP = i + 3j and that OQ = 2i + j , find the unit vector in the direction

PQ.

5. Relative to an origin O , the position vector of the point P is i − 4j and the position
vector of the point Q is 3i + 7j. Find

(a) PQ ,

(b) the unit vector in the direction PQ,

(c) the position vector of M, the mid – point of PQ.

6. Given that a = i + 2j and b = 3i + j, determine

(a) a .b (b) b.a (c) a .a (d) b.b

7. Given that v = 4i − j and w = 3i + 3j, evaluate

(a) v.w (b) w.v (c) v.v (d) w.w

8. Given that p = i − 2j and q = − 5i − 2j, determine

(a) p.q (b) q.p (c) p.p (d) q.q

9. Show that the vectors (4i − j) and (2i + 8j) are perpendicular.
10. Find in each case the value of the constant c for which the vectors u and v are
perpendicular.

(−1) (−5)
,v =( ) ,v =( )
3 c 2 c
(a) u = (c) u =
3 −4

(1)
, v = ( 3)
2
(b) u =
c

11. Find, in degrees to 1 decimal place, the angle between the vectors
(a) a = 6i + 9j and b = − 2i + 4j (d) m = 5i + 4j and b = i + 4j

(b) p = 5i − 2j and q = − 6i − 9j (e) r = 6i + 6j and s = − 2i − 8j

(c) v = 5i + 7j and w = 9i − 5j

ANSWERS

1. (a) 5i + j (b) −3i + 2j (c) −5i + j (d) 8i − 3j

2. (a) 3i − 12j (b) −i + j (c) 7i − 22j (d) −6j

1 1 1 1
3. (a) (4i + 3j) (b) (7i − 24j) (c) (i − j) (d) (2i + 5j)
5 25 2 29

1
4. (i − 2j)
5

1 3
5. (a) 5 5 (b) (2i + 11j) (c) 2i + j
5 5 2

6. (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 10

7. (a) 9 (b) 9 (c) 17 (d) 18

8. (a) −1 (b) −1 (c) 5 (d) 29

9.

10. (a) c = 1 (b) c = − 6 (c) c = − 10

11. (a) 60.3° (b) 101.9° (c) 83.5° (d) 37.3° (e) 149.0°
 EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WORKSHEET
1. Find the equations of the circles with the following radii and centres
(a) Centre (0, 0), radius =8 (d) Centre (0, 0), radius = 10 + 7
(b) Centre (0, 0), radius = 9 (e) Centre (1, 3), radius = 3
7 (f) Centre (1, − 3), radius = 5
(c) Centre (0, 0), radius =
9

2. The circle with centre C(5, 8) touches the y – axis, as shown in the
diagram. Express the equation of the circle in the form

(x − h) + (y − k) = r .
2 2 2

3. Find the equation of the circle with radius 10 and centre (2, 1), giving your answer in
the form x 2 + y 2 + a x + b y + c = 0.
4. Find the centre and radius of the circle with equation

(d) (x − 2)2 + (y + 1) = 25
2
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 81
(b) x 2 + y 2 = 49 (e) x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 10y + 13 = 0
1
(c) x 2 + y 2 = (f) x 2 + y 2 + 6y + 2 = 0
64
5. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 12y + 15 = 0.
Find the coordinates of C and the radius of the circle.
6. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 + 14x − 10y + 49 = 0. Find the
coordinates of C and the radius of the circle.
7. A circle with centre (3, 5) has equation x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 10y − 30 = 0. Find the radius
of the circle.
8. The circle S has centre C(8, 13) and touches the x – axis, as shown in the diagram.
(a) Write down an equation for S, giving your answer in the form

(x − a)2 + (y − b) = r 2
2

(b) The point P with coordinates (3, 1) lies on the circle. Find the
equation of the tangent to the circle S at the point P.

9. A circle with centre C has equation (x − 5) + (y + 12) = 169

2 2

(a) Write down:

(i) the coordinates of C,
(ii) the radius of the circle.
(b) The point (−7, − 7) lies on the circle. Determine the equation of the tangent at
the point A.
10. A circle has centre C(−3, 1) and radius 13 .
(a) Find the equation of the circle in the form x 2 + y 2 + m x + n y + p = 0.
(b) The circle cuts the y – axis at the points A and B. Find the distance A B.
(c) (i) Verify that the point D(−5, − 2) lies on the circle.

(ii) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point D.
11. (i) The line joining the points A(4, 5) and B( p, q) has mid-point M( − 1, 3). Find p
and q.
A B is the diameter of a circle.
(ii) Find the radius of the circle.
(iii) Find the equation of the circle, giving your answer in the form
x 2 + y 2 + a x + b y + c = 0.
(iv) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (4, 5).
12. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 12y + 12 = 0.
(a) Determine
(i) the coordinates of C,
(ii) the radius of the circle.
(b) The line x + y = 4 intersects the circle at the points P and Q. Determine the
midpoint of PQ.
13. A circle has equation x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 4y − 4 = 0.
(i) Find the centre and radius of the circle.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the points where the circle meets the line with equation
y = 3x + 4.
14. A circle has equation x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 4y − 8 = 0.
(i) Find the centre and radius of the circle.
(ii) The circle passes through the point (−3, k), where k < 0. Find the value of k.
(iii) Find the coordinates of the points where the circle meets the line with equation
x + y = 6.
15. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 − 10y + 20 = 0.
(a) Determine
(i) the coordinates of C;
(ii) the radius of the circle, leaving your answer in surd form.
(b) The line, l, has equation y = 2x. Show that l is a tangent to the circle.
16. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 2y − 3 = 0.
(i) Find the coordinates of C and the radius of the circle.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point where the circle meets the line
x − 2y − 12 = 0.
17. The figure shows a circle with centre C(2, 1) and radius 5.
(i) Show that the equation of the circle may be written in the form
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y − 20 = 0.
(ii) Show that the line with equation 4y = 3x − 27 is a tangent to the
circle.

18. A circle has centre C(1, 3) and passes through the point A(3, 7) as
shown in the diagram.
(i)Show that the equation of the tangent at A is
x + 2y = 17.
(ii)The line with equation y = 2x − 9 intersects this
tangent at the point T.
Find the coordinates of T.

(iii) The equation of the circle is (x − 1)2 + (y − 3) = 20.

2

Show that the line with equation y = 2x − 9 is a tangent to the circle. Give the
coordinates of the point where this tangent touches the circle.

19. A circle has equation (x − 5) + (y − 2) = 20.

2 2

(i) State the coordinates of the centre and the radius of this circle.
(ii) State, with a reason, whether or not this circle intersects the y – axis.
(iii) Find the equation of the line parallel to the line y = 2x that passes through the
centre of the circle.
(iv) Show that the line y = 2x + 2 is a tangent to the circle. State the coordinates of
the point of contact.
20. A circle with centre C has equation x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 10y + 9 = 0.
(a) Determine
(i) the coordinates of C,
(ii) the radius of the circle.
(b) Find the equation of the normal at the point (7, − 2).
21. A circle with centre C(−5, 6) touches the y – axis, as shown in the
diagram.

(a) Find the equation of the circle in the form (x − h) + (y − k) = r 2.

2 2

(b) (i) Verify that the point P(−2, 2) lies on the circle.
(ii) Find an equation of the normal to the circle at the point P.
22. A circle with centre C has equation (x + 3)2 + (y − 2) = 25.
2

(a) Write down:

(i) the coordinates of C;
(ii) the radius of the circle.
(b) (i) Verify that the point N(0, − 2) lies on the circle,
(ii) Find an equation of the normal to the circle at the point N.
(c) The point P has coordinates (2, 6).
(i) Find the distance PC, leaving your answer in surd form.
(ii) Find the length of a tangent drawn from P to the circle.
23. A circle with centre C(−3, 2) has equation x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 4y = 12.
(a) Find the y – coordinates of the points where the circle crosses the y – axis.
(b) Find the radius of the circle.
(c) P has coordinates (2, 5) and the point Q lies on the circle so that PQ is a tangent

to the circle. Find the length of PQ.

ANSWERS

49
1. (a) x 2 + y 2 = 64 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 81 (c) x 2 + y 2 =
81
(e) (x − 1)2 + (y − 3) = 9
2
(d) x 2 + y 2 = 107 + 20 7
(f) (x − 1) + (y + 3) = 25
2 2

(x − 5) + (y − 8) = 5
2 22
2.

3. x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y − 95 = 0
1
4. (a) C(0, 0), r = 9 (b) C(0, 0), r = 7 (c) C(0, 0), r =
8
(d) C(2, − 1), r = 5 (e) C(2, − 5), r = 4 (f) C(0, − 3), r = 7

5. C(2, − 6), r = 5

6. (−7, 5), r = 5
7. 8
5 9
(a) (x − 8)2 + (y − 13) = 132 (b) y = −
2
8. x+
12 4
12 49
9. (a) (i) (5, − 12) (ii) 13 (b) y = x+
5 5
2 16
10. (a) x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 2y − 3 = 0 (b) 4 (c) (i) (ii) y = − x−
3 3
11. (i) p = − 6, q = 1 (ii) r = 29 (iii) x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 6y − 19 = 0
5
(iv) y = − x + 15
2

( 2 2 )
3 11
12. (a) (i) (−1, 6) (ii) 5 (b) − ,

(5 5 )
1 23
13. (i) (−3, 2), r = 17 (ii) , , (−2, − 2)

14. (i) (−1, 2), r = 13 (ii) −1 (iii) (1, 5), (2, 4)

15. (a) (i) (0, 5) (ii) 5

( 5 5)
42 9
16. (i) C(4, 1), r = 20 (ii) (2, − 5), , −

17.

18. (i) (ii) (7, 5) (iii) (5, 1)

19. (i) (5, 2), 20 (ii) No, the horizontal distance from the centre to the y – axis is
greater than the radius (iii) y = 2x − 8 (iv) (1, 4)
3 29
20. (a) (i) (3, − 5) (ii) 5 (b) y = x−
4 4
4 2
(a) (x + 5) + (y − 6) = 52 (b) (i)
2 2
21. (ii) y = − x−
3 3
4
22. (a) (i) (−3, 2) (ii) 5 (b)(ii) y = − x − 2 (c) (i) 41 (ii) 4
3
23. (a) −2, 6 (b) 5 (c) 3
 RADIAN MEASURE WORKSHEET
1. Convert the following angles measured in radians to degrees, stating your answer to 1
decimal place where necessary.

5π 3π 5π
a. b. c. − d . 1.2 e. − 2
12 5 4

2. Convert the following angles measured in degrees to radians. Give your answers in
terms of π.

a. 72° b. 54° c. −45° d. −60° e. 202.5°

3. The diagram shows a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O.

2π
The radius of the circle is 18 m and the angle POQ is
3
radians.

Find the length of the arc PQ, giving your answer as a multiple of π.

4. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O. The radius of the circle is
20 cm and the angle AOB = 0.8 radians. Find the length of the arc A B.

5. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O. The radius of

the circle is 15 cm and angle AOB = 1.2 radians. Calculate the length of
arc A B.

6. The diagram shows a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O.

2π
The radius of the circle is 18 m and the angle POQ is radians.
3

Find the area of sector OPQ, giving your answer as a multiple of π.

7. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O.

The radius of the circle is 20 cm and the angle AOB = 0.8 radians. Find the area of
the sector OA B.
8. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O.

The radius of the circle is 15 cm and angle AOB = 1.2 radians. Determine the
area of the sector.

9. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O and radius 20 cm. The
angle between the radii OA and OB is θ radians.

The length of the arc A B is 28 cm.

(a) Determine the value of θ.

(b) Find the area of the sector OA B.

10. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm.

The angle between the radii OA and OB is θ radians. The length of the arc A B is 4
cm.

(a) Find the value of θ.

(b) Find the area of the sector OA B.

11. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm.

The angle between the radii OA and OB is θ radians.

The area of the sector OA B is 21.6 cm2.

(a) Find the value of θ.

(b) Find the length of the arc A B.

12. The diagram shows a sector OA B of a circle with centre O.

The radius of the circle is 6 cm and the angle AOB = 0.5 radians.

(a) Find the area of the sector OA B.

(b) (i) Find the length of the arc A B.

 (ii) Hence show that

the perimeter of the sector OA B = k × the length of the arc A B

where k is an integer.

13. In the diagram, OCD is an isosceles triangle with

OC = OD = 10 cmand angle COD = 0.8 radians. The
points A and B, on OC and OD respectively, are joined by
an arc of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. Find
(i) the area of the shaded region,

(ii) the perimeter of the shaded region.

14. In the diagram, AC is an arc of a circle, centre O and radius 6 cm. The line
π
BC is perpendicular to OC and OA B is a straight line. Angle AOC =
3
radians. Find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer in terms of
π and 3.

15. In the diagram, OPQ is a sector of a circle, centre O and

radius r cm. Angle QOP = θ radians. The tangent to the
circle at Q meets OP extended at R.

(i) Show that the area, A cm2, of the shaded region is given
1 2
by A = r (tan θ − θ )
2

(ii) In the case where θ = 0.8 and r = 15, evaluate the length of the perimeter of the
shaded region.

16. The diagram shows a semicircle A BC with centre O and

radius 8 cm. Angle AOB = θ radians.

(i) In the case where θ = 1, calculate the area of the sector

BOC.
 (ii) Find the value of θ for which the perimeter of sector AOB is one half of the
perimeter of sector BOC.

π
(iii) In the case where θ = , show that the exact length of the perimeter of triangle
3
A BC is (24 + 8 3 ) cm.

17. The diagram shows a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O and radius r cm. The angle
POQ is θ radians and the perimeter of the sector is 20 cm.

20
(i) Show that θ = − 2.
r

(ii) Hence express the area of the sector in terms of r.

(iii) In the case where r = 8, find the length of the chord PQ.

18. The diagram shows a sector AOB which is part of a circle with centre O
and radius 6 cm and with angle AOB = 0.8 radians. The point C on OB is
such that AC is perpendicular to OB. The arc CD is part of a circle with
centre O, where D lies on OD. Find the area of the shaded region.

19. The diagram shows a sector POQ of a circle of radius 10 cm and centre O.
Angle POQ is 2.2 radians. Q R is an arc of a circle with
centre P and POR is a straight line.

(i) Show that the length of PQ is 17.8 cm, correct to 3

significant figures.

(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.

2π
20. In the diagram, A B = AC = 8 cm and angle C A B = radians. The circular arc
7
BC has centre A, the circular arc CD has centre B and
A BD is a straight line.

9
(i) Show that angle CBD = π radians.
14

(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.

21. The diagram shows triangle A BC in which A B is perpendicular to BC. The length of
A B is 4 cm and angle C A B is α radians. The arc DE with centre
A and radius 2 cm meets AC at D and A B at E. Find, in terms of
α,

(i) the area of the shaded region,

(ii) the perimeter of the shaded region.

22. The diagram shows a metal plate made by removing a segment from a
circle with centre O and radius 8 cm. The line A B is a chord of the
circle and angle AOB = 2.4 radians. Find

(i) the length of A B,

(ii) the perimeter of the plate,

(iii) the area of the plate.

23. In the diagram, A BC is an equilateral triangle of side 2 cm. The mid-point

of BC is Q. An arc of a circle with centre A touches BC at Q, and meets A B
at P and AC at R. Find the total area of the shaded regions, giving your
answer in terms of π and 3.

24. In the diagram, OA B is an isosceles triangle with

OA = OB and angle AOB = 2θ radians. Arc PS T has
centre O and radius r, and the line A SB is a tangent to
the arc PS T at S.

(i) Find the total area of the shaded regions in terms

of r and θ.

1
(ii) In the case where θ = π and r = 6, find the total perimeter of the shaded
3
regions, leaving your answer in terms of 3 and π.
25. The diagram shows a symmetrical metal plate. The plate is made by
removing two identical pieces from a circular disc with centre C. The
boundary of the plate consists of two arcs PS and Q R of the original
circle and two semicircles with PQ and R S as diameters. The radius of
the circle with centre C is 4 cm, and PQ = R S = 4 cm also.

2
(a) Show that angle PCS = π radians.
3

(b) Find the exact perimeter of the plate.

( 3 )
20
(c) Show that the area of the plate is π + 8 3 cm2.

Answers

1. (a) 75° (b) 108° (c) −225° (d) 68.8° (e) −114.6°

2π 3π π π 9π
2. (a) (b) (c) − (d) − (e)
5 10 4 3 8

3. 12π m

4. 16 cm

5. 18 cm

6. 108π

7. 160 cm2

8. 135 135 cm2

9. (a) 1.4 (b) 280 cm2

10. (a) 0.8 (b) 10 cm2

11. (a) 1.2 (b) 7.2 cm

12. (a) 3.6 cm2 (b) (i) 3 cm (ii) 5

13. (i) 21.47 cm2 (ii) 20.59 cm

14. 6(3 3 − π) cm2

15. (i) (ii) 33.97 cm

16. (i) 68.5 cm2 (ii) 0.38 radians (iii)

17. (i) (ii) 10r − r 2 (iii) 3.96 cm

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.
 TRIGONOMETRY WORKSHEET
1. Prove the following identities.
sin x cos x − 1 cos2 x − sin2 x
(a) + ≡0 (i) ≡ cos2 x
cos x + 1 sin x 1 − tan2 x
cos2 θ 1 1
(b) ≡ 1 − sin θ (j) − ≡ tan x
1 + sin θ cos x sin x tan x
cos2 θ cos x sin x 1
(c) sin θ + ≡1 (k) + =
1 + sin θ sin x cos x sin x cos x

(d) tan θ sin θ cos θ ≡ sin2 θ 1 − cos2 x

(l) sin x tan x ≡
1 cos θ cos x
(e) − ≡ tan θ 1 + cos θ sin θ 2
sin θ cos θ sin θ (m) + ≡
sin θ 1 + cos θ sin θ
sin2 θ
(f) ≡ 1 − cos θ
( cos θ )
2
1 + cos θ 1 1 − sin θ
(n) − tan θ ≡
1 1 1 1 + sin θ
(g) + ≡
cos x sin x
2 2 sin x cos2 x
2
tan θ + 1 tan θ − 1 2(tan θ − cos θ )
(o) + ≡
sin θ 2 1 + cos θ 1 − cos θ sin2 θ
(h) cos θ + ≡1
1 + cos θ

2. Solve the following equations for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

3 1
(i) sin θ = (iii) cos θ = −
2 2

3 (iv) 2 cos θ = − 3
(ii) sin θ = −
2
3. Solve the following equations for 0 ≤ x ≤ 360° giving your answers in degrees to 1
decimal place where necessary.
(a) 3 sin(x + 35∘ ) = 2 (b) sin(x + 15∘ ) = 0.5

4. Solve the equations for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°.

(a) 2 cos2 θ + 7 sin θ = 5 (e) 2 sin2 θ = 1 + cos θ

(b) 4 cos2 θ = 4 − sin θ (f) 3 cos2 θ = sin θ + 1

(c) 5 sin2 θ = 5 + cos θ (g) 4 sin2 θ + 9 cos θ − 6 = 0

(d) 4 cos2 θ = 1 + sin θ (h) 3 sin2 θ + 7 sin θ = cos2 θ − 4

5. Solve the equations for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving your answers to 2 decimal places where
needed.
(a) 3 cos2 x + 5 cos x − 2 = 0 (e) 3 cos2 x + 2 sin x − 3 = 0

(b) 2 sin2 x + 2 = 7 cos x (f) 4 cos2 x = 5(sin x + 1)

(c) 5 sin x = 1 + 2 cos2 x (g) 3 sin2 x − 2 cos2 x = 1

(d) 2 sin2 x + 1 = 5 cos x (h) 2 sin2 x = 2 − 3 cos x

6. (a) Show that the equation 3 sin2 x + 7 sin x = cos2 x − 4 can be written in the form

4 sin2 x + 7 sin x + 3 = 0.

(b) Hence, solve for 0 ≤ x ≤ 360°, 3 sin2 x + 7 sin x = cos2 x − 4 giving your
answers to 1 decimal place where appropriate.

7. Find in exact form, with a rational denominator, the value of

( 4 )
(a) sin 15∘ (c) sin 75∘ 3π
(f) sin
(b) cos 15∘ (d) tan 105∘

( 12 )
5π
(e) tan

4 2
8. Given that sin A = and that cos B = , find without using the calculator the value
5 3
of
(a) tan A (b) sin B (c) cos(A + B ) (d) sin(A + B )

3 5
9. Given that sin C = and that sin D = , find without using a calculator the value
5 13
of
(a) cos C (b) cos D (c) sin(C − D) (d) cos(C − D)

10. Find the value of k such that for all real values of x

( 3) ( 3)
π π
cos x + − cos x − ≡ k sin x

( 3)
π 1 + 3 tan θ
11. Show that tan θ+ ≡
3 − tan θ

( 3) ( 3)
π π
12. Show that cos 2x + + cos 2x − ≡ cos2x
13. Simplify each of these expressions

a. sin 18∘ cos 27∘ + cos 18∘ sin 27∘

b. cos 10∘ cos 80∘ − sin 10∘ sin 80∘
3π 2π 3π 2π
c. cos cos + sin sin
7 21 7 21
π π
tan 18
+ tan 9
d. π
1 − tan 18
tan π9

tan 73∘ − tan 13∘

e.
1 + tan 73∘ tan 13∘

( ) ( 5)
13π π 13π π
f. cos cos − − sin sin −
15 5 15
12 3
14. Given that A and B are acute angles and that cos C = and that cos D = , find
13 5
the value of each of the following
(a) cos(C + D) (b) cos(C − D)

15. Using the identity sin(A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B, calculate the value of

( 12 )
5π
sin .

π π
16. (i) State the exact value of (a) cos and (b) sin
6 6

( )
π 1
(ii) Hence, show that cos x+ = ( 3 cos x − sin x)
6 2

(4 )
1 + tan x π
17. Prove that ≡ tan +x
1 − tan x
1 cos 2θ
18. Prove that − = tan θ
sin 2θ sin 2θ
sin 2θ
19. Show that = tan θ
1 + cos 2θ
4
20. Given that θ is an acute angle and that sin θ = , find the value of each of the
5
following:
(a) sin 2θ (b) cos 2θ (c) tan 2θ

21. Show that (cos x − sin x)2 ≡ 1 − sin 2x

 sin 2B
22. Given that tan A = 2 tan B, show that tan(A − B ) =
3 − cos 2B

ANSWERS

1.

π 2π 4π 5π 2π 4π 5π 7π
2. (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6

3. (a) x = 6.8∘, 103.2∘ (b) x = 15°, 135°

4. (a) 30°, 150° (b) 0°, 14.48°, 165.52°, 180°, 360° (c) 90°, 101°, 259°, 270°
(d) 48.59°, 131.41°, 270° (e) 60°, 180°, 300° (f) 41.81°, 138.19°, 270°
(g) 75.5°, 284.5° (h) 228.6°, 270°, 311.4°

π 5π π 5π
π 5π
5. (a) 1.23, 5.05 (b) , (c) ,
, (d) (e) 0, 0.73, π, 2.41, 2π
3 3 6 6
6 6
π 5π π π 3π 11π
(f) , (g) 0.89, 2.26, 4.03, 5.40 (h) , , ,
3 3 6 2 2 6

6. (a) (b) x = 131.4∘, 311.4∘, 270∘

6− 2 6+ 2 6+ 2
7. (a) (b) (c) (d) −2 − 3 (e) 2 + 3
4 4 4
2
(f)
2

4 5 6−4 5 8+3 5
8. (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 15

4 12 16 63
9. (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 13 65 65

10. k =− 3

11.

12.
 2 1 3 1
13. (a) (b) 0 (c) (d) (e) 3 (f) −
2 2 3 2

33 63
14. (a) (b)
65 65

2− 6
15.
4

3 2
16. (i) (a) (b) (ii)
2 2

17.

18.

19.

24 7 24
20. (a) (b) − (c)
25 25 7

21.

22.
 DIFFERENTIATION WORKSHEET
dy
1. Determine for each of the following.
dx
(a) y = x 7 2 1 1
(g) y = (k) y = x 3 (q) y =
(b) y = x 8 x2 3
x2
−2
1 (l) y = x 5
(c) y = x 0 (h) y = (r) y = 10x −5
x −4 (m) y = x
(d) y = 1 1
1 (n) y = x3 (s) y =
(e) y = x −4 (i) y = 2x 3
x −7 3
(o) y = x
(f) y = x −7 3 (3x)2 × x 4
(j) y = x 2 4 (t) y =
(p) y = x x
dy
2. Find in each of the following cases.
dx
(a) 5x + 3 3 27
(g) x+ (k) 10x +
(b) x 3 − 6x + 2 x x2
2 16x 3 + 4x 2 + 1
(c) 2x 3 − 9x 2 − 12x + 2 (h)x + (l)
x2 2x 2
(d) 9x 2 − x 4
16 54
(e) 6x 3 + x −3 (i) x 2 + (m) + 8x 2
x x
1 6
(f) x 5 + (j) 4x + (n)(2x + 1)(5x − 7)
x2 x2
(o) x (x + 3)(1 − 5x)

3. Differentiate each of the following.

(a) y = (2x + 6) (j) y = (3x 2 + 1)

4 4

(b) y = (5 − 7x) (k) y = (2 − x 5)

5 9

(l) y = (1 − x 2)
10
(c) y = (2x − 9)5

(d) y = (4x 5 − 2x + 5)
4
(m) y = (x 2 + 6x + 4)
5

(e) y = (6x 2 + 5)
7
(n) y = (3x 2 − 6x + 1)
−7

(f) y = (1 − 2x 5)
3
(o) y = x 2 − 4x
(g) y = (4x 3 − 1)
4
(p) y = 4x 2 + 9
3
(h) y = (3 + x 2) 2 (q) y = 1 − 5x

(i) y = (6x − 1)
3

4. Differentiate each of the following.

(a) y = cos 2x (c) y = 4 cos 3x
(b) y = sin 4x (d) y = sin 10x
 (e) y = 2 + cos(2x + 1) (h) y = − 3 cos x + 2 x
(f) y = 3 − cos(3x − 5) (i) y = 25 + 4 sin x
−3
(g) y = 6x + 2 cos x (j) y = cos 6x

5. Differentiate, with respect to, x,

(a) f (x) = sin2x (d) f (x) = cos2x
(b) f (x) = sin23x (e) y = (6 − sin 2x)3
(c) f (x) = sin2(2x + 3) (f) y = (4x − cos(3x))5

1 dy
6. Given that y = cos3 x − cos x, show that = sin3 x.
3 dx
−1 + 33
7. Given that f (x) = sin x + sin 2x, show that for f ′(x) = 0, cos x = .
8
8. Differentiate 5x 2 − 4 , with respect to x.
9. Use the product rule to differentiate the following functions with respect to x.

(h) x 3(4x 2 − 1)
3
(a) (x + 3)(x − 4) (o) (2x − 1) x +3

(b) (3x − 4)(2x + 5)

(i) (x + 2)2(x − 5)
3 (p) (1 − 3x) 2x + 5

(c) (6 + x)(5 − x) x (5x − 4)

3
(j) (2x − 1)3(x + 4)2 (q)

(d) (3 − 2x)(7 + 3x)

(k) (5x + 2) (4x − 3)3 (r) (3x + 5)
4 2
x −2
(e) x 2(x + 3)4
(l) (2 − x)6(5 + 2x)
4
(s) 2x − 3 4x + 1
(f) x 4(3x − 1)3
(m) (3 + 5x) (4 − 7x)7
2 (t) 6 + x 3 − 2x
(g) 3x (2x + 5)
2 2

(n) x 3 7 − 2x (u) (x − 1)(2x + 1)

10. Differentiate
(a) x 2 cos 3x (e) (2x + 3)2sin x (h) 2x + 6 sin 2x

1
(b) x sin x (f) (4x − 9) 2 sin x (i) (4x 3 + 5)−2sin x

(c) x 2 sin 2x (g) (5x 2 + 1)3cos x (j) (1 − 7x 2 )3cos 3x

(d) 2x cos x

dy
11. Show that, if y = sin x cos x then = 2 cos2 x − 1.
dx

12. Use the quotient rule to differentiate the given function with respect to x
x x2
(a) x
x −2 (i) (p)
x +3 2x − 1
x +3
(b) x2 3− x
x −1 (j) (q)
x −4
(2 + x)2
3−x
(c) x3
4+x (k) 5+2 x
2x − 3 (r)
(5 − 4x)
3
4x − 3
(d) 5
x
x +2 (l)
3−x
(3x + 2)
2 4
2x − 5 (s)
(e) (3x − 2)2
x +4 2x − 1
(m)
x
5x
(f) (2 − 3x)2
x +2 (t)
(5x + 1)
3
1 − x2
(n)
1 + 3x x
(g)
2 − 5x

(x − 4)
2 5
4x + 3
(h) (o)
2x − 1 x

d x ( x − 4 ) (x − 4)2
d 2x + 3 k
13. Find the value of k for which =

14. Differentiate each of the following

sin 2x x3 + 1 3x − 2 cos x
(a) (d) (f) (h)
x2 cos x cos(3x − 2) (5x 2 + 3)3

x2 sin x (3x 2 + 7)3 sin x

(b) (e) (g) (i)
sin 2x 2x + 1 sin x cos x

x cos x
(c) (j)
cos x sin x
 d 2y
15. For each of the following, determine
d x2
3 4 (f) y = 4 x +x
(a) y = 6x 2 (d) y = − 3x + 2
x
1 (g) f (x) = cos 2x
(b) y = x 5 + 6
x2 (e) y = + 2x
x2 (h) f (x) = sin 3x
5 1
(c) y = − +x
x 2 4x
16. Find the gradients of the following curves at the indicated point.
(a) y = 2x 2 x =3
5
(b) y = x2 x =4
(c) y = 8 x + x x =9
6
(d) y = 2x + x =4
x

(e) y = x 2 − 6x − 2 x =−5
17. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x 2 − 7 at the point where x = 3.
18. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 6 x at the point where x = 16.
1 3 9
19. Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y = x + at which the tangent is
3 x
parallel to the line y = 8x + 3.
20.Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = x 3 − 4x 2 + 7 at the point (2, − 1).
21. A curve has equation y = x 2 + x.
(i) Find the gradient of the curve at the point for which x = 2.
(ii) Find the equation of the normal at the point for which x = 2.
6
22.Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = − 5 at the point on the curve
x2
where x = 2.
2x + 4
23.Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = at the point where x = 4.
x −2
24.The equation of a curve is y = x 3 − 8. Find the equation of the normal to the curve at
the point where the curve crosses the x – axis.
k
25.The curve y = h x 2 + passes through point P(1, 1)and has a gradient of 5 at P .
x
Find
i. the values of the constants h and k
 1
ii. the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = .
2
1
26. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = 8x 4 + 4 at the point where x = .
2
27.Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = 2x 3 + 5x 2 − 4x.
Determine the nature of the stationary points.
28.A curve has equation y = x 3 − 6x 2 + 12. Find the coordinates of the turning points of
this curve and their nature.
6
29.Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = 3x 2 − − 2.
x
30.A cubic curve has equation y = x 3 − 3x 2 + 1.
Find the coordinates of the stationary points on this curve. Determine the nature of
these stationary points.
31. Differentiate x 3 − 6x 2 − 15x + 50.
Hence find the stationary points on the curve y = x 3 − 6x 2 − 15x + 50 and
determine their nature.
1 3 dy
32. (i) Given that y = x − 9x, find .
3 dx
1 3
(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = x − 9x.
3
(iii) Determine whether each stationary point is a maximum point of a minimum
point.
33.The equation of a curve is y = 9x 2 − x 4.
dy d 2y
(i) Find and .
dx d x2
(ii) Hence show that the origin is a minimum point on the curve. Find the
coordinates of the maximum points.
34. (i) Solve the equation x 4 − 10x 2 + 25 = 0.
2 5 20 3 dy
(ii) Given that y = x − x + 50x + 3, find .
5 3 dx
(iii) Hence find the number of stationary points on the curve
2 5 20 3
y= x − x + 50x + 3.
5 3
35.The volume V cm3 of a box, of height x cm, is given by

V = 4x (5 − x) ,
2
0<x <5
dV
(a) Find .
dx
(b) Hence find the maximum volume of the box.
 (c) Justify that the volume that you found in part (b) is a maximum.
36.The diagram shows a solid cuboid with square base of side x cm and height h cm. its
volume is 120 cm3.
(i) Find h in terms of x. Hence show that the surface area, A cm2,
480
of the cuboid is given by A = 2x 2 +
x
dA d2A
(ii) Find and
dx d x2
(iii) Hence find the value of x which gives the minimum surface area. Find also the
value of the surface area in this case.
37.The diagram shows a solid brick in the shape of a cuboid measuring
2x cm by x cm and y cm. The total surface area of the brick is 600
cm2.
(a) Show that the volume, V cm3, of the brick is given by
4x 3
V = 200x −
3
(b) Determine the maximum value of V, giving your answer to the nearest cm3.
(c) Justify that the value of V you have found is a maximum.
38.The diagram shows an open – topped water tank, in the shape of a cuboid, which is
made of sheet metal. The base of the tank is a rectangle x
metres by y metres. The height of the tank is x metres.
The capacity of the tank is 100 m3.
(a) Show that the area A m2 of the sheet metal used to make
300
the tank is given by A = + 2x 2
x
(b) Find the value of x for which A is stationary.
(c) Prove that this value of x gives a minimum value of A.
(d) Calculate the minimum area of sheet metal needed to make the tank.
39.(i) The standard formulae for the volume V and total surface area A of a solid

cylinder of radius r and height h are

V = π r 2 h and A = 2π r 2 + 2π rh
Use these to show that, for a cylinder with A = 200,
V = 100r − π r 3
dV d 2V
(ii) Find and .
dr dr 2
 (iii) Find the value of r that gives a maximum value for V and hence find the
maximum value, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures.
40.A solid right circular cylinder has radius r cm and height h cm.
The total surface area of the cylinder is 800 cm2.
(a) Show that the volume, V cm3, of the cylinder is given by
V = 400r − π r 3
(b) Find the maximum value of V, to the nearest cm3.
(c) Justify that the value of V you have found is a maximum.
41. The diagram shows a flowerbed. Its shape is a quarter of a circle
of radius x metres with two equal rectangles attached to it along
its radii. Each rectangle has length equal to x metres and width
equal to y metres.
Given that the area of the flowerbed is 4 m2,
16 − π x 2
(a) show that y =
8x
(b) Hence show that the perimeter P metres of the flowerbed is given by the equation
8
P= + 2x
x
(c) Determine the minimum value of P.
(d) Find the width of each rectangle when the perimeter is a minimum. Give your
answer to the nearest centimetre.
42.A manufacturer produces pain relieving tablets. Each tablet is in the
shape of a solid circular cylinder with base radius x mm and height h
mm, as shown in the diagram.
Given that the volume of each tablet has to be 60 mm3.
(a) express h in terms of x,
120
(b) show that the surface area, A mm2, of a tablet is given by A = 2π x 2 + .
x
The manufacturer needs to minimise the surface area A mm2, of a tablet.
(c) Find the value of x for which A is a minimum.
(d) Calculate the minimum value of A, giving your answer to the nearest integer.
(e) Show that this value of A is a minimum.
43.The area of a circular stain is growing at a rate of 1 mm2 per second. Find the rate of
increase of its radius at an instant when its radius is 2 mm.
44.At time t seconds the length of the side of a cube is x cm, the
surface area of the cube is S cm2. The surface area of the cube is
 increasing at a constant rate of 8 cm2s–1.
Determine the rate of increase of the length of the side of the cube.
45.The diagram shows a right circular cylindrical metal rod which is expanding as it is
heated. After t seconds the radius of the rod is x cm
and the length of the rod is 5x cm. The cross –
sectional area of the rod is increasing at the
constant rate of 0.032 cm2 s −1.
(a)Find the rate of increase of the radius when the
radius of the rod is 2 cm, giving your answer to 3
significant figures.

(b) Find the rate of increase of the volume of the rod when x = 2.

46. The diagram below shows a garden pond.

The volume V m3 of water in the pond when the
depth is h metres is given by

1 2
V= π h (3 − h)
3

dV
(i) Find .
dh
Water is poured into the pond at the rate of 0.02 m3

dh
(ii) Find the value of when h = 0.4.
dt
47.The diagram below shows a cone. The angle between the axis and the
slant edge is 30°. Water is poured into the cone at a constant rate of 2 cm3
per second. At time t seconds, the radius of the water surface is r cm and
the volume of water in the cone is V cm3.
dV
(i) Write down the value of .
dt
3 dV
(ii) Show that V = π r 3 and find .
3 dr
[You may assume that the volume of a cone of height h and radius r is
1 2
π r h]
3

dr
(iii) Use the results of parts (i) and (ii) to find the value of when r = 2.
dt
48.Water flows into a bowl at a constant rate of 10 cm3s −1. When the depth of the water
is h cm, the volume of water is V cm3, where V = π h 2. Find the rate at which the
depth is increasing at the instant when the depth is 5 cm.
 ANSWERS

4
1. (a) 7x 6 (b) 8x 7 (c) 0 (d) 0 (e) −4x −5 (f) −7x −8 (g) − (h) 4x 3
x3
3 1 1 −2 2 −7 1 −1 3 1 2
(i) 7x 6 (j) x2 (k) x 3 (l) − x 5 (m) x 2 (n) x (o) x3
2 3 5 2 2 3
1 −3 2 −5 3
(p) x 4 (q) − x 3 (r) −50x −6 (s) − 4 (t) 45x 4
4 3 2x

1
2. (a) 5 (b) 3x 2 − 6 (c) 6x 2 − 18x − 12 (d) 18x − 4x 3 (e) 18x 2 +
2 x

2 1 −1 3 4 16 12 54
(f) 5x 4 − x 2 − 2 (h) 1 − 3 (i) 2x − 2 (j) 4 − 3 (k) 10 − 3
(g)
x3 2 x x x x x
1 54
(l) 8 − (m) 16x − (n) 20x − 9 (o) −15x 2 − 28x + 3
x 3 x2

3. (a) 64(x + 3)3 (b) −35(5 − 7x)4 (c) 10(2x − 9)4

(d) 8(10x 4 − 1)(4x 5 − 2x + 5)

3
(e) 84x (6x 2 + 5)6 (f) −30x 4(1 − 2x 5)2
1
(g) 48x 2(4x 3 − 1)3 (h) 3x (3 + x 2 ) 2 (i) 18(6x − 1)2 (j) 24x (3x 2 + 1)3
(k) −45x 4(2 − x 5)8 (l) −20x (1 − x 2 )9 (m) 10(x + 3)(x 2 + 6x + 4)4
42(x − 1) x −2 4x 5
(n) − (o) (p) (q) −
(3x 2 − 6x + 1)8 x (x − 4) 4x 2 + 9 2 1 − 5x

4. (a) −2 sin 2x (b) 4 cos 4x (c) −12 sin 3x (d) 10 cos 10x (e) −2 sin(2x + 1)
18 1
(f) 3 sin(3x − 5) (g) − − 2 sin x (h) + 3 sin x (i) 4 cos x (j) −6 sin 6x
x 4
x

5. (a) sin 2x (b) 6 sin 3x cos 3x (c) 4 sin(2x + 3)cos(2x + 3) (d) −2 sin x cos x
(e) −6 cos 2x (6 − sin 2x)2 (f) 5(4 + 3 sin 3x)(4x − cos 3x)4

6.

7.

5x
8.
5x 2 − 4
9. (a) 2x − 1 (b) 12x + 7 (c) −1 − 2x (d) −5 − 12x (e) 6x (x + 1)(x + 3)3
(f) x 3(3x − 1)2(21x − 4) (g) 6x (2x + 5)(4x + 5) (h) 3x 2(4x 2 − 1)2(12x 2 − 1)
(i) (x + 2)(x − 5)2(5x − 4) (j) 2(x + 4)(2x − 1)2(5x + 11)
(k) 4(5x + 2)3(4x − 3)2(35x − 9) (l) 2(2 − x)5(5 + 2x)3(−10x − 7)
7x 2(3 − x) 6x + 11
(m) (3 + 5x)(4 − 7x)6(−315x − 107) (n) (o)
7 − 2x 2 x +3

9x + 14 (35x − 4)(5x − 4)2 (3x + 5)(15x − 19)

(p) − (q) (r)
2x + 5 2 x 2 x −2

8x − 5 4x + 9 4x − 1
(s) (t) − (u)
2x − 3 4x + 1 2 6 + x 3 − 2x 2 x − 1 2x + 1

10. (a) x (2 cos 3x − 3x sin 3x) (b) sin x + x cos x (c) 2x (sin 2x + x cos 2x)
(d) 2(cos x − x sin x) (e) (2x + 3)[4 sin x + (2x + 3)cos x)]
2 sin x + (4x − 9)cos x
(f) (g) (5x 2 + 1)2(30x cos x − (5x 2 + 1)sin x)
4x − 9

sin x + 2(2x + 3)cos 2x (4x 3 + 5)cos x − 24x 2 sin x

(h) (i)
2x + 3 (4x 3 + 5)3

(j) (1 − 7x 2 )2[−42x cos 3x − 3(1 − 7x 2 )sin 3x]

11.

2 4 7 11 13
12. (a) − (b) − (c) − (d) (e)
(x − 2)2 (x − 1)2 (4 + x)2 (x + 2)2 (x + 4)2

10 11 10 x (x + 6) x (x − 8)
(f) (g) (h) − (i) (j)
(2 − 5x)
2 2 2 2
(x + 2) (2x − 1) (x + 3) (x − 4)2

x 2(2x − 9) x 4(−4x + 15) (3x − 2)(9x + 2)

(k) (l) (m)
2 2 3
(2x − 3) (3 − x) 2x 2

(5x + 1) (25x − 1) (x − 4) (19x + 4)

2 2 4
2
2x + 1
(n) (o) (p) −
3 3
2x 2 2x 2 (2x − 1)2
 5(1 + 4x + 12 x )
(3x + 2) (45x − 24x − 2)
2 32
3x − 12 x − 2
(q) (r) (s)
x (5 − 4x)
4 3
2 x (2 + x)3 (2x − 1) 2

(2 − 3x)(6 + 2x − 9x 2 )
(t)
3
(1 − x 2 ) 2

13. k = − 11

2(x cos 2x − sin 2x) 2x (sin 2x − x cos 2x) cos x + x sin x

14. (a) (b) (c)
x3 (sin 2x)2 cos2 x
3x 2 cos x + (x 3 + 1)sin x (2x + 1)cos x − 2 sin x
(d) (e)
cos x
2 (2x + 1)2
3[cos(3x − 2) + (3x − 2)sin(3x − 2)]
(f)
cos2(3x − 2)
(3x 2 + 7)2[18x sin x − (3x 2 + 7)cos x] (5x 2 + 3)sin x − 30x cos x
(g) (h) −
sin2 x (5x 2 + 3)4
1 1
(i) (j) −
cos x
2 sin2 x

9 6 30 1 8 36 1
15. (a) 9 x (b) (b) 20x 3 + (c) − 3 (d) (e) (f)
2 x x4 x 4 2x x3 x4 3
x2

(g) −4 cos 2x (h) −9 sin 3x

7 13
16. (a) 12 (b) 20 (c) x = (d) (e) −16
3 8

17. y = 6x − 16

3
18. y= x + 12
4

19. (3, 12) and (−3, − 12)

1 3
20. y= x−
4 2

1 32
21. (i) 5 (ii) y = − x+
5 5
 2 29
22. y= x−
3 6

1
23. y= x +4
2

1 1
24. y =− x+
12 6

9
25. (i) h = 2, k = − 1 (ii) y = 6x −
2

1 37
26. y =− x+
4 8

(3 27 )
1 19
27. , − min, (−2, 12) max

28. (0, 12) max, (4, − 20) min

29. (−1, 7)

30. (0, 1) max, (−2, 3) min

31. (−1, 58) max, (5, − 50) min

32. (i) x 2 − 9 (ii) (3, − 18), (−3, 18) (iii) (3, − 18) Minimum (−3, 18) Maximum

dy d 2y
33. (i) = 18x − 4x 3, 2 = 18 − 12x 2 (ii) (−2.12, 20.25), (2.12, 20.25)
dx dx

34. (i) x = ± 5 (ii) 2x 4 − 20x 2 + 50 (iii) 2 roots

35. (a) 100 − 80x + 12x 2 (b) 74.074

dA 480 d 2 A 960
36. (i) (ii) = 4x − 2 , = 4 + (iii) x = 4.9, A = 145.9
dx x d x2 x3

dV d 2V
37. (a) (b) = 200 − 4x 2 (c) = − 8x → Max
dx d x2

38. (a) (b) x = 4.2172 (c) (d) 106.707

dV d 2V
39. (i) = 100 − 3π r 2, 2 = − 6π r (iii) r = 3.26, V = 217
dr dr
40. (a) (b) 1737 (c)

41. (a) (b) (c) 8 (d) 21

60
42. (a) h = (b) (c) 2.12 (d) 85 (e)
π x2

π
43.
4

2x
44.
3

45. (a) 0.00255 (b) 0.48

46. (i) 2π h − π h 2 (ii) 0.0099 m/min

1
47. (i) 2 (ii) 3π r 2 (iii)
2 3π

1
48.
π
 INTEGRATION WORKSHEET
1. Evaluate each of the following
5
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ x2
3
(a) x dx (g) x dx (m) 12 x d x (s) dx

3
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ x2
3
(b) x2 d x (h) 7 dx (n) 10x 2 d x (t) dx

8
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ x3
5
(c) x7 d x (i) 20x 4 d x (o) 30x 2 d x (u) dx

6
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ x3
1 1
(d) x2 d x (j) 6x 2 d x (p) 6x −4 d x (v) dx

∫ ∫ ∫
1
(e) 12x 5 d x (k) 6x − 2 d x (q) 24x −3 d x

∫ ∫ ∫
1
(f) 3x 4 d x (l) 4x 2 d x (r) 18x −4 d x

2. Evaluate each of the following

∫( x2 )
3
∫( ∫(
(a) 4x − 5) d x (i) 5x 3 − 6x + 1) d x (p) 2x 3 + dx

∫( ∫(
2 + 5x 2)d x x 3 + 8x − 5) d x
∫
(b) (j) (q) 12 x d x

∫( ) ∫( (4 + x) d x
1 2
x 2 + 4)(x − 6) d x
∫
(c) 6x 2 − 1 dx (k) (r)

∫(
3x 2 + 4 x ) d x ∫ ∫ (
x x 2 − 4) d x
(d) (l) (2x + 1)(x + 3) d x (s)

∫( x2 )
6
∫( ∫
(e) 3x 2 + 4x 5 − 7) d x (m) 4x + dx (t) x 3(x 2 − x + 5) d x

∫(
2 − 6 x) d x
∫( ∫
(f) 12x 5 − 8x 3 + 3) d x (n) (u) x (x − 1)2 d x

∫( ) ∫( x3 )
1 1 x 3 + 3x 2
1
8x 3 + 6x 2 − 5 x3 +
∫
(g) dx (o) dx (v) dx
x

∫( )
1
(h) 2x 5 − 3x 2 + 4x 3 dx
3. Evaluate

∫( ∫ ∫
x + 6) d x
3
(a) (e) (4x − 1)−4 d x (i) (x − 8)−2 d x

∫ ∫( ∫
5x − 9)
−2
(b) (3x + 7)3 d x (f) dx (j) (9 − 2x)−3 d x

∫ ∫(
−5x − 4)
−2
(c) (4x + 8)2 d x (g) dx

∫ ∫(
3x + 5)
−2
(d) (7 − x)3 d x (h) dx

4. Determine
1

∫ ∫ ∫(
2 2
(a) (2x − 1)− 3 d x (e) (x + 3) 3 d x (i) 5x + 1) 2 d x

1 1

∫( ∫ ∫(
1
(b) 3x − 5) 2 d x (f) (3x − 7) 2 d x (j) 5x − 9) 3 d x

∫ ∫
3 1
(c) (4x + 1)− 2 d x (g) (3x − 1) 3 d x

−2
∫ ∫
3
(d) (6 − x) 3 dx (h) (x + 4)− 2 d x

5. Evaluate

∫ 2 (3 )
1 1
∫ ∫
(a) cos 2x d x (c) x + cos 4x d x (e) sin x dx

(2)
x
∫ ∫
3

∫
(b) sin 3x d x (d) cos − 8x 2 d x (f) x + 2 sin(−3x) d x

6. Evaluate each of the following.

9 5 4

∫(
2x + 3 x ) d x
∫ ∫(
(a) 4 x dx (c) 2x 3 + 4) d x (e)
1 2 1

9 4 1

∫( )
1
∫ ∫(
3
(b) dx (d) x2 −1 dx (f) 16 − x 4) d x
x
0 1 −2
 6 5 0
x 3 + 2x 2
∫ ( ∫( ∫
(g) x x − 4) d x
2
(k) 7 + 6x − x ) d x
2
(o) dx
x
1 1 −2

1 2 4

∫( ) ∫( x2 )
3 10
∫
(h) 3x + 1 d x (l) 4
x − 2 +1 dx (p) x3 − dx
x
0 1 2

4 2 2

∫( x2 )
4
∫ ∫(
(i) 6x 2 − 4x + 5 d x (m) 12x 5 + 5) d x (q) 3x 2 + 5 + dx
2 1 1

3 5

∫( x3 )
6
∫
2
(j) 5x − 9 d x (n) 1− dx
0 2

7. Evaluate each of the following

π π

∫0 ( ∫0 (
2 4
(a) 3 sin x + 5 cos x) d x (f) sin x − 2 cos x) d x

π π

∫0 ( ∫0 (
2 3
(b) 4 sin x − cos x) d x (g) sin x − 3 cos x) d x

π π

∫0 ( ∫0 (
2 3
(c) 3 sin x − 2 cos x) d x (h) 2 sin x + 4 cos x) d x

π π

∫0 ( ∫π (
4 2
(d) 2 sin x + cos x) d x (i) 4 cos x + 2 sin x) d x
4

π
π

∫0 (
4
3 sin x + 4 cos x) d x
∫π (
2
3 cos x − sin x) d x
(e)
(j)
4

∫1 ( x)
2
8. Express 3 x+ d x in the form a + b 2 , where a and b are integers.

9. The positive constant a is such that

2a

∫( )
2x 3 − 5x 2 + 4
dx = 0
x2
a

(i) Show that 3a 3 − 5a 2 + 2 = 0.

 (ii) Show that a = 1 is a root of 3a 3 − 5a 2 + 2 = 0, and hence find the other possible
value of a, giving your answer in simplified surd form.
1
10. (i) Prove that sin2 θ cos2 θ = (1 − cos 4θ )
8
π

∫0
3
(ii) Hence, find the exact value of sin2 θ cos2 θ d x

dy
11. The gradient of a curve is given by = 4x − 5. The curve passes through the point
dx
(3, 7) . Find the equation of the curve.
dy
12. The gradient of a curve is given by = 3 − x 2. The curve passes through the point
dx
(6, 1). Find the equation of the curve.
dy
13. A curve has gradient given by = 6x 2 + 8x. The curve passes through the point (1,
dx
5). Find the equation of the curve.
dy
14. A curve has gradient given by = 6 x . Find the equation of the curve, given that
dx
it passes through the point (9, 105).
15. The gradient of a curve is 3 x − 5. The curve passes through the point (4, 6). Find
the equation of the curve.
dy 1
16. The gradient of a curve is given by = 2x − 2 , and passes through the point (4, 5).
dx
Find the equation of the curve.
1
17. The gradient of a curve is 6x 2 + 12x 2 . The curve passes through the point (4, 10).
Find the equation of the curve.
dy 1
18. A curve for which = (5x − 1) 2 − 2 passes through the point (2, 3). Find the
dx
equation of the curve.
19. A curve has equation y = f (x). The point P with coordinates (9, 0) lies on the curve.
x +9
Given that f ′(x) = , x > 0 find f (x).
x

20. A curve with equation y = f (x) passes through the point (3, 6). Given that
f ′(x) = (x − 2)(3x + 4), determine f (x) as a polynomial in its simplest form.
dy
21. The gradient of a curve is given by = 6x − 4. The curve passes through the
dx
distinct points (2, 5) and ( p, 5).


 (i) Find the equation of the curve.
(ii) Find the value of p.
dy 6
22. The equation of a curve is such that = . Given that the curve passes
dx 3x − 2

through the point P(2, 11), find

(i) the equation of the normal to the curve at P,
(ii) the equation of the curve.
2
23. The function f is defined for x > 0 and is such that f ′(x) = 2x − . The curve
x2
y = f (x) passes through the point P(2, 6).
(i) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at P.
(ii) Find the equation of the curve.
dy
24. The gradient of a curve is given by = 3x 2 + a, where a is a constant. The curve
dx
passes through the points (−1, 2) and (2, 17). Find the equation of the curve.
dy
25. A curve has an equation which satisfies = k x (2x − 1) for all values of x. The
dx
point P(2, 7) lies on the curve and the gradient of the curve at P is 9.
(i) Find the value of the constant k.
(ii) Find the equation of the curve.
d 2y −2
26. A curve is such that = 2(3x − 1) 3 . Given that the curve has a gradient of 6 at
d x2
the point (3, 11), find the equation of the curve.
d 2y −1
27. A curve is such that = ( 2x − 5) 2 . Given that the curve has a gradient of 6 at
d x2

(2 3)
9 2
the point , , find the equation of the curve.

28. Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = f (x), the x – axis and the given
lines.
(a) f (x) = x 2 + 2 x = − 2, x = 2
(b) f (x) = 3x 2 + 8x + 6 x = − 3, x = 1
(c) f (x) = 9 + 2x − x 2 x = 1, x = 4
3
(d) f (x) = x − 4x + 1 x = 2, x = 3
1
(e) f (x) = 2x + 3x 2 x = 0, x = 4
5
(f) f (x) = 3 + x = − 4, x = − 1
x2

29. Find the area enclosed between the curve y = 3x 2 − 3x − 6, the x – axis from x = 2
to x = 3.
30. Find the area enclosed between the curve y = 4x − x 2, the x – axis from x = 2 to
x = 4.
31. Find the area enclosed between the curve y = (x + 2)2 + 3, the x – axis from x = − 5
to x = − 2.
32. The diagram shows part of the curve C with equation y = (1 + x)(4 − x).

The curve intersects the x – axis at x = − 1 and x = 4. The region R, shown shaded
in the diagram, is bounded by C and the x – axis.
Determine the area of R.
33.

Determine the area of R.

34. The finite region R, shown in the diagram, is bounded by the x – axis and the curve
with equation
16
y = 27 − 2x − 9 x − , x >0
x2

The curve crosses the x – axis at the points (1, 0) and (4, 0).
Determine the area of R.
35. The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = x + 2 , x ≥ − 2.

The finite region R is bounded by the curve, the x – axis and the lines x = 2 and
x = 6.
Determine the area of R.
36.

The diagram shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y= 2x − 1, x ≥ 0.5.
 The finite region R, shown in the diagram, is bounded by the curve, the x – axis and
the lines with equation x = 2 and x = 10.
Determine the area of R.
12
37. (i) Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = the x – axis and the lines
x2
x = 1 and x = 3.
12
(ii) The area of the region enclosed by the curve y = , the x – axis and the lines
x2
x = 2 and x = a, where a > 2, is 3 units2. Find the value of a.
38. The diagram shows the curve y = 4x − x 2, which crosses the x – axis at
the origin O and the point A. The tangent to the curve at the point (1, 3)
crosses the x – axis at the point B.
(i) Find the coordinates of A and B.
(ii) Find the area of the shaded region.

39.

27
The diagram shows part of the graph of y = 16x + , which has a minimum at A.
x2
(i) Find the coordinates of A.
27
The points P and Q lie on the curve y = 16x + and have x – coordinates 1 and 3
x2
respectively.
(ii) Find the area enclosed by the curve and the line PQ.
 π
40. The graph shows part of the curve y = 3 sin x + 4 cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2

Find the area of the shaded region.

41. Determine the volume generated when the following regions bounded by the
indicated curve and lines are rotated 2π radians about the x – axis.

(a) y = 2x, x = 2 and x = 4

(b) y = x 2 + 1, x = 0 and x = 2

(c) f (x) = 3x 2 − 1, x = − 1 and x = 2

42. The diagram shows the curve with equation

y = (2x − 3)2. The shaded region is bounded by the
curve and the lines x = 0 and y = 0. Find the exact
volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated
completely about the x – axis.

6
43. The diagram shows part of the curve y = . The
(2x + 1)2
shaded region is bounded by the curve and the lines
x = 0, x = 1 and y = 0. Find the exact volume of the solid
produced when this shaded region is rotated completely about
the x – axis.
44. The curve with equation
1 1
y= , x >− ,
3(1 + 2x) 2
is shown in Figure 1.
The region bounded by the lines
1 1
x =− , x = , the x – axis and the curve is
4 2
shown shaded in Figure 1.
This region is rotated through 360 degrees
about the x – axis.
Find the EXACT value of the volume of the solid generated.

45. The diagram shows the curve with equation y = (x − 2)5

for x ≥ 2.
The shaded region R is bounded by the curve

y= (x − 2)5 , the x – axis and the lines x = 3 and x = 4.

Find the exact value of the volume of the solid formed when
the region R is rotated through 360° about the x – axis.

46. The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 100 − 4x 2 , where x ≥ 0.

Calculate the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the
curve shown above and the coordinate axes is rotated 2π radians about the x
– axis, giving your answer in terms of π.

47. The diagram shows the curve with equation

y = 2 (x − 1)3 for x ≥ 1.

The shaded region R is bounded by the curve

y = 2 (x − 1)3 , the lines x = 2 and x = 4, and

the x – axis.

Find the exact value of the volume of the solid formed when the region R is rotated
through 2π radians about the x – axis.
 1
48. Find the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve y = , the x
2x + 1
– axis, the line x = 2 and the line x = 7 is rotated through 360° about the x – axis.

9
49. Find the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve y = 2x + , the x
x
– axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 3 is rotated through 360° about the x – axis.

50. Show that (cos x + sin x)2 ≡ 1 + sin 2x.

Hence find the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve

π π
y = cos x + sin x, the x – axis and the lines x = , x = is rotated through a
4 2
complete revolution about the x – axis.

ANSWERS

3
x2 x3 x8 2x 2 3x 5
1. (a) + c (b) + c (c) + c (d) + c (e) 2x 6 + c (f) +c
2 3 8 3 5
4
3x 3 3 1 8 3
(g) + c (h) 7x + c (i) 4x 5 + c (j) 4x 2 + c (k) 12x 2 + c (l) x 2 + c
4 3
3 5 60 7 2 12 6
(m) 8x 2 + c (n) 4x 2 + c (o) x 2 + c (p) − 3 + c (q) − 2 + c (r) − 3 + c
7 x x x
5 3 4 3
(s) − + c (t) − + c (u) − + c (v) − 2 + c
x x x 2 x

5 3 3 8 3
2. (a) 2x 2 − 5x + c (b) 2x + x + c (c) 4x 2 − x + c (d) x 3 + x 2 + c
3 3
2 6 3
(e) x 3 + x − 7x + c (f) 2x 6 − 2x 4 + 3x + c (g) 2x 4 + 4x 2 − 5x + c
3
1 4 5 1
(h) x 6 − x 3 − 3x 3 + c (i) x 4 − 3x 2 + x + c (j) x 4 + 4x 2 − 5x + c
3 4 4
1 2 7 6
(k) x 4 − 2x 3 + 2x 2 − 24x + c (l) x 3 + x 2 + 3x + c (m) 2x 2 − + c
4 3 2 x
3 1 1 1 3 3
(n) 2x − 4x 2 + c (o) x 4 − x −2 + c (p) x 4 − + c (q) 8x 2 + c
4 2 2 x
 16 3 1 2 1 1 1 5
(r) 16x + x 2 + x + c (s) x 4 − 2x 2 + c (t) x 6 − x 5 + x 4 + c
3 2 4 6 5 4
1 2 1 1 1
(u) x 4 − x 3 + x 2 + c (v) x 3 + 6x 2 + c
4 3 2 3

1 1 1
(x + 6) + c (b)
4
3. (a) (3x + 7)4 + c (c) (4x + 8)3 + c
4 12 12
1 1 1
(4x − 1)−3 + c (f) − (5x − 9) + c
−1
(d)− (7 − x)4 + c (e) −
4 12 5
1 1
(g) (−5x − 4) + c (h) − (3x + 5) + c (i) −(x − 8)−1 + c
−1 −1
5 3
1
(j) (9 − 2x)−2 + c
4

1 2 3 1 −1
4. (a) (2x − 1) 3 + c (3x − 5) 2 + c
(b) (c) − (4x + 1) 2 +c
9 2
1 3 5 2 3
(d) −3(6 − x) 3 + c (e) (x + 3) 3 + c (f) (3x − 7) 2 + c
5 9
1 4 −1 2 3
(g) (3x − 1) 3 + c (h) −2(x + 4) 2 + c (i) (5x + 1) 2 + c
4 15
3 4
(j) (5x − 9) 3 + c
20

1 1 2 3 1
5. (a) sin 2x + c (b) − cos 3x + c (c) x 2 + sin 4x + c
2 3 3 4

(2) (3)
x 16 5 3 x x2 2
(d) 2sin − x2 + c (e) − cos +c (f) + cos(−3x) + c
5 2 2 3

208 663 47 207 1015 14

6. (a) (b) 6 (c) (d) (e) 29 (f) (g) (h) (i) 98 (j) 18
3 2 5 5 4 9
176 4
(k) (l) 5.7 (m) 131 (n) 2.37 (o) − (p) 57.5 (q) 14
3 3

4− 2 6+ 2 2−3 2 1−3 3
7. (a) 8 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) (e) (f) (g)
2 2 2 2
(h) 1 + 2 3 (i) 4 − 2 (j) 3 − 2 2

8. 40 2−6

1+ 7
9. (i) ii)
3
 8π + 3 3
10. (i) ii)
192

11. y = 2x 2 − 5x + 4

x3
12. y = 3x − + 55
3

13. y = 2x 3 + 4x 2 − 1

3
14. y = 4x 2 − 3

3
15. y = 2x 2 − 5x + 10

1
16. y = 4x 2 − 3

3
17. y = 2x 3 + 8x 2 − 182

3
2(5x − 1) 2 17
18. y = − 2x +
15 5

2 3 1
19. f (x) = x 2 + 18x 2 − 72
3

20.f (x) = x 3 − x 2 − 8x + 12

2
21. (i) y = 3x 2 − 4x + 1 (ii) p = −
3

1 35
22. (i) y = − x+ (ii) y = 4 3x − 2 + 3
3 3

2 46 2
23. (i) y = − x+ (ii) f (x) = x + + 1
2
7 7 x

24.y = x 3 + 2x + 5

3 3 2
25.(i) k = (ii) y = x 3 − x +2
2 4

1 4
26.y = (3x − 1) 3 + 2x − 3
2
 1 3
27. y = (2x − 5) 2 + 4x − 20
3

40 29 51
28.(a) (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) (e) 32 (f)
3 4 4

29.5.5

16
30.
3

31. 18

125
32.
6

1
33. 11
4

34.12

32 2
35.
3

19 19 − 3 3
36.
3

37.(i) 8 (ii) a = 4

( 2 )
1 32
38.(i) A(4, 0), B − , 0 (ii)
3

(2 ) ( )
3
39.(i) , 36 ii 12

40.7

224π 206π 222π

41. (a) (b) (c)
3 15 5

243π
42.
10
 52π
43.
9

π
44.
12

21π
45.
2

1000π
46.
3

47. 80π

π
48.
15

482π
49.
3

π 2 + 2π
50.
4
 KINEMATICS WORKSHEET
1. The diagram shows the graph of Rachel’s journey on
a highway. Starting at A, she drove 24 kilometres to
B at a constant speed. Between B and C she had to
drive slowly through road works. At C she drove a
further distance to D at her original speed.

(a) For how many minutes was she driving through

the road works?

(b) At what speed did she drive through the works?

Give your answer in

(i) kilometres/minute

(ii) kilometres/hour

(c) What is the total distance from A to D?

2. The travel graph shows part of the journey of a truck driver.

The driver leaves a factory to deliver tyres to a

garage.

After unloading the tyres, the driver returns to the

factory, but stops at a café for 1 hour.

He then completes the journey at an average speed

of 80 km/h.

(a) Calculate the average speed of the truck on its

journey from the factory to the garage.

(b) Write down the length of time the truck stays

at the garage. Complete the travel graph.
3. The diagram shows a velocity – time graph for a
lift.

(a) Find the distance travelled by the lift.

(b) Find the acceleration of the lift during the first

4 seconds of the motion.

4. The graph shows how the speed of a cyclist, Hannah, varies as she
travels for 21 seconds along a straight horizontal road.

(a) Find the distance travelled by Hannah in the 21 seconds.

(b) Find Hannah’s average speed during the 21 seconds.

5. A bus slows down as it approaches a bus

stop. It stops at the bus stop and remains at
rest for a short time as the passengers get
on. It then accelerates away from the bus
stop. The graph shows how the velocity of
the bus varies.

6. Assume that the bus travels in a

straight line during the motion
described by the graph. State the
length of time for which the bus is at
rest.

(a) Find the distance travelled by the

bus in the first 40 seconds.

(b) Find the total distance travelled

by the bus in the 120-second period.
 (c) Find the average speed of the bus in the 120 – second period.

(d) If the bus had not stopped but had travelled at a constant 20 ms−1 for
the 120 – second period, how much further would it have travelled?

6. The graph shows how the velocity of a train varies as it moves along a straight railway
line.

(a) Find the

total
distance
travelled by
the train.

(b) Find the

average
speed of the
train.

(c) Find the acceleration of the train during the first 10 seconds of its motion.

7. The graph shows how the velocity of a particle varies during a 50 – second period as
it moves forwards and then backwards on a straight line.

(a) State the times at which the velocity of the particle is zero.

(b) Show that the particle travels a distance of 75 metres during the
first 30 seconds of its motion.

(c) Find the total distance travelled by the particle during the 50
seconds.

(d) Find the distance of the particle from its initial position at the end
of the 50 – second period.

8. A lift rises vertically from rest with a constant acceleration.

After 4 seconds, it is moving upwards with a velocity of 2 ms−1 .

It then moves with a constant velocity for 5 seconds.

The lift then slows down uniformly, coming to rest after it has been
moving for a total of 12 seconds.

(a) Sketch a velocity – time graph for the motion of the lift.
 (b) Calculate the total distance travelled by the lift.

9. A vehicle travels along a straight horizontal road. As it passes point A

with speed 10 ms−1, it accelerates at a constant rate for 21 seconds
until it reaches a speed of 24 ms−1. It then travels at this constant
speed of 24 ms−1 for T seconds before decelerating at a uniform rate,
coming to rest at a point B. The time taken to decelerate to rest is 16
seconds.

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the vehicle.

(b) Determine the distance taken for the vehicle to decelerate to rest.

(c) Draw a sketch of the velocity – time graph for the motion of the
vehicle between A and B.

(d) Given that the distance between A and B is 1 149 m, find the value
of T.

10. A vehicle moves along a straight horizontal road. At time t = 0 s, the vehicle passes a
point A and is moving with a speed of 20 ms−1. It continues with this constant speed
of 20 ms−1 for 8 s. The vehicle then slows down with uniform deceleration for 10 s so
that at time t = 18 s, the speed of the vehicle is 6 ms−1. This speed is maintained
until the vehicle reaches the point B at time t = 40 s.

(a) Sketch a velocity – time graph for the motion of the vehicle between A and B.

(b) Find the magnitude of the deceleration between t = 8 and t = 18.

(c) Calculate the distance A B.

11. A car is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The car takes 120 s to travel
between two sets of traffic lights which are 2145 m apart. The car starts from rest at
the first set of traffic lights and moves with constant acceleration for 30 s until its
speed is 22 ms−1. The car maintains this speed for T seconds. The car then moves
with constant deceleration, coming to rest at the second set of traffic lights.

(a) Sketch a speed – time graph for the motion of the car between the two sets of
traffic lights.

(b) Find the value of T.

12. A train is travelling at 40 ms−1. As it passes a point A the driver applies the brakes,
producing a constant retardation which reduces the speed of the train to 30 ms−1.
After travelling at 30 ms−1 for 20 s, the train accelerates uniformly to reach a speed of
50 ms−1 at point B. Given that the retardation and acceleration are of the same
magnitude,

(i) sketch a velocity – time graph to illustrate the motion of the train from A to B,

(ii) show that the time taken for retardation is half the time taken for acceleration.

Given also that the distance A B is 1520 m, find the time taken for the train to travel
from A to B.

13. A cyclist freewheels, with a constant acceleration, in a straight line down a slope. As
the cyclist moves 50 metres, his speed increases from 4 ms−1 to 10 ms−1.

(i) Find the acceleration of the cyclist.

(ii) Find the time that it takes the cyclist to travel this distance.

14. In taking off, an aircraft moves on a straight runway A B of length 1.2 km. The aircraft
moves from A with initial speed 2 ms−1. It moves with constant acceleration and 20 s
later it leaves the runway at C with speed 74 ms−1.

Find

(a) the acceleration of the aircraft,

(b) the distance BC .

15. Three posts P, Q and R, are fixed in that order at the side of a straight horizontal
road. The distance from P to Q is 45 m and the distance from Q to R is 120 m. A car is
moving along the road with constant acceleration a ms−2. The speed of the car, as it
passes P, is u ms−1. The car passes Q two seconds after passing P, and the car passes
R four seconds after passing Q.

Find

(i) the value of u,

(ii) the value of a.

16. A train moves along a straight track with constant acceleration. Three telegraph poles
are set at equal intervals beside the track at points A, B and C, where A B = 50 m
and BC = 50 m. The front of the train passes A with speed 22.5 ms−1, and 2 s later it
passes B.

Find

(a) the acceleration of the train,

(b) the speed of the front of the train when it passes C,

(c) the time that elapses from the instant the front of the train passes B to the instant
it passes C.

17. A car moves with constant acceleration along a straight horizontal road. It passes the
point O with speed 12 ms−1. It then passes point A, 4 seconds later, with speed
32 ms−1.

(a) Show that the acceleration of the car is 5 ms−2.

(b) Determine the distance OA.

The point M is the midpoint of OA. Calculate the speed of the car as it passes M. Give
your answer correct to one decimal place.

18. A particle P moves on the x – axis. At time t seconds, its acceleration is

(5 – 2t) ms−2, measured in the direction of x increasing. When t = 0, its velocity is
6 ms−1 measured in the direction of x increasing. Find the time when P is
instantaneously at rest in the subsequent motion.

19. At time t = 0 a particle P leaves the origin O and moves along the x – axis. At time t
seconds the velocity of P is v ms−1, where

v = 8t − t 2

(a) Find the maximum value of v.

(b) Find the time taken for P to return to O.

20. The velocity, v ms−1, of a particle at time t is given by v = 4t 2 − 9.

(i) Find the acceleration of the particle when it is instantaneously at rest.

(ii) Find the distance travelled by the particle from the time t = 0 until it comes to
rest.
21. A particle moves in a straight line from A to B in 5 seconds. At time t seconds after
leaving A, the velocity of the particle is (32t − 3t 2) ms–1.

(i) Calculate the straight – line distance A B.

(ii) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle when t = 3.

22. A particle P moves in a straight line. At time t seconds after passing through a fixed
point O on the line, its velocity is v ms−1 where v = 5 − 2 t . Find

(i) the times at which the speed of P is 1 ms−1.

(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of P when t = 4.

23. The acceleration of a particle P is (8t − 18)ms−2, where t seconds is the time that has
elapsed since P passed through a fixed point O on the straight line on which it is
moving. At time t = 3, P has speed 2 ms−1.

Find

(i) the velocity of P at time t,

(ii) the values of t when P is instantaneously at rest.

24. A particle P moves in a straight line so that its velocity v ms−1 at time t seconds is
8
given, for t ≥ 1, by the formula v = 2t + . Find the time when the acceleration of P
t2
is zero.

4
25. A particle P moves in a straight line with acceleration t − ms−2 at time t seconds,
t2
for t ≥ 1. When t = 2, P is instantaneously at rest.

Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of P when t = 4.

26. A point of light, P, is moving along a straight line in such a way that, t seconds after
passing through a fixed point O on the line, its velocity is v ms−1, where
1 2
v= t − 4t + 10. Calculate
2

(i) the velocity of P 6 seconds after it passes O,

 (ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of P when t = 1,

(iii) the minimum speed of P,

(iv) the distance travelled by P in the fourth second after it passes O.

27. A particle travels in a straight line so that, t seconds after passing a fixed point A on
the line, its acceleration, a ms−2, is given by a = − 2 − 2t. It comes to rest at a point
B when t = 4.

(i) Find the velocity of the particle at A.

(ii) Find the distance A B.

28. A motorcyclist travels on a straight road so that, t seconds after leaving a fixed point,
his velocity, v ms−1, is given by v = 12t − t 2. On reaching his maximum speed at
t = 6, the motorcyclist continues at this speed for another 6 seconds and then comes
to rest with a constant deceleration of 4 ms−2. Find the total distance travelled.

29. A particle moves in a straight line, so that, t seconds after leaving a fixed point O, its
velocity, v ms−1, is given by

v = pt 2 + q t + 4

where p and q are constants. When t = 1 the acceleration of the particle is 8 ms−2.
When t = 2 the displacement of the particle from O is 22 m. Find the value of p and
q.

30. A particle P moves in a straight line so that its displacement s metres from a fixed
point O at time t seconds is given by the formula s = t 3 − 7t 2 + 8t.

(i) Find the values of t when the velocity of P equals zero, and briefly describe what
is happening to P at these times.

(ii) Find the distance travelled by P between the times t = 3 and t = 5.

(iii) Find the value of t when the acceleration of P is −2 ms−2.

 ANSWERS

5
1. (a) 12 mins (b) (i) km /min (ii) 50 km/h (c) 46 km
6

1
2. (a) 45 km/h (b) 1
2
3. (a) 19.5 m (b) 0.75 ms−2

4. (a) 120 m (b) 57.1 ms−1

5. (a) 30 s (b) 400 m (c) 900 m (d) 7.5 ms−1 (e) 1500 m

6. (a) 150 m (b) 3.75 ms−1 (c) 0.4 ms−2

7. (a) 0, 30, 50 (b) 75 (c) 115 (d) 35

8. (a) (b) 17 m

2
9. (a) ms−2 (b) 192 m (c) (d) T = 25
3

10. (a) (b) 1.4 ms−2 (c) 370 m

11. (a) (b) 75

12. (i) (ii) 44 minutes

13. (i) 0.84 (ii) 7.14

14. (a) 3.6 ms−2 (b) 440 m

15. (i) 20 (ii) 2.5

16. (a) 2.5 ms−2 (b) 31.72 ms−1 (c) 1.69 s

17. (a) (b) 88 m (c) 24.2 ms−1

18. t = 6

19. (a) 16 ms−1 (b) t = 12

20.(i) 12 ms−2 (ii) 9 m

21. (i) 275 m (ii) 14 ms−2

22.(i) t = 4 (ii) 0.5 ms−2

23.(i) v = 4t 2 − 18t + 20 (ii) t = 2, 2.5

24.t = 2

25. 5 ms−1

26.(i) 4 ms−1 (ii) 3 ms−2 (iii) 2 ms−1 (iv) 2.17 m

2
27.(i) 24 ms−1 (ii) 58 m
3
28.522 m
3
29.p = , q =5
2
2
30.(i) t = , 4 P is turning around (changing direction) (ii) 10 m (iii) 2
3
 STATISTICS WORKSHEET
1. Here are the ages, in years, of 15 students.
19 18 20 25 37

33 21 17 29 20

42 18 23 37 22

Show this information in an ordered stem and leaf diagram.

2. History examination are as follows
28 33 55 38 42 39 27 48 51 37 57 49 33

Construct a stem and leaf diagram to illustrate the data.

3. Here are the speeds, in miles per hour, of 16 cars.
31 52 43 49 36 35 33 29

54 43 44 46 42 39 55 48

Draw an ordered stem and leaf diagram for these speeds.

4. A camera records the speeds in miles per hour of 15 vehicles on a motor way. The
speeds are given below.
73 67 75 64 52 63 75 81 77 72 68 74
79 72 71

(i) Construct a sorted stem and leaf diagram to represent these data, taking stem
values of 50, 60, …
(ii) State the mode.
(iii) Calculate the mean speed.
5. Here are the weights, in kilograms, of 15 parcels.
1.1 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.1

0.5 3.3 2.0 1.5 2.6

3.5 2.1 0.7 1.2 0.6

(a) Draw a stem and leaf diagram to show this information.

(b) State the mode.
(c) Calculate the mean weight.
6. Jo measured the times in seconds it took 18 students to run 400 m.
Here are the times.
76 78 79 98 96 103
75 85 94 92 61 80
82 86 90 95 90 89
(a) Draw an ordered stem and leaf diagram to show this information.
(b) Work out the median.
7. The pulse rates, in beats per minute, of a random sample of 15 small animals are
shown in the following table.
115 120 158 132 125
104 142 160 145 104
162 117 109 124 134
(i) Draw a stem – and – leaf diagram to represent the data.
(ii) Find the median and the quartiles.
8. Here are the times, in seconds, it took 20 people to run a race.
54 65 68 49 72 74 56 57 66 62
68 48 51 59 66 71 63 60 53 70
(a) Draw an ordered stem and leaf diagram to show this information.
(b) Determine the median and the inter – quartile range.
9. Here are the heights, in cm, of 18 people.
190 168 186 186 158 190 165 184 185
183 154 189 153 183 159 167 177 162
(a) Draw an ordered stem and leaf diagram to show this information.
(b) Determine the median and the inter – quartile range.
10. Here are the masses, in kg, of 15 objects.
2.9 3.5 2.1 3.8 3.7
1.6 3.1 2.4 2.9 1.5
3.5 4.4 1.8 1.8 2.3
(a) Draw an ordered stem and leaf diagram to show this information.
(b) Determine the median and the inter – quartile range.
11. The stem and leaf diagram shows the age comparison in completed years of the
members of a sports club.

Male Female
8 8 7 6 1 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9

7 6 5 5 3 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 5 7 8 8 9 9

9 8 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 7

5 2 1 4 0 1 8

9 0 5 0

Key: 1 | 4 | 0 represents a male aged 41 and a female aged 40

(a) Find the median and interquartile range for the males.

(b) The median and interquartile range for the females are 27 and 15 respectively.
Make two comparisons between the ages of the males and the ages of the females.

12. The lengths of the diagonals in metres of the 9 most popular flat screen TVs and the 9
most popular conventional TVs are shown below.

Flat screen: 0.85 0.94 0.91 0.96 1.04 0.89 1.07 0.92 0.76
 Conventional: 0.69 0.65 0.85 0.77 0.74 0.67 0.71 0.86 0.75

(a) Represent this information on a back-to-back stem and leaf diagram.

(b) Find the median and the interquartile range of the lengths of the 9 conventional
TVs.

13.Some adults and some children each tried to estimate, without using a watch, the
number of seconds that had elapsed in a fixed time – interval. Their estimates are
shown below.

Adults: 55 58 67 74 63 61 63 71 56 53 54 78 73 64 62

Children: 86 95 89 72 61 84 77 92 81 54 43 68 62 67 83

(a) Draw a back – to – back stem – and – leaf diagram to represent the data.

(b) Make two comparisons between the estimates of the adults and the children.

14.The lengths of time in minutes to swim a certain distance by the members of a class of
twelve 9 – year – olds and by the members of a class of eight 16 – year – olds are
shown below.

9 – year -olds: 13.0 16.1 16.0 14.4 15.9 15.1 14.2 13.7 16.7 16.4 15.0
13.2

16 – year – olds: 14.8 13.0 11.4 11.7 16.5 13.7 12.8 12.9

(a) Draw a back – to – back stem -and – leaf diagram to represent the information
above.

(b) A new pupil joined the 16 – year – old class and swam the distance. The mean
time for the class of nine pupils was now 13.6 minutes. Find the new pupil’s time
to swim the distance.

15.The following are the maximum daily wind speeds in kilometres per hour for the first
two weeks in April for two towns, Bronlea and Rogate.

Bronlea 21 45 6 33 27 3 32 14 28 24 13 17 25 22

Rogate 7 5 4 15 23 7 11 13 26 18 23 16 10 34

(a) Draw a back – to – back stem – and – leaf diagram to represent this information.

(b) Write down the median of the maximum wind speeds for Bronlea and find the
interquartile range for Rogate.
 (c) Use your diagram to make one comparison between the maximum wind speeds
in the two towns.

16. The table shows some information about the heights, in cm, of some plants.

Minimum Lower Quartile Median Upper Quartile Maximum

11 28 37 42 51

Draw a box plot for this information.

17.The table shows some information about the weights, in grams, of some potatoes.

Range Lower Quartile Median Upper Quartile Maximum

101 110 132 162 185

Draw a box – and – whisker plot for this information.

18.The times, in seconds, of 15 students running a race are recorded below.

52 54 54 55 58 58 59 60 60 61 61 64 67 70 75
Draw a box plot for this information.
19. The weights of 11 pigs, in kg, are recorded below.

48 55 59 65 69 69 72 74 80 81 91

Draw a box plot for this information.

20.A group of children played a computer game which measured their time in seconds to
perform a certain task. A summary of the times taken by girls and boys in the group is
shown below.

Minimum Lower Median Upper Maximum

quartile quartile
Girls 5 5.5 7 9 13
Boys 4 6 8.5 11 16

On graph paper, draw two box – and – whisker plots in a single diagram to illustrate
the times taken by girls and boys to perform this task.
21. The number of Olympic medals won in the 2012 Olympic Games by the top 27
countries is shown below.

104 88 82 65 44 38 35 34 28

28 18 18 17 17 14 13 13 12

12 10 10 10 9 6 5 2 2

(a) Draw a stem – and – leaf diagram to illustrate the data.

(b) Find the median and quartiles and draw a box – and – whisker plot on the grid.

22.The marks of the pupils in a certain class in a History examination are as follows

28 33 55 38 42 39 27 48 51 37 57 49 33

The marks of the pupils in a Physics examination are summarised as follows.

Lower quartile: 28, Median: 39,

Upper quartile: 67.

The lowest mark was 17 and the highest was 74

(a) Draw box and whisker plots in a single diagram on graph paper to illustrate the
marks for History and Physics.

(b) State one difference, which can be seen from the diagram, between the marks for
History and Physics.

23.The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the annual salaries of a

group of 39 females and 39 males.

Find the median and the quartiles of the females’ salaries.

 You are given that the median salary of the males is $24 000, the lower quartile is $22
600 and the upper quartile is $25 300.

Represent the data by means of a pair of box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram on

graph paper.

24.The following back – to – back stem – and – leaf diagram shows the cholesterol count
for a group of 45 people who exercise daily and for another group of 63 who do not
exercise. The figures in brackets show the number of people corresponding to each set
of leaves.

(a) Give one useful feature of a stem-and-leaf diagram.

(b) Find the median and the quartiles of the cholesterol count for the group who do
not exercise.

(c) You are given that the lower quartile, median and upper quartile of the
cholesterol count for the group who exercise are 4.25, 5.3 and 6.6 respectively.

On a single diagram on graph paper, draw two box-and-whisker plots to illustrate

the data.
25.A library has many identical shelves. All the shelves are full and the number of books
on each shelf in Section A and Section B are summarised by the following back – to –
back stem – and – leaf diagram.

Section A Section B

(13) 9 7 6 6 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 2

(15) 2 81 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 3 2 1 3 3 6 9 9 (4)

(8) 1 0 9 8 7 7 5 3 2 2 4 6 7 (2)

5 0 1 2 2 (4)

6 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 (20
8 9 )(12)
7 1 1 3 3 3 5 6 6 7 8 9 9
8 0 2 4 5 5 6 8 (7)

9 0 0 1 2 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 (18)
9 9
Key: 2 | 3 | 6 represents 32 books in Section A and 36 books in Section B

(a) Find the number of shelves in each section of the library.

(b) Draw, on a single diagram, box and whisker plots to represent the data.

(c) There are fewer books in section A than in section B. State one other difference
between the books in these two sections.

26.Comment on the shape of the following distributions.

(b)
(a)

(c)

(d)

(e)
27.Alice carries out a survey of the 28 students in her class to find how many text
messages each sent on the previous day. Her results are shown in the stem and leaf
diagram.

0 0 0 1 1 3 5 7 7 7 8 8

1 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 6 9

2 0 1 3 3 7

3 5 7

5 8

Key: 2 | 3 represents 23

(a) Find the mode and median of the number of text messages.

(b) Identify the type of skewness of the distribution.

(c) The mean number of text messages is 14.75. If each text message costs $0.30,
find the total cost of all of these messages.

28.The times taken, in minutes, by 80 people to complete a crossword puzzle are

summarised by the box and whisker plot below.

(a) Write down the range and interquartile range of the times.

(b) Describe the shape of the distribution of the times.

29.For a project, a student asked 40 people to draw two straight lines with what they
thought was an angle of 75° between them, using just a ruler and a pencil. She then
measured the size of the angles that had been drawn and her data are summarised in
this stem and leaf diagram.
 (a) Find the median and quartiles of these data.

(b) Given that any values of the limits Q1 − 1.5(Q3 − Q1) and Q3 + 1.5(Q3 − Q1)
are to be regarded as outliers,

(i) Determine if there are any outliers in these data.

(ii)Describe the skewness of the distribution and suggest a reason for it.

30.Each child in class 3A was given a packet of seeds to plant. The stem and leaf diagram
below shows how many seedlings were visible in each child’s tray one week after
planting.

(a) Find the median and interquartile range for these data.

(b) Use the quartiles to describe the skewness of the data. Show your method clearly.

31.Determine the mean and standard deviation of the following set of data.

62 20 65 27
32.Rachel measures the lengths in millimetres of some of the leaves on a tree. Her results
are recorded below.

32 35 45 37 38 44 33 39 36 45

Find the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of these leaves.

33.The 5 numbers in the set 2, 12, 8, 3, x have a mean of 6. Find

(a) the value of x,

(b) the variance of the 5 numbers.

34.The number of times the letter z occurs on a page of a 300 – page novel was noted for
each page and the results are given in the following table.

Number of z’s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
on a page
Frequency 138 95 40 17 9 0 0 0 1

Calculate the mean and standard deviation of z’s on the page.

35.The speeds, to the nearest mph, of 120 vehicles passing a check point were recorded
and are grouped in the table below.

Speed (mph) 21 – 25 26 – 30 31 – 35 36 – 45 46 – 60

Number of vehicles 22 48 25 16 9

Estimate the mean and variance of this distribution.

36.The stem and leaf diagram shows the masses, in grams, of 23 plums, measured correct
to the nearest gram.

5 5 6 7 8 8 9

6 1 2 3 5 6 8 9

7 0 0 2 4 5 6 7 8

8 0

9 7

Key: 6 | 2 means 62
 (a) Find the median and interquartile range of these masses.

(b) James wished to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the given data. He
first subtracted 5 from each of the digits to the left of the line in the stem and leaf
diagram, giving the following.

0 5 6 7 8 8 9

1 1 2 3 5 6 8 9

2 0 0 2 4 5 6 7 8

3 0

4 7

Key: 1 | 2 means 12

The mean and standard deviation of the data in this diagram are 18.1 and 9.7
respectively, correct to 1 decimal place. Write down the mean and standard
deviation of the data in the original diagram.

ANSWERS

1. Key: 3|7 means 37

2. Key: 2|7 means 27

3. Key: 4|3 means 43

4. (i) Key: 7|2 means 72 (ii) 72, 75 (iii) 70.87

5. (a) Key: 0|6 means 0.6 (b) 1.1, 2.0 (c) 1.66

6. (a) Key: 9|0 means 90 (b) 87.5

7. (i) Key: 10|9 means 109 (ii) Median – 125, LQ – 115, UQ – 145

8. (a) Key: 5|1 means 51 (b) median – 62.5, IQR – 13

9. (a) Key: 17|7 means 177 (b) median – 180, IQR – 24

10. (a) Key 1|5 means 1.5 (b) median – 2.9, IQR – 1.7

11. (i) Median is 26.5, IQR – 17

(ii) The spread of the males is greater than that of the females. The averages/
overall/medians are similar.
12. (i) (ii) Median – 0.74, IQR - 0.13

13. (i) Key: 3|5|4 means 53 seconds for adults and 54 seconds for
children

(ii) Children’s estimates more spread out. Adults estimates lower.

14. (a) Key: 7|13|2 means 13.7 minutes for 16 yr olds and 13.2
minutes for 9 yr olds (b) 15.6

15. (a) Key: 3|1|5 means 13 kph for Bronlea and 15 kph
for Rogate

(b) median – 23, IQR 16 (c) Rogate is less windy than Bronlea

16.

17.
18.

19.

20.

21.

22. (i) (ii) Physics marks are more spread than out than
History
23. (i) median - $22 700 (ii)

24. (a) shows all the data (b) LQ – 5.4, median – 6.5, UQ – 8.3

(c)

25. (a) There are 36 shelves in Section A and 67 shelves in Section B.

(b)

(c) The books in Section A may be larger than those in Section B.

26. (A) Positively skewed (B) Symmetric (C) Negatively skewed (D) Symmetric
(E) Symmetric

27. (a) Mode is 7 and the median is 12.5 (b) Positively skewed (c) $123.90

28. (a) Range – 40, IQR – 9 (b) Positively skewed

29. (a) Q1 = 63°, Q2 = 71.5°, Q3 = 77° (b) (i) 41 is an outlier (ii) negatively skewed.

30. (a) median 29, IQR 11 (b) Q2 − Q1 > Q3 − Q2 → positively skewed

31. Mean=39.8, s.d = 19.51

32. Mean = 38.4, s.d = 4.57

33. (a) 5 (b) 13.2

34. Mean = 0.9, s.d = 1.12

 2
35. Mean = 31 , var = 64.06
3
36. (a) median = 68, IQR = 16 (ii) mean = 68.1, s.d = 9.7
 PROBABILITY WORKSHEET
1. Two unbiased spinners are used in a game. One spinner is numbered from 1 to 6 and
the other is numbered from 1 to 3. The scores on each spinner are multiplied together.
The table below shows the possible outcomes.

First Spinner
1 2 3 4 5 6

Second 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 2 4 6 8 10 12
Spinner
3 3 6 9 12 15 18

(a) Find the probability that the outcome is even.

(b) When the outcome is even, find the probability that it is also greater than 11.

2. The table shows all the possible products of the scores on two fair four-sided dice.

Find the probability that the product of the two scores is less than 10.

3. Tetrahedral dice have four faces. Two fair tetrahedral dice, one red and one blue, have
faces numbered 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The dice are rolled and the numbers face
down on the two dice are recorded. The random variable R is the score on the red die
and the random variable B is the score on the blue die.

(a) Find P(R = 3 and B = 0)

The random variable T is R multiplied by B.

(b) Complete the diagram below to represent the sample space that shows all the
possible values of T.
 The table below represents the probability distribution of the random variable T.

t 0 1 2 3 4 6 9

P(T = t) a b 1 1 c 1 d
8 8 8

(c) Find the values of a, b, c and d.

4. The lowest common multiple of two integers, x and y, is the smallest positive integer
which is a multiple of both x and y. So, for example, the lowest common multiple of 4
and 6 is 12.

(i) Complete the table below giving the lowest common multiples of all pairs of
integers between 1 and 6.

Two fair dice are thrown and the lowest common multiple of two scores is found.

(ii) Use the table to find the probabilities of the following events.

(a) The lowest common multiple is greater than 6.

(b) The lowest common multiple is a multiple of 5.

(c) The lowest common multiple is both greater than 6 and a multiple of 5.
5. A fair die has six faces numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 and 3. The die is rolled twice and the
number showing on the uppermost face is recorded each time. Find the probability
that the sum of the two numbers recorded is at least 5.

6. Draw tree diagrams to illustrate the following cases.

(a) On a randomly chosen day the probability that Ryan travels to school by car, by
1 1 1
bicycle or on foot is, , respectively. The probability of being late when
2 6 3
1 2 1
using these methods of travel is , and respectively.
5 5 10

(b) A jar contains 2 red, 1 blue and 1 green bead. Two beads are drawn at random
from the jar without replacement.

(c) In a factory, machines A, B and C are all producing metal rods of the same
length. Machine A produces 35% of the rods, machine B produces 25% and the
rest are produced by machine C. Of their production of rods, machines A, B and
C produce 3%, 6% and 5% defective rods respectively.

(d) A company assembles drills using components from two sources. Goodbuy
supplies 85% of the components and Amart supplies the rest. It is known that 3%
of the components supplied by Goodbuy are faulty and 6% of those supplied by
Amart are faulty.

7. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 8 blue marbles and 3 green marbles. Calculate the
probability of drawing

(i) red or blue

(ii) red or green

(iii) green or blue

8. According to the results of an Additional Mathematics SBA, the colour distribution for
a package of Milk Chocolate is 24% blue, 14% brown, 15% green, 20% orange, 13% red
and 14% yellow. Calculate the probability of randomly selecting

(i) red or blue,

(ii) orange or brown,

(iii) brown, blue or red,

(iv) blue, green or yellow.

9. A bag contains 24 discs. 10 discs are red, 9 discs are green and 5 discs are yellow. A
disc is chosen at random. Find the probability of each of the following events.

(i) the disc is red

(ii) the disc is red or yellow,

(iii) the disc is not yellow.

10. A school has 90 students in Form 5, all of which study either Music or Art. 54 students
study Music and 42 students study Art. What is the probability that a student chosen
at random studies both Music and Art?

11. In a class of 37 students, all of the students play either football or cricket. If 24
students play football and 18 students play cricket, determine the probability that a
student chosen at random plays both cricket and football.

12. If a fair 6 – sided die is rolled, what is the probability of obtaining a number more than
3 or an even number?

13. If a playing card is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is King or a Heart?

14. In a survey, it was revealed that 48% of students own a cellular phone, 36% own a
digital camera. Additionally, 18% own both a cellular phone and a digital camera.

Determine the probability that a student chosen at random from the sample owns
NEITHER a cellular phone or a digital camera?

15. In a group of 55 students,

31 students passed French,

20 students passed Spanish

13 students passed neither French nor Spanish

If a student is chosen at random, determine the probability that the student passed

(i) both French and Spanish

(ii) Spanish only

16. The 32 members of a sports club play either lawn tennis or golf. 23 members play lawn
tennis and 15 play golf. What is the probability that a member chosen at random plays

(i) tennis given that he or she plays golf,

(ii) golf given that he or she plays tennis.

17. A supermarket has a large stock of eggs. 40% of the stock is from a firm called
Sunshine Eggs. 12% of the stock is brown eggs from Sunshine Eggs.
 An egg is chosen at random from the stock. Calculate the probability that

(i) this egg is brown, given that it is from Sunshine Eggs,

(ii) this egg is from Sunshine Eggs and is not brown.

18. The table shows the number of male and female members of a vintage car club who
own either Jaguar or a Bentley. No member owns both makes of car.

Male Female
Jaguar 25 15
Bentley 12 8

One member is chosen at random from these 60 members.

(i) Given that this member is male, find the probability that he owns a Jaguar.

Now two members are chosen at random from the 60 members, they are chosen one
at a time, without replacement.

(ii) Given that the first one of these members is female, find the probability that
both own Jaguars.

19. Joel buys a box of second-hand Jazz and Blues CDs at a car boot sale. In the box there
are 30 CDs, 8 of which were recorded live. 16 of the CDs are predominantly Jazz and
13 of these were recorded in the studio. This information is shown in the following
table.

Studio Live Total

Jazz 13 16
Blues
Total 8 30

(a) Copy and complete the table above.

Joel picks a CD at random to play first.

Find the probability that it is

(b) a Blues CD that was recorded live,

(c) a Jazz CD, given that it was recorded in the studio.

 20.In a study of 120 pet-owners it was found that 57 owned at least one dog and of these
16 also owned at least one cat. There were 35 people in the group who didn’t own any
cats or dogs.

As an incentive to take part in the study, one participant is chosen at random to win a
year’s free supply of pet food.

Find the probability that the winner of this prize

(a) owns a dog but does not own a cat,

(b) owns a cat,

(c) does not own a cat given that they do not own a dog.

21. The events A and B are such that

7 1 2
P(A) = , P(A ∩ B ) = and P(A B ) =
12 4 3

Find
(a) P(B ) (b) P(A ∪ B ) (c) P(B A′)
1 1
22. A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = and P(A ∩ B ) = . Find
3 4

(i) P(B )

(ii) P(A ∪ B )

23.The events A and B are such that

P(A) = 0.25, P(A ∪ B ) = 0.4

Evaluate P(B ) when

(a) A, B are mutually exclusive

(b) A, B are independent.

24.The events A and B are such that

P(A) = 0.3, P(B ) = 0.4, P(A ∪ B ) = 0.5

(a) Determine whether or not A and B are independent.

(b) Evaluate P(A B′).

25.The events A and B are such that



 P(A) = 0.2 and P(A ∪ B ) = 0.6

Find

(a) P(A′ ∩ B′)

(b) P(A′ ∩ B )

Given also that events A and B are independent, find

(c) P(B )

(d) P(A′ ∪ B′)

26.The events A and B are such that

5 1 1
P(A) = , P(B ) = and P(A B ) =
16 2 4

Find

(a) P(A ∩ B )

(b) P(B′ A)

(c) P(A′ ∪ B )

(d) Determine, with a reason, whether or not the events A and B are independent.

27.The events A and B are such that

P(A) = 0.5, P(B ) = 0.42 and P(A ∪ B ) = 0.76

Find

(a) P(A ∩ B )

(b) P(A′ ∪ B )

(c) P(B A′)

(d) Show that events A and B are not independent.

28.Events A and B are independent.










 Given also that

3 1
P(A) = and P(A ∩ B′) =
4 4

Find

(a) P(A ∩ B )

(b) P(B )

(c) P(A′ ∩ B′)

29.The probability that Ajita gets up before 6.30 am in the morning is 0.7

The probability that she goes for a run in the morning is 0.35

The probability that Ajita gets up after 6.30 am and does not go for a run is 0.22

Let A represent the event that Ajita gets up before 6.30 am and B represent the event
that she goes for a run in the morning.

Find

(a) P(A ∪ B )

(b) P(A ∩ B′)

(c) P(B A)

(d) State, with a reason, whether or not events A and B are independent.

30.The events A and B are independent and such that

1
P(A) = 2P(B ) and P(A ∩ B ) =
8

1
(a) Show that P(B ) = .
4

(b) Find P(A ∪ B )

(c) Find P(A B′)






31. Steve is going on holiday. The probability that he is delayed on his outward flight is
0.3. The probability that he is delayed on his return flight is 0.2, independently of
whether or not he is delayed on the outward flight.

(i) Find the probability that Steve is delayed on his outward flight but not on his
return flight.

(ii) Find the probability that he is delayed on at least one of the two flights.

(iii) Given that he is delayed on at least one flight, find the probability that he is
delayed on both flights.

32.Laura frequently flies to business meetings and often finds that her flights are delayed.
A flight may be delayed due to technical problems, weather problems or congestion
problems, with probabilities 0.2, 0.15 and 0.1 respectively. The tree diagram shows
this information.

(i) Write down the values of the probabilities a, b and c shown in the tree diagram.

One of Laura’s flights is selected at random.

(ii) Find the probability that Laura’s flight is not delayed and hence write down the
probability that it is delayed.

(iii) Find the probability that Laura’s flight is delayed due to just one of the three
problems.

(iv) Given that Laura’s flight is delayed, find the probability that the delay is due to
just one of the three problems.

(v) Given that Laura’s flight has no technical problems, find the probability that it is
delayed.
33.An environmental health officer monitors the air pollution level in a city street. Each
day the level of pollution is classified as low, medium or high. The probabilities of each
level of pollution on a randomly chosen day are as given in the table.

Pollution Level Low Medium High

Probability 0.5 0.35 0.15

Three days are chosen at random. Find the probability that the pollution level is

(A) low on all 3 days,

(B) low on at least one day,

(C) low on one day, medium on another day, and high on the other day.

34.At a garden centre there is a box containing 50 hyacinth bulbs. Of these, 30 will
produce a blue flower and the remaining 20 will produce a red flower. Unfortunately,
they have become mixed together so that it is not known which of the bulbs will
produce a blue flower and which will produce a red flower.

Karen buys 3 of these bulbs.

(i) Find the probability that all 3 of these bulbs will produce blue flowers.

(ii) Find the probability that Karen will have at least one flower of each colour from
her 3 bulbs.

35.Andy can walk to work, travel by bike or travel by bus. The tree diagram shows the
probabilities of any day being dry or
wet and the corresponding
probabilities for each of Andy’s
methods of travel.

A day is selected at random. Find

the probability that

(i) the weather is wet and Andy

travels by bus,

(ii) Andy walks or travels by bike,

(iii) the weather is dry given that Andy walks or travels by bike.
36.In a large town, 79% of the population were
born in England, 20% in the rest of the UK
and the remaining 1% overseas. Two people
are selected at random.

You may use the tree diagram in answering

this question.

(i) Find the probability that

(a) both of these people were born in

the rest of the UK,

(b) at least one of these people was

born in England,

(c) neither of these people was born overseas.

(ii) Find the probability that both of these people were born in the rest of the UK
given that neither was born overseas.

37.It has been estimated that 90% of paintings offered for sale at a particular auction
house are genuine, and that the other 10% are fakes. The auction house has a test to
determine whether or not a given painting is genuine. If this test gives a positive
result, it suggests that the painting is genuine. A negative result suggests that the
painting is a fake.

If a painting is genuine, the probability that the test result is positive is 0.95.

If a painting is a fake, the probability that the test result is positive is 0.2.

(i) Copy and complete the probability tree diagram below, to illustrate the
information above.
 Calculate the probabilities of the following events.

(ii) The test gives a positive result.

(iii) The test gives a correct result.

(iv) The painting is genuine, given a positive result.

(v) The painting is a fake, given a negative result.

38.A screening test for a particular disease is applied to everyone in a large population.
The test classifies people into three groups: ‘positive’, ‘doubtful’ and ‘negative’. Of the
population, 3% is classified as positive, 6% as doubtful and the rest negative.

In fact, of the people who test positive, only 95% have the disease. Of the people who
test doubtful, 10% have the disease. Of the people who test negative, 1% actually have
the disease.

People who do not have the disease are described as ‘clear’.

(i) Copy and complete the tree diagram to show this information.

(ii) Find the probability that a randomly selected person tests negative and is clear.

(iii) Find the probability that a randomly selected person has the disease.

(iv) Find the probability that a randomly selected person tests negative given that the
person has the disease.
39.A jar contains 2 red, 1 blue and 1 green bead. Two beads are drawn at random from the
jar without replacement.

Find the probability that a blue bead and a green bead are drawn from the jar.

40.A bottle of sweets contains 13 red sweets, 13 blue sweets, 13 green sweets and 13
yellow sweets. 3 sweets are selected at random. Find the probability that all of them
are red.

41. A bag contains 9 blue balls and 3 red balls. A ball is selected at random from the bag
and its colour is recorded. The ball is not replaced. A second ball is selected at random
and its colour is recorded.

Find the probability that

(a) the second ball selected is red,

(b) both balls are red, given that the second ball selected is red.

42.Jane buys 5 jam doughnuts, 4 cream doughnuts and 3 plain doughnuts.

On arrival home, each of her three children eats one of the twelve doughnuts. The
different kinds of doughnut are indistinguishable by sight and so selection of
doughnuts is random.

Calculate the probabilities of the following events.

(i) All 3 doughnuts eaten contain jam.

(ii) All 3 doughnuts are of the same kind.

(iii) The 3 doughnuts are all of a different kind.

(iv) The 3 doughnuts contain jam, given that they are all of the same kind.

43.A bag contains 6 white discs and 4 blue discs. Discs are removed at random, one at a
time, without replacement. Find the probability that

(a) the second disc is blue, given that the first disc was blue.

(b) the second disc is blue,

(c) the third disc is blue, given that the first disc was blue.
44.A box contains 10 milk chocolates and 8 dark chocolates. Connor takes two chocolates
at random. Find the probability Connor takes

(a) Two dark chocolates

(b) One milk chocolate and one dark chocolate.

45.A bag contains 10 blue counters, 8 red counters and 6 green counters. Two counters
are removed from the bag at random. Find the probability that the two counters
removed are:

(a) both red

(b) different colours

46.A bag contains 5 black discs and 3 red discs. A disc is selected at random from the bag.
If it is red it is replaced in the bag. If it is black, it is not replaced. A second disc is now
selected at random from the bag.

Find the probability that

(i) the second disc is black, given that the first disc was black,

(ii) the second disc is black,

(iii) the two discs are of different colours.

47.A bag contains 5 red discs and 1 black disc. Tina takes two discs from the bag at
random without replacement.

(i) Find the probability that exactly one of the two discs is red.

All the discs are replaced in the bag. Tony now takes three discs from the bag at
random without replacement.

(ii) Given that the first disc Tony takes is red, find the probability that the third disc
Tony takes is also red.

ANSWERS

2 1
1. (a) (b)
3 4
 13
2.
16

1 7 1
3. (a) (b) (c) a = , b =c =d =
16 16 16

1 11 2
4. (i) (ii) (a) (b) (c)
3 36 9

7
5.
12

6. (a) (b)
 (c) (d)

13 1 11
7. (i) (ii) (iii)
16 2 16
8. (i) 37% (ii) 34% (iii) 51% (iv) 53%
5 5 19
9. (i) (ii) (iii)
12 8 24
1
10.
15
5
11.
37
2
12.
3
4
13.
13
14. 34%
9 1
15. (i) (ii)
55 5
2 6
16. (i) (ii)
5 23
3
17. (i) (ii) 0.28
10
25 585
18. (i) (ii)
37 1357

1 13
19. (a) (b) (c)
6 22
41 11 5
20.(a) (b) (c)
120 30 9
 3 17 3
21. (a) (b) (c)
8 24 10
3 5
22.(i) (ii)
4 6
23.(a) 0.15 (b) 0.2

1
24.(a) Not independent (b)
6
25.(a) 0.4 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.9

1 3 13
26.(a) (b) (c) (d) P(A) × P(B ) ≠ P( ∩ B ) ∴ not independent
8 5 16

27.(a) 0.16 (b) 0.66 (c) 0.52 (d) P(A) × P(B ) ≠ P(A ∩ B )

1 2 1
28.(a) (b) (c)
2 3 12

29.(a) 0.78 (b) 0.43 (c) 0.386 (d) not independent P(B A) ≠ P(B )

5 1
30.(a) (b) (c)
8 2
31. (i) 0.24 (ii) 0.44 (iii) 0.136

32.(i) a = 0.8, b = 0.85, c = 0.9 (ii) 0.388 (iii) 0.329 (iv) 0.848 (v) 0.235

1
33.(A) (B) 0.875 (C) 0.1575
8
36
34.(i) 0.2071 (ii)
49
35.(i) 0.28 (ii) 0.66 (iii) 0.818

36.(i) (A) 0.4 (B) 0.9559 (C) 0.9801 (ii) 0.0408

37.(i) (ii) 0.875 (iii) 0.935 (iv) 0.977 (v) 0.64

38.(i) (ii) 0.9009 (iii) 0.0436 (iv) 0.2087

 1
39.
6
11
40.
850
1 2
41. (a) (b)
4 11
1 3 3 2
42.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
22 44 11 3
1 2 1
43.(a) (b) (c)
3 5 3
28 80
44.(a) (b)
153 153
7 47
45.(a) (b)
69 69
4 265 225
46.(i) (ii) (iii)
7 448 448
1 4
47.(i) (ii)
3 5