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OOPS-FEATURE-PPT-9

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, emphasizing the use of objects to model real-world entities. Key concepts include classes, objects, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, and message passing. The document also highlights the differences between OOP and procedural programming (POP).

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itsakash316
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18 views15 pages

OOPS-FEATURE-PPT-9

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, emphasizing the use of objects to model real-world entities. Key concepts include classes, objects, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, and message passing. The document also highlights the differences between OOP and procedural programming (POP).

Uploaded by

itsakash316
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OOPS CONCEPT

PRESENTED BY-
ANJALI SONA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION

 As the name suggests, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages


that use objects in programming. Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-
world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc in programming. The main aim of
OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other
part of the code can access this data except that function.
 OOPs Concepts:
Class
Objects
Data Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Dynamic Binding
Message Passing
FEATURES OF OOPS
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN OOP AND POP
1. Class:

 A class is a user-defined data type. It consists of data members and


member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an
instance of that class. It represents the set of properties or methods that are
common to all objects of one type. A class is like a blueprint for an object.
 For Example: Consider the Class of Cars. There may be many cars with
different names and brands but all of them will share some common
properties like all of them will have 4 wheels, Speed Limit, Mileage
range, etc. So here, Car is the class, and wheels, speed limits, mileage are
their properties.
2. Object:

 It is a basic unit of Object-Oriented Programming and represents the real-


life entities. An Object is an instance of a Class. When a class is defined, no
memory is allocated but when it is instantiated (i.e. an object is created)
memory is allocated. An object has an identity, state, and behavior. Each
object contains data and code to manipulate the data. Objects can
interact without having to know details of each other’s data or code, it is
sufficient to know the type of message accepted and type of response
returned by the objects.
 For example “Dog” is a real-life Object, which has some characteristics like
color, Breed, Bark, Sleep, and Eats.
3. Data Abstraction:

 Data abstraction is one of the most essential and important features of


object-oriented programming. Data abstraction refers to providing only
essential information about the data to the outside world, hiding the
background details or implementation. Consider a real-life example of a
man driving a car. The man only knows that pressing the accelerators will
increase the speed of the car or applying brakes will stop the car, but he
does not know about how on pressing the accelerator the speed is
increasing, he does not know about the inner mechanism of the car or the
implementation of the accelerator, brakes, etc in the car. This is what
abstraction is.
4. Encapsulation

 Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit. It is


the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates. In
Encapsulation, the variables or data of a class are hidden from any other
class and can be accessed only through any member function of their
class in which they are declared. As in encapsulation, the data in a class is
hidden from other classes, so it is also known as data-hiding.
Encapsulation

 Consider a real-life example of encapsulation, in a company, there are


different sections like the accounts section, finance section, sales section,
etc. The finance section handles all the financial transactions and keeps
records of all the data related to finance. Similarly, the sales section
handles all the sales-related activities and keeps records of all the sales.
Now there may arise a situation when for some reason an official from the
finance section needs all the data about sales in a particular month. In this
case, he is not allowed to directly access the data of the sales section. He
will first have to contact some other officer in the sales section and then
request him to give the particular data. This is what encapsulation is. Here
the data of the sales section and the employees that can manipulate them
are wrapped under a single name “sales section”.
5. Inheritance:

 Inheritance is an important pillar of OOP(Object-Oriented Programming).


The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from
another class is called Inheritance. When we write a class, we inherit
properties from other classes. So when we create a class, we do not need
to write all the properties and functions again and again, as these can be
inherited from another class that possesses it. Inheritance allows the user to
reuse the code whenever possible and reduce its redundancy.
TYPES OF INHERITANCE
6. Polymorphism:

 The word polymorphism means having many forms. In simple words, we can
define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more
than one form. For example, A person at the same time can have different
characteristics. Like a man at the same time is a father, a husband, an
employee. So the same person posses different behavior in different
situations. This is called polymorphism.
7.Dynamic Binding:

 In dynamic binding, the code to be executed in response to function call


is decided at runtime. C++ has virtual functions to support this.
8.Message Passing:

 Objects communicate with one another by sending and receiving


information to each other. A message for an object is a request for
execution of a procedure and therefore will invoke a function in the
receiving object that generates the desired results. Message passing
involves specifying the name of the object, the name of the function and
the information to be sent.
Thank you

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