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Internal_Resistance_EMF_Physics_Project

The document outlines a project aimed at studying the factors affecting the internal resistance and EMF of a cell. It includes sections on objectives, theory, apparatus, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and conclusions. The experiment successfully determined the internal resistance and EMF through voltage-current relationships, confirming the validity of the method used.

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mansipr008
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4 views

Internal_Resistance_EMF_Physics_Project

The document outlines a project aimed at studying the factors affecting the internal resistance and EMF of a cell. It includes sections on objectives, theory, apparatus, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and conclusions. The experiment successfully determined the internal resistance and EMF through voltage-current relationships, confirming the validity of the method used.

Uploaded by

mansipr008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To Study Various Factors on Which the

Internal Resistance/EMF of a Cell


Depends
Name: ______________________

Roll Number: ________________

Class / Section: _____________

School / College: _____________

Subject: Physics

Teacher’s Name: _____________

Date of Submission: __________


Certificate
This is to certify that the project titled “To Study Various Factors on Which the Internal
Resistance/EMF of a Cell Depends” has been completed by ______________________, Roll Number
____________, under my guidance and supervision. This project is submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the Physics curriculum.

Signature of the Student Signature of the Teacher

Date: __________
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics teacher for their valuable
guidance and support throughout the completion of this project. I would also like to thank
my classmates and family for their encouragement and help.
Objective
To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.

Introduction
The internal resistance of a cell is the opposition within the cell to the flow of electric
current. EMF or Electromotive Force is the total voltage the cell can provide when no
current flows. When current flows, the voltage across the terminals drops due to internal
resistance. This experiment aims to study the variation of terminal voltage with current and
determine the internal resistance and EMF of a cell.

Theory
EMF (E) is the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a cell when no
current is drawn from it. Internal resistance (r) is the resistance within the cell. When
current (I) flows through a circuit, the terminal voltage (V) is given by:

V = E - Ir

Where V is the terminal voltage, E is the EMF, I is the current, and r is the internal
resistance.

Apparatus Required
- Cell (battery)
- Voltmeter
- Ammeter
- Variable resistor (rheostat)
- Key (switch)
- Connecting wires
- Graph paper

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. Adjust the variable resistor to change the current in the circuit.
3. Record the values of current (I) and the corresponding terminal voltage (V).
4. Repeat the procedure for different values of current.
5. Plot a graph between V and I.
6. From the graph, determine the EMF (intercept) and internal resistance (slope).
Observations & Calculations
Sample Observation Table:

| S. No. | Current (I) in A | Voltage (V) in V |


|--------|------------------|------------------|
| 1 | | |
| 2 | | |
| 3 | | |
| 4 | | |
| 5 | | |

Result
From the graph:
- EMF (E) of the cell = ______ V
- Internal resistance (r) of the cell = ______ Ω

Precautions
- Use instruments of appropriate range and accuracy.
- Ensure all connections are tight and correct.
- Record observations quickly to reduce heating effects.

Conclusion
The experiment was successfully conducted. The internal resistance and EMF of the cell
were determined using the voltage-current relation. The values obtained are within
expected range, confirming the validity of the method used.

Viva Questions
1. What is EMF?
2. What is internal resistance?
3. How do you determine EMF from the V-I graph?
4. What is the relation between terminal voltage and current?
5. Why does terminal voltage decrease when current increases?

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