MoDULE- 4

CONTINUOUS SYSTEM

Thee aNe systoms suh as bams, cablus, hods ce., whic

have ther mas Gmd clasticity distibuded conthinuousy
tthouhout the engt . Such sygtems
wmkinuous ytems he vibvato nyy motiens of such
taysms ase duseibed by Spau and time amd poahial
thc
aiffurenbial quakion
consist ot mamy constants
Pabal difrenbal eaations contbows amd
whicu cam be ddemied from bondomy
tnit'al condi bons.

Conhinuumm
Gubste or matuia
A Combinm Can be thoud of as
dicibuted comtinuowsy thoudout qpae, katinuw
that is
tham being comgozd at deapte pastices.
vcobias tn a continuum is
The behaviows

desenibed by pantia difuental quation (pDE)

pially
the wBve cqucbon os the cqabon ot
Sucw as

thee cauatios , we
about vubical odes, fsunas ,Amd otu
Chanactuieics Thismovledg i's vscu in vanious fidds
ing acowbes ssmology
ctauchsal ngineing
imeudimg matuiad sciee , s it alows to udict and mdustat
bhavion ot aoraimg ytems.
 amd
tano,
displacement, small ven tor
tame Slope,
thoughvot Constant Aemains tennon
T the vabrabon
string amplituds
af small vn afor thataSSUmed is t
vibrabom: laterl inrina fg:
Tsine
Tose
T
Tsime
shown
in as
tmionT mdevibrations tromsvene having
p
string Vibabon
a of hatad
Reseving the temicon T along y-anis.
Tsin D, - Tsime, mass x accerai o

t2.

>a',
Let

a? .

This is ome- dimensional wave cauatiow fo4 lateal

wwe equator,
The

of the vaniahes t
 ha
fos anbitay constamt, tt mbe edved
bondony and nital
nital Condibons
assune hat the hamomie mode of vibration a's e
is
mdomped: Thus soutiow can be waitteM ag

yla,t) x(a) T)
and x(a) Acos

TE) = Cospt t D simpt

1. he ymeral outon Cam be waiten as.

Hure p’ is the 4reayeny a vibaton

NB:
Sa) si

Sin

wh s(a) ’ displawment
Veoity
 6

Longibndind Vebratons of a Bar

het ws considu tin amd miom ba fos lomgibtinal víbraba
as how
td

>utdt

w is the displacement at a distame a

buomes Wt Gu t at A diste

t e clement da has chomged its poetie

The train g te clement is qivem by

het A CA0s5-shonal ar ot t e b

mods of easticity ef te mateial.

duniy o the matvial
- fore acmg onially o th ba
Net fore aching
acbn omon the clement,
: mass x acceleraion

dm x du

We mow that,
A

Gtrcss

EA

to Hookes Law,
Aeuonding
Stses
Stran
 E at.

ut

a2 t.

Wane

Bhe fpievious
paeviows casc
atual vbvakioms.
i tthe qenenal saubom
Dcos pt)

Tonsiomat (doatiom ot a Umifom Shaqt:

lengt put to tosnonal
t of mifon <hat ts's put
vóorabioms Amd it is aAsumedthat the distorsion o tu
chat is Vey smat!l.
small
Aot twit at a ditame hom efe side due to
moment, T

due moment T+or t.

6|- moduws ot aigidiy of mataal
demsi by (mas/volume) ol the matal.
I polas Cuomd momnent ol trnab

Acording to Newtoms Sluond lao of oAshie, Aotation,

amgula accdvahon:
Nt toae Con be wtte as,

T*-T-Ite
a42.

taom stqenh o mgteñds, we

OY
 Constant cR0sS- seebon brg is comstant,
<haft of
J -T_a
Pda.
22 the
the above cauathons
he valus I md T kom

39

St2.

3t2.

a2 2.

whee al G/p
Tis is the NONe eauabow denbica b te wawe
atena/ Anvense vbatm
aution obtaimed for
a beam'

be weite as,
The qenena
 viorations for aa ku-e beom wta inisal di'sphcement

he yenral tolubo for lonatudinal nbraton cam be

waitem ag
Bos Pon
wh

Bondy cendi toms arc:

=0

gng the above two endiboy we

+ Deost

du
Pt)
A -0

u
BBsin PaCsimpt + Dcospt )
!.he vas of constants Cand D con bo tetummed kom
ionibial onditios,
 where hepsesms the ord of the mode

Dene sutabe enpaessien for longitutinal ibrab ens

9 mamle 2:
Aectomqula mifom choss scbon ba ot lengtt
tor
tyed at one nd amd fe at the othu cnd.

Goluten :

coho
The qun ral cobon Co be waitew as,

uat)

endiios ae!
Bomdomy

sthim is ro at
 these bomdomy conditons,
Beso

B =o

= ( ) - o) (csinpt +Dospt)
Ap cOS .

2l

2h
 fu- ku chat of matth d.

Genval coubon for cua'o a! tonomd vbrsdlon Gm be

lhe

Sin a a + Bsin nncin pt t Dcospt

Bontany cendiboms a;
-(0+) =
Stis 20 at both
bott inds
(,t)- o
Apphying he aboe tuo contithoms, we aet,
P (A cos aBar- BsinAcsin pat +D cospt)

pmd at

gin

214
1 n ,2,3, .
 Tomsvese Vibahon of Beams.

M-’ Bending moment

Q’ shean toru
cOS- scebonal timeios beam are Snall compord
to ts eng,he Sfm s called Ees Bemoullis beam
Ony the tin bens ane teated udew t
The oirnbidl eauatios tor trmvese
mifom bem s

A ’ CS aa of tbe beann
E ’ Modulus of Elasthiaty
inutia

c\enaty of the mat emal

the element

saumpton:
i) No
Cons idered, Cnstead a tro verse vibatlon, longit
 ((5
vibrabo wl occus
assumed to be Ela- Bumaulis beam We cam

tne sheang fct also the rotaty imeabia ot te beam.

) The defomab on of beamn is assumed de to momert and

cheaN force ony

Nt oreahina on the doment,
dm x accelation

he moments about A,
ComsiM-tenng
(M +dM ta)(Q

Htagher ordu dunvativey aglected.

2
aM_da.
dent romdetwmined cow
be vaus ttiY
B=4-G,Cz
atl4
Bsmh
+ co cosho
4 y(a,t)
=A
casin cn
D tCoc
simhca+ -C4) cosh
(q +ca y-(G+
4)
a cosen(zt4)
isinea)
cn) Simh lcoshca- hca)+Co sin 4(wsh
+en J
+
ct where
) (uet+ sin y) y
euahiom wavo difuent
verse tromy equaton
for aneal the isIhis
whch
is chualom
2. t tÊ
-VA =
t2.
Dy EI M
theony, beom tsom
(16