Geography Year 5

Pre-Board 1&2 Syllabus

GRADE 9

UNIT 1: Sustainable Management of Physical Processes River & Coastal Environments

KC: Change; RC(s): Process, Diversity, Management and Intervention; GC: Scientific and
Technical Innovation; Content: River system • Use and Importance of the river and Coast and
their environments • Hydrological cycle, River Long profile • Physical processes - Erosion,
deposition and transportation, Types of Erosion and Transportation, Landforms made by
Physical processes (Riverine & Coastal), Sediment and bed material • River basin • Flooding
and Hydrograph • Drainage patterns and Types, Factors responsible for different Patterns-
Slope, Rock type.• Human impacts on the river and coastal environments • Hard and Soft
engineering tools- Negative and Positive impacts especially- MPP’s• River and coastal
environment, conservation, management and ecology. Collective Management.

Case Studies: Riverine Environments, Ganga River system, Mississippi and Colorado Rivers;
Depositional Riverine Island: Majuli; Coastal regions –Yorkshire, Holderness Bay
UNIT 2: Sustainable Management of Natural Environments (Biomes); KC: Relationships;
RC(s): Causality, and Sustainability; GC: Identities and Relationships; Content: Definitions-
Biomes, ecosystems, biotic and abiotic identities in a Biome, Types of Biomes, Natural
Processes, Interdependence- Biotic and Abiotic, Human induced impacts, Environmental,
Sociocultural and economical, Characteristics of Rain Forests (both) and Marine Biome-
Ocean, Estuary and Reef Characteristics, location on Maps, Important abiotic factors that
influence them, Use of sustainable Practices/measures to conserve these biomes, role of
technology in sustainability. Terminology- Carbon sink, Sequestration, logging, Nitrogen
cycle, Eutrophication, Nitrogen Cycle.
Case Studies – Forest - Amazon Rain Forest (Tropical), Smoky Mountains (Temperate);
Marine Ocean- Calbo-Pulmo, Reef- Great Barrier Reef.
UNIT 3: Sustainable Management of Urban Systems & Environments; KC: Systems;
RC(s): Causality, Management and Intervention; GC: Scientific and Technical Innovations;
Content: Definition – Urban, Urban sprawl, urban Fringe/edge towns, Urban poor, Squatter
settlements/Urban slums, overspill towns, Urban pollution, Gentrification, Urban Decline and
Renewal, Dereliction, Millenium city, Million city. Difference between urban and rural
settlements, Site and situation, Urban Land use Classification of urban system on the basis of
Function, Topography (MAP) - Grid referencing-4 and 6, Hierarchy of urban systems (Town
to Megalopolis), Points of difference in the urban Hierarchy- Sphere of influence- range of
services, Kind of services-low order- high order services; Town planning; Importance and
Types of Models-Hoyt's sector Model, Burgess concentric model and Multi-Nuclei model. Role
of Technology in data representation-GIS, 3D/virtual models used in urban planning. Urban
systems. Urbanisation/Development-Problems of urbanization/urban growth - LEDC’s and
MEDC countries, Urban sprawl, urban Fringe/edge towns, Urban poor, Squatter
settlements/Urban slums, Urban pollution, Gentrification, Urban Decline and Renewal,
Dereliction. Sustainable Measures and strategies to reduce negative impacts of urbanisation
and collective Management.

Case Studies – Slums: Dharavi-Mumbai, Favelas of Rio; Urban Problems - New York- Detroit.
Gentrification- Cape Town; Case study for Urban Change- Japan - Ghost Towns; Case study -
Megacities with urban problems and sustainable management solutions –Mumbai, Singapore,
Masdar city, London, Smart City Masdar.

UNIT 4: Changing population: natural increase, structure and migration KC: Time, Place and
Space; RC(s): Patterns and trends, Disparity; GC: Fairness and Development; Content:
Population - definition, components of population-Mortality &Fertility rates, and population
growth- Birth rate, death rate, Migration), distribution and density, factors influencing the
density and distribution, Migration- Push and Pull factors (reasons: Economic, socio cultural,
Geographical and Political), Types of Migration, Impacts of Migration in country of origin and
host country, Population Structure and Pyramid in LEDC and MEDC's, Demographic
Transition model, Population Policies, Change in Population Gender inequality. Case study-
China (one child policy) and India- Gender inequality. Use of Technology in Representation of
data: GIS, Data interpretation and Analysis of Graphs –DTM, Population pyramids.

Case Studies: Bangladesh- Over population; Japan- population crisis; Population policies and
schemes; Kenya & Sudan, China- One Child Policy; France- Famile de la France; India- Beti
Bachao, Beti Padhao

GRADE 10

UNIT 1: Impacts And Management of Natural Disasters, Especially In Tectonically Active

Areas; KC: Global interactions; RC(s): Patterns and trends, Causality, Management &
Intervention; GC: Scientific and Technological Innovation; Content: Natural Disaster:
Definition, Types of Natural Disasters - Weather related Natural disasters and Seismic Activity
based Natural Disaster; Seismic activity related disaster-Tsunamis- Definition, Mechanism,
Cause and Consequences- Social, Economic and Environmental; Volcanoes- Definition,
Mechanism, Cause and Consequences-Social, Economic and Environmental; Flooding-
Definition, Mechanism, Cause and Consequences-Social, Economic and Environmental
Management of Natural Disasters (Seismic and Weather-related);

Case Studies: Bangladesh; Japan; Pacific Ring of Fire; Nepal; Middle East; Greece and Spain

UNIT 2: Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Responses; KC: Change; RC(s):
Causality, Sustainability, Management & Intervention; GC: Orientation in Space and Time;
Content: Definitions- Difference between Climate & weather, Evidences of climate change,
Reasons for change in climate- Causes-natural reasons – Natural cycles - Milankovitch cycles,
Earth's heat budget and Human induced, Consequences-Short term and Long Term impacts,
Direct and indirect, Response-Systems - Role of Urbanization, Role of Technology, lag time,
Measures (LEDC and MEDC'S) to combat climate change, Role of Global interactions to curb
the effects of Climate change. Kyoto protocol, CBDR, Paris accord.
Case Studies- Kiribati, Bangladesh and Japan.
UNIT 3: Resource Management: Management of The Extraction, Production,
Consumption of Natural Resources and Their Security; KC: Relationships; RC(s): Power,
Sustainability, Management & Intervention; GC: Globalization and Sustainability; Content:
Natural resources- Fossil fuel - Oil and Gas and Coal, Extraction- Process- Technology, mining,
Production – Supply Industrial Demand – Sectoral change; Impacts- Social, Environmental,
Economical (all stakeholders); Consumption – Demand, Impacts on life and wellbeing of
current and future generations, Indicators of consumption Global Trade.; Sustainable
Management and Technology, local and global initiatives, 3 R’s, Stewardship, Ecological
footprint, Government Policies; Case Studies- Niger Delta, Jharia Coal Mines. OPEC,
Industrial Initiatives- Apple. UNIT 4: Tourism - Impacts and Management; KC: Global
Interactions; RC(s): Sustainability & Culture; GC: Personal and Cultural Expression; Content:
Tourism-definition, Types of Tourism, Dynamic nature of tourism, trends of Tourism, Factors
influencing tourism of a country (physical, human and Political features); Case Studies:
Barcelona, London, Kenya, India (Char Dham), Galapagos Island

UNIT 4: Tourism - Impacts and Management; KC: Global Interactions; RC(s):

Sustainability & Culture; GC: Personal and Cultural Expression; Content: Tourism-definition,
Types of Tourism, Dynamic nature of tourism, trends of Tourism, Factors influencing tourism
of a country (physical, human and Political features)
Case Studies: Barcelona, London, Kenya, India (Char Dham), Uluru, Galapagos Island.