LANG 311 - FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRELIMS

LESSON 6: TIME IN JAPANESE ●​ JAPANESE MINUTES CHARTS

Telling time in Japanese is actually simple and Japanese Romaji English

easy to understand, once you learn the
一分 ippun 1 minute
Japanese numbers.

二分 nifun 2 minutes
When expressing time in Japanese, the words
which indicate the hour 時 (ji) and minute 分 (fun
or pun) (depending on different numbers) are 三分 sanpun 3 minutes
always added next to the numbers.
四分 yonpun 4 minutes
●​ BASIC WORDS FOR TIME
五分 gofun 5 minutes
Japanese Romaji English
六分 roppun 6 minutes
時間 Jikan Time
七分 nanafun 7 minutes
時 Ji Hour
八分 happun 8 minutes
分 Fun/Pun Minute
九分 kyuufun 9 minutes
秒 Byou Second
十分 juppun 10 minutes
●​ JAPANESE HOUR CHARTS (Number + Ji)

Japanese Romaji English

十五分 juu go-fun 15 minute
一時 ichi ji 1:00
二十分 ni-juppun 20 minutes
二時 ni ji 2:00
三十分 san-juppun 30 minutes
三時 san ji 3:00
四十分 yon-juppun 40 minutes
四時 yo ji 4:00
四十五分 yon-ju go-fun 45 minutes
五時 go ji 5:00
五十分 go-juppun 50 minutes
六時 roku ji 6:00

七時 shichi ji 7:00
Special considerations when you are expressing
八時 hachi ji 8:00 minutes; 分 is pronounced ”fun” or ”pun”
depending on after which number it follows.
九時 ku ji 9:00
There is no special word for quarter past, 半
(Han) means “half”, as in half past the hour.
十時 juu ji 10:00

2, 5, 7, and 9 minutes are pronounced with

十一時 juuichi ji 11:00
“fun” and 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes are with
“pun”. After 10 minutes, the same pattern is
十二時 juu ni ji 12:00
used

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●​ WORDS TO EXPRESS TIME IN JAPANESE shade, and still be sweating so much that you
feel gross and sticky.
Japanese Romaji English
Summer heat makes people more energetic,
午前 gozen am making summer a season for many activities,
and matsuri or Japanese festivals. Going to
午後 gogo pm beaches, BBQing outside, fireworks, beer
gardens, camping, and more, are popular
正午 shougo noon summer activities in Japan.

夕方 yuugata evening ●​ Aomori’s Nebuta​

昼 hiru daytime ●​ Tokushima City Awa Odori​

夜 yoru nighttime ●​ Omagari’s National Fireworks Festival

日の出 hinode sunrise

日没 nichibotsu sunset AUTUMN 秋 (Aki)

Autumn, from September to November, is

●​ HOW TO ASK FOR TIME IN JAPANESE another beautiful season in Japan. Cooled down
What is the time now? – (ima nanji desu ka?) from the uncomfortable summer temperature,
Japanese weather in autumn is pleasant. We
LESSON 7: WEATHER AND SEASONS IN have a word called 秋 晴 れ (akibare) which
JAPANESE means “clear autumnal weather,” and most
autumn days are delightfully sunny.
The word for “seasons” in Japanese is きせつ
(kisetsu | 季節). Japan is regarded as one of the About 73% of the land in Japan is mountainous,
world’s finest four-season places to visit. Each and Japanese people appreciate the spectacular
season in Japan has its own attraction. views of mountains which change colors in
gradation of yellow, orange, and red. Visiting
Kyoto in autumn will amaze you with views of
traditional and historical buildings, surrounded
SUMMER 夏 (Natsu) by colorful nature. It’s just breathtaking.

Summer in Japan is from June to August. It

starts with the rainy season, called 梅⾬ (Tsuyu)
which is usually in June and July. During the WINTER 冬 (Fuyu)
rainy season, most days are heavily rainy and
the amount of precipitation is at its highest point Winter, from December to February, is a season
of the year. of fun in Japan, especially if you like winter
sports such as skiing, snowboarding, and
The full-blown summer starts after the rain, and skating. As for the Japanese weather in winter,
once temperatures go up as high as above 40 the temperature in some of the northern and
degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). mountain regions go down below zero and it can
Japanese weather in summer, particularly in the get really cold. Mountains get a lot of snowfall.
months of July and August, can be quite
uncomfortable due to hot temperatures and the Also, the Japanese onsen (hot springs) are
high level of humidity. You can be standing in the essential in winter. They make you warm and

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relaxed after enjoying winter sports outside in
Reading Kanji Hiragana English
the cold weather.
Tenki 天気 てんき weather
As an example of the weather in Tokyo, it’s quite
rare to have snow in December. But when you
Tenkō 天候 てんこう climate
research Japan weather in December, you’ll
notice that northern regions already have snowy
weather in December. Even though winter Kishō jōkyō 気象状 きしょうじょ weather
temperatures in Japan can get very cold, there 況 うきょう condition
are also many days of sunny weather in Tokyo.
Soramoyō 空模様 そらもよう the look of
the sky

春 (Haru) : Spring Reading Kanji Hiragana English

Spring in Japan is from March to May. Spring is Atsui 暑い あつい hot

one of the most beautiful seasons to visit Japan.
Atatakai 暖かい あたたかい warm
When it comes to Japanese weather in spring,
temperatures gradually increase to a moderate
and comfortable level. Although it’s spring, Samui 寒い さむい cold
March has mostly cold days, while May has
many sunny days with a clear sky and warm—or Suzushii 涼しい すずしい cool /
sometimes hot—temperatures. chilly

April is the most amazing month as cherry Jimejime – じめじめし humid

blossoms bloom fully, bringing beautiful notice of shita た
spring throughout Japan. Weather in Japan in
April is literally the symbol of Japanese spring. Mushiatsu 蒸し暑 むしあつい humid
i い and hot
English Rōmaji Hiragana Kanji
Kansō 乾燥し かんそうし dry
shita た た
Season Kisetsu きせつ 季節

Four seasons Shiki しき 四季

Spring Haru はる 春

Summer Natsu なつ 夏

Autumn or Fall Aki あき 秋

Winter Fuyu ふゆ 冬

General Terms for Weather Conditions in

Japanese
LESSON 9: PARTS OF THE BODY IN
JAPANESE
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Once you learn the body parts in Japanese, you ●​ KUCHI (くち) – MOUTH​
no longer feel uncomfortable describing The opening used for eating, speaking,
someone you know in detail or explaining your and breathing.​
health condition in the hospital.
●​ KUCHIBIRU (くちびる) – LIPS​
HEAD & FACE The soft, movable part surrounding the
mouth.​
●​ ATAMA (あたま) – HEAD​
The uppermost part of the body that ●​ SHITA (した) – TONGUE​
contains the brain, eyes, ears, nose, The muscle inside the mouth used for
and mouth.​ tasting, swallowing, and speaking.​

●​ KAMI (かみ) – HAIR​ ●​ HA (は) – TOOTH​

The strands that grow on the head, The hard structures inside the mouth
varying in color, length, and texture.​ used for biting and chewing food.​

●​ KAO (かお) – FACE​ ●​ AGO (あご) – CHIN/JAW​

The front part of the head, including the The lower part of the face, supporting
eyes, nose, mouth, and cheeks, used the mouth and playing a role in chewing.
for expression.​
INTERNAL ORGANS & SYSTEMS
●​ HITAI (ひたい) – FOREHEAD​
The upper part of the face above the ●​ NOU (のう) – BRAIN​
eyebrows.​ The organ that controls thinking,
memory, and body functions.​
●​ MAYU (まゆ) – EYEBROW​
The strip of hair above the eyes that ●​ KOUJOUSEN (こうじょうせん) –
helps express emotions.​ THYROID​
A gland in the neck that regulates
●​ ME (め) – EYE​ metabolism and energy.​
The organ used for seeing and
detecting light.​ ●​ NODO (のど) – THROAT​
The passage that connects the mouth
●​ HOO (ほお) – CHEEK​ to the stomach and lungs.​
The soft area on the side of the face,
between the nose and ears.​ ●​ KIKAN (きかん) – TRACHEA​
The airway that connects the throat to
●​ HANA (はな) – NOSE​ the lungs.​
The organ used for breathing and
smelling, located in the center of the ●​ SHOKUDOU (しょくどう) – ESOPHAGUS​
face.​ The tube that carries food from the
mouth to the stomach.​
●​ HANA NO ANA (はなのあな) –
NOSTRIL​ ●​ SEKIZUI (せきずい) – SPINAL CORD​
The openings of the nose that allow air The nerve pathway inside the spine that
to pass through.​ connects the brain to the body.​

●​ MIMI (みみ) – EAR​ ●​ HAI (はい) – LUNG​

The organ responsible for hearing and The organ that helps with breathing by
balance.​ taking in oxygen and releasing carbon

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dioxide.​ ●​ HONE (ほね) – BONE​
The hard structure that supports and
●​ SHINZOU (しんぞう) – HEART​ protects the body.​
The organ that pumps blood throughout
the body.​ ●​ KINNIKU (きんにく) – MUSCLE​
The tissue that helps move the body by
●​ I (い) – STOMACH​ contracting and relaxing.​
The organ that digests food using acids
and enzymes.​ ●​ KANSETSU (かんせつ) – JOINT​
The connection between bones that
●​ TANNOU (たんのう) – GALLBLADDER​ allows movement.​
A small organ that stores bile, which
helps digest fats.​ ●​ ROKKOTSU (ろっこつ) – RIBS​
The curved bones that protect the chest
●​ SUIZOU (すいぞう) – PANCREAS​ and lungs.​
An organ that produces insulin and
digestive enzymes.​ ●​ KOTSUBAN (こつばん) – PELVIS​
The bone structure at the base of the
●​ KANZOU (かんぞう) – LIVER​ spine that supports the lower body.​
The organ that filters blood, processes
nutrients, and removes toxins.​ ●​ KO KANSETSU (こかんせつ) – HIP
JOINT​
●​ JINZOU (じんぞう) – KIDNEY​ The joint connecting the thigh bone to
The organ that filters waste from the the pelvis, allowing leg movement.​
blood and produces urine.​
●​ HIZA (ひざ) – KNEE​
●​ DAICHOU (だいちょう) – LARGE The joint between the thigh and lower
INTESTINE​ leg that allows bending.​
The part of the digestive system that
absorbs water and forms stool.​ ●​ SENAKA (せなか) – BACK​
The rear part of the upper body,
●​ SHOUCHOU (しょうちょう) – SMALL including the spine.​
INTESTINE​
The part of the digestive system where ●​ KATA (かた) – SHOULDER​
most nutrient absorption occurs.​ The joint connecting the arm to the
body, allowing a wide range of motion.​
●​ BOUKOU (ぼうこう) – BLADDER​
The organ that stores urine before it ●​ ASHI KUBI (あしくび) – ANKLE​
leaves the body.​ The joint connecting the foot to the leg.​

●​ SHIKYUU (しきゅう) – UTERUS/WOMB​ ●​ KOSHI (こし) – LOWER BACK/WAIST​

The organ in females where a baby The lower part of the back that supports
develops during pregnancy.​ movement and posture.

●​ ZENRITSUSEN (ぜんりつせん) – LESSON 10 : FAMILY IN JAPANESE

PROSTATE GLAND​
A gland in males that helps produce There are two different ways of addressing
semen. Japanese family members.

One of them is when talking about your own

SKELETAL & MUSCULAR family members to other people, and the other

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one is when mentioning someone else's family
members.

Japanese has this culture that they need to pay

respect (尊敬 - そんけい sonkei ) to other people
when mentioning someone's family members.

While at the same time they have to be modest

(謙譲 - けんじょう kenjou ) when mentioning their
own family members.

Age and Status

-​ Age and status play a significant role in
Japanese language and culture.
-​ When addressing family members, it is
customary to include honorifics that
denote respect.
-​ For instance, "-san" is a general
honorific used for both genders and al
ages. It shows respect and is similar to
"Mr." or "Ms." in English.
-​ Other honorifics include "-chan" (used
for girls, close friends, and pets),
-​ "-kun" (used for boys and close
friends), and
-​ "-sama" (a more respectful version of
"-san")

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