Scott Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck

Surgery Volume 3 Head and Neck Surgery, Plastic Surgery -

8th Edition

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 Contents
Contributors ....................................................................... ix 15: Rehabilitation after total laryngectomy ...................... 263
Foreword .......................................................................... xix Yvonne Edels and Peter Clarke
Preface ............................................................................. xxi 16: Management of hypopharyngeal cancer ................... 273
A Tribute to Bill Scott-Brown ...........................................xxiii Prathamesh S. Pai, Deepa Nair, Sarbani Ghosh Laskar
Acknowledgements .........................................................xxiv and Kumar Prabhash
Volume 1 – Table of Contents.......................................... xxv 17: Neck metastases from an unknown primary ............. 295
Volume 2 – Table of Contents..........................................xxix Ricard Simo, Jean-Pierre Jeannon and Maria Teresa
Abbreviations.................................................................xxxiii Guerrero Urbano

18: Metastatic neck disease ............................................ 305

Section 1 Head and Neck Vinidh Paleri and James O’Hara

1: History.............................................................................. 3 19: Principles and practice of radiotherapy in head

Patrick J. Bradley and neck cancer ........................................................ 335
Sara Meade and Andrew Hartley
2: Aetiology of head and neck cancer ............................... 17
Pablo H. Montero, Snehal G. Patel and Ian Ganly 20: Quality of life and survivorship in head and
neck cancer ............................................................... 343
3: Epidemiology of head and neck carcinoma .................. 27 Simon Rogers and Steven Thomas
Kristen B. Pytynia, Kristina R. Dahlstrom and
Erich M. Sturgis 21: Palliative care for head and neck cancer ................... 361
Catriona R. Mayland and John E. Ellershaw
4: Staging of head and neck cancer .................................. 35
Nicholas J. Roland 22: Transoral laser microsurgery ...................................... 369
Mark Sayles, Stephanie L. Koonce, Michael L. Hinni
5: The changing face of cancer information ...................... 49 and David G. Grant
Richard Wight
23: Anatomy as applied to transoral surgery ................... 383
6: Introducing molecular biology of head and Mark Puvanendran and Andrew Harris
neck cancer ................................................................... 55
Nikolina Vlatković and Mark T. Boyd 24: Principles of chemotherapy ....................................... 393
Charles G. Kelly
7: Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus malignancy ............... 73
Cyrus Kerawala, Peter Clarke and Kate Newbold 25: Cysts and tumours of the bony facial skeleton ......... 399
Julia A. Woolgar and Gillian L. Hall
8: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ........................................... 93
Raymond King-Yin Tsang and Dora Lai-Wan Kwong 26: Head and neck pathology.......................................... 423
Ram Moorthy, Adrian T. Warfield and Max Robinson
9: Benign salivary gland tumours .................................... 115
Jarrod Homer and Andrew Robson 27: Open conservation surgery for laryngeal cancer ....... 449
Volkert Wreesmann, Jatin Shah and Ian Ganly
10: Malignant tumours of the salivary glands .................. 131
Vincent Vander Poorten and Patrick J. Bradley 28: Measures of treatment outcomes .............................. 461
Helen Cocks, Raghav C. Dwivedi and
11: Tumours of the parapharyngeal space....................... 157 Aoife M.I. Waters
Suren Krishnan
29: Applications of robotics in head and neck practice .... 473
12: Oral cavity tumours including lip reconstruction........ 171 Chris Holsinger, Chafeek Tomeh and Eric M. Genden
Tim Martin and Omar A. Ahmed
30: Biologically targeted agents in head and
13: Oropharyngeal tumours ............................................. 207 neck cancers ............................................................. 483
Terry M. Jones and Mererid Evans Kevin J. Harrington and Magnus T. Dillon

14: Tumours of the larynx................................................. 237 31: Prosthetic management of surgically acquired oral
Vinidh Paleri, Stuart Winter, Hannah Fox and and facial defects ...................................................... 499
Nachi Palaniappan Chris Butterworth
v

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 vi Contents

32: Multidisciplinary team working .................................. 509 51: Pharyngitis ................................................................. 791
Andrew Davies, Nigel Beasley and David Hamilton Sharan Jayaram and Conor Marnane

33: Nutritional considerations .......................................... 517 52: Cricopharyngeal dysphagia ....................................... 811
Rachael Donnelly, Susannah E. Penney, Siân Lewis, Nimesh N. Patel and T. Singh
Lesley Freeman and Pippa Mather
53: Oesophageal diseases............................................... 829
34: Speech voice and swallow rehabilitation Shajahan Wahed and S. Michael Griffin
after chemoradiation .................................................. 531
Justin W.G. Roe and Katherine A. Hutcheson 54: Neurological disease of the pharynx ......................... 845
Kim Ah-See and Miles Bannister
35: Surgical anatomy of the neck .................................... 541
Laura Warner, Christopher Jennings and 55: Rehabilitation of swallowing disorders ..................... 851
John C. Watkinson Maggie-Lee Huckabee and Sebastian Doeltgen

36: Clinical examination of the neck ................................ 565 56: Chronic aspiration ..................................................... 859
James O’Hara Guri S. Sandhu and Khalid Ghufoor

37: Imaging of the neck ................................................... 569 57: Temporomandibular joint disorders .......................... 871
Ivan Zammit-Maempel Andrew J. Sidebottom

38: Neck trauma .............................................................. 597 58: Anatomy of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree ...... 883
Andrew J. Nicol and Johannes J. Fagan Nimesh N. Patel and Shane Lester

39: Benign neck disease .................................................. 607 59: Physiology of the larynx............................................. 897
Ricard Simo, Jean-Pierre Jeannon and Enyinnaya Ofo Lesley Mathieson and Paul Carding

40: Neck space infections................................................ 623 60: Voice and speech production .................................... 905
James W. Moor Paul Carding and Lesley Mathieson

41: Anatomy and embryology of the mouth 61: Assessment and examination of the larynx ............... 911
and dentition .............................................................. 633 Jean-Pierre Jeannon and Enyinnaya Ofo
Barry K.B. Berkovitz
62: Evaluation of the voice............................................... 925
Julian A. McGlashan
42: Benign oral and dental disease.................................. 657
Konrad S. Staines and Alexander Crighton
63: Structural disorders of the vocal cords...................... 943
Yakubu Gadzama Karagama and Julian A. McGlashan
43: Salivary gland anatomy .............................................. 677
Stuart Winter and Brian Fish
64: Functional disorders of the voice............................... 963
Paul Carding
44: Physiology of the salivary glands ............................... 683
Mriganke De and T. Singh 65: The professional voice ............................................... 969
Declan Costello and Meredydd Harries
45: Imaging of the salivary glands ................................... 691
Daren Gibson and Steve Colley 66: Speech and language therapy for voice disorders .... 973
Marianne E. Bos-Clark and Paul Carding
46: Non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases..................... 709
Stephen R. Porter, Stefano Fedele and 67: Phonosurgery............................................................. 981
Valeria Mercadante Abie Mendelsohn and Marc Remacle
47: Anatomy of the pharynx and oesophagus ................ 737 68: Movement disorders of the larynx ............................. 995
Joanna Matthan and Vinidh Paleri Declan Costello and John S. Rubin
48: Physiology of swallowing ........................................... 757 69: Acute infections of the larynx .................................. 1003
Joanne M. Patterson and Stephen McHanwell Sanjai Sood, Karan Kapoor and Richard Oakley

49: Causes and assessment of dysphagia 70: Chronic laryngitis ..................................................... 1011
and aspiration ............................................................ 769 Kenneth MacKenzie
Helen Cocks and Jemy Jose
71: Contemporary management of
50: Functional investigations of the upper laryngotracheal trauma ............................................ 1023
gastrointestinal tract .................................................. 781 Carsten E. Palme, Malcolm A. Buchanan, Shruti Jyothi,
Joanne M. Patterson and Jason Powell Faruque Riffat, Ralph W. Gilbert and Patrick Gullane

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 Contents vii

72: Upper airway obstruction and tracheostomy .......... 1037 85: Nasal reconstruction ................................................ 1177
Paul Pracy and Peter Conboy Ullas Raghavan

73: Physiology of sleep and sleep disorders ................ 1049 86: Pinnaplasty .............................................................. 1193
John O’Reilly Victoria Harries and Simon Watts

74: Obstructive sleep apnoea: Medical management ....... 1061 87: Blepharoplasty ......................................................... 1199
Dev Banerjee Brian Leatherbarrow

75: The surgical management of snoring and 88: Surgical rejuvenation of the ageing face .................. 1235
obstructive sleep apnoea......................................... 1071 Gregory S. Dibelius, John M. Hilinski and
Bhik Kotecha and Mohamed Reda Elbadawey Dean M. Toriumi

76: Laryngotracheal stenosis in adults .......................... 1081 89: Non-surgical rejuvenation of the ageing face .......... 1247
Guri S. Sandhu and Reza Nouraei Lydia Badia, Peter Andrews and Sajjad Rajpar

77: Reflux disease .......................................................... 1093 90: History of reconstructive surgery ............................. 1255
Mark G. Watson and Kim Ah-See Ralph W. Gilbert and John C. Watkinson

78: Paralysis of the larynx .............................................. 1101 91: Grafts and local flaps in head and neck cancer ...... 1261
Lucian Sulica and Babak Sadoughi Kenneth Kok and Nicholas White

79: Outpatient laryngeal procedures.............................. 1111 92: Pedicled flaps in head and neck reconstruction...... 1283
Matthew Stephen Broadhurst Ralph W. Gilbert and John C. Watkinson

93: Reconstructive microsurgery in head and

Section 2 Plastic Surgery neck surgery ............................................................ 1299
John C. Watkinson and Ralph W. Gilbert
80: Rhinoplasty following nasal trauma ......................... 1127
Charles East 94: Benign and malignant conditions of the skin........... 1321
Murtaza Khan and Agustin Martin-Clavijo
81: Pre-operative assessment for rhinoplasty ............... 1133
Hesham Saleh and Catherine Rennie 95: Facial reanimation surgery ....................................... 1337
Demetrius Evriviades and Nicholas White
82: External rhinoplasty ................................................. 1143
Santdeep Paun 96: Partial and total ear reconstruction.......................... 1345
Cher Bing Chuo
83: Revision rhinoplasty ................................................. 1161
Claudia Rudack and Gerhard Rettinger 97: A combined prosthetic and surgical approach ....... 1357
Hitesh Koria, M. Stephen Dover and Steve Worrollo
84: Aesthetic dorsal reduction rhinoplasty .................... 1169
Julian M. Rowe-Jones Index .............................................................................. 1373

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 Contributors
Kim W Ah-See MD FRCS FRCS(ORL–HNS) Mark T Boyd BSc PhD SFHEA FRSB
Professor and Consultant ENT Head and Neck Surgeon Professor of Molecular Oncology
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary University of Liverpool
Aberdeen, UK. Liverpool, UK.

Omar A Ahmed FRCSEd(Plast) Patrick J Bradley MB BCh BAO DCH MBA FRCS(ed, Eng Ir)
Consultant Plastic, Reconstructive, and Head & FHKCORL FRCSLT(Hon) FRACS
Neck Surgeon Honorary Professor
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Nottingham University Hospitals
Queens Medical Centre
Peter Andrews FRCS(ORL–HNS) Nottingham, UK.
Consultant ENT Surgeon
Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital Matthew Stephen Broadhurst BMBS FRACS
London, UK. (Otorhinolaryngology) Laryngeal Surgery (Harvard Medical School)
Director, Queensland Voice Centre
Miles Bannister BSc(Hons) MBChB(Hons) DOHNS Director, Queensland Centre for Otolaryngology
FRCS(ORL-HNS) Spring Hill, Queensland, Australia.
Specialist Registrar
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Malcolm A Buchanan BSc(Hons) MBChB PhD FRCS
Aberdeen, UK. (ORL–HNS)
Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery
Lydia Badia FRCS(ORL–HNS) Westmead Hospital
Consultant ENT Surgeon University of Sydney, Australia.
Harley Street
London, UK. Chris Butterworth BDS(Hons) MPhil FDSRCS(Eng)
FDS(Rest Dent) RCS(Eng)
Dev Banerjee MBChB BSc(Hons) MD FRCP FRACP Consultant in Oral Rehabilitation
Consultant Sleep Physician Merseyside Head and Neck Cancer Centre
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Honorary Senior Lecturer in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics
University of Sydney; and School of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine
Department of Thoracic and Sleep Medicine University of Liverpool, UK.
St Vincent’s Hospital
Sydney, Australia. Paul Carding FRCSLT2
Deputy Head of School and Professor of Speech Pathology
Nigel Beasley FRCS(ORL-HNS) MBBS BSc National Course Coordinator in Speech Pathology
Consultant ENT Surgeon (Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne)
Deputy Medical Director School of Allied Health l Faculty of Health Sciences
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Brisbane Campus, Australia.
Nottingham, UK.
Cher Bing Chuo MB BCh BAO MRSC MSc FRCS (Plast)
Barry KB Berkovitz BDS MSc PhD FDS(Eng) Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Emeritus Reader in Dental Anatomy Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
King’s College London, UK; and
Visiting Professor Peter Clarke BSc FRCS
Oman Dental College Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon
Muscat, Oman. The Royal Marsden Hospital and Imperial College
Healthcare Trust
Marianne E Bos-Clark MSc Honorary Senior Lecturer
Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Imperial College
Exeter, UK. London, UK.

ix

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 x Contributors

Peter Conboy FRCS(ORL-HNS) Sebastian H Doeltgen PhD

Consultant Otolaryngologist Head & Neck Surgeon Senior Lecturer
University Hospitals of Leicester Head of Teaching Section (Speech Pathology)
Leicester UK. Head of Swallowing Neurorehabilitation Research
Laboratory
Helen Cocks MD FRCS(ORL-HNS) College of Nursing and Health Sciences,
Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon Flinders Universiy
City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust Adelaide, Australia.
Sunderland, UK.
Rachael Donnelly MSc RD
Steve Colley FRCR Acting Head of Nutrition and Dietetics
Consultant Head & Neck Radiologist Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
Queen Elizabeth Hospital London, UK.
University Hospitals
Birmigham, UK. Stephen M Dover FDSRCS FRCS
Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
Declan Costello MA MBBS FRCS(ORL-HNS) Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
Consultant ENT Surgeon specializing in voice disorders University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Birmingham, UK.
Raghav C Dwivedi MS(ENT) PhD FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Alexander Crighton BDS MB ChB(Edin) FDS(OM) RCSEd Senior Clinical Fellow in ENT & Head Neck Surgery
FDS RCPS Queen Alexandra Hospital
Consultant in Oral Medicine, NHS Greater Glasgow Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust
and Clyde; and Portsmouth, UK.
Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medicine in Relation to
Dentistry, University of Glasgow Charles East FRCS
Glasgow Dental Hospital & School Consultant Surgeon
Glasgow, UK. University College London Hospitals NHS Trust; and
Honorary Senior Lecturer, University College London
Kristina R Dahlstrom PhD London, UK.
Instructor
Department of Head and Neck Surgery Yvonne Edels FRCSLT
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Macmillan Consultant Speech and Language Therapist
Houston, Texas, USA. Imperial College Healthcare Trust
Charing Cross Hospital
Andrew Davies MB BS MSc MD FRCP London, UK.
Consultant in Palliative Medicine
Royal Surrey County Hospital; and Mohamed Reda Elbadawey MBChB MSc FRCS(Ed) MD
Visiting Reader FRCS(ORL-HNS)
University of Surrey Consultant Otolaryngologist
Guildford, UK. Freeman Hospital, UK; and
Associate Clinical Lecturer
Mriganke De FRCS University of Newcastle, UK; and
Consultant Head & Neck Surgeon Associate Professor of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and
Department of ENT Surgery Neck Surgery
Royal Derby Hospital, UK. Tanta University, Egypt.

Magnus T Dillon MBBS MRCP PhD John E Ellershaw MA FRCP

Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Honorary Professor Molecular and Clinical
London, UK. Cancer Medicine
Director of Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute
Gregory S Dibelius MD Liverpool, UK.
Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon
Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Mererid Evans PhD MRCP FRCR
University of Illinois Honorary Professor of Clinical Oncology
Chicago, USA. University of Liverpool; and
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Velindre Cancer Centre
Cardiff, Wales, UK.

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 Contributors xi

Demetrius Evriviades FRCS(Plast) PGDip Daren Gibson MRCS DLO FRCR FRANCR
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon Consultant Radiologist
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust Fiona Stanley Hospital
Birmingham, UK. Perth, Western Australia.

Johannes J Fagan FCS(SA) MMed(Otol) Ralph W Gilbert MD FRCSC

Division of Otolaryngology Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery
University of Cape Town University of Toronto
Cape Town, South Africa. Toronto, Canada.

Stefano Fedele DDS PhD David G Grant MB ChB

Senior Lecturer in Oral Medicine Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery
UCL Eastman Dental Institute Queen’s Medical Centre
London, UK. Nottingham University Hospitals’ NHS Trust
Nottingham, UK.
Brian Fish FRCS(CSIG) FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT / Head and Neck / Thyroid Surgeon S Michael Griffin FRCS FRCS(Ed) FRCS(HK)(Hon)
Addenbrooke’s Hospital Professor of Gastrointestinal Surgery
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust Consultant Oesophago-Gastric Surgeon
Cambridge, UK. Royal Victoria Infirmary
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Hannah Fox MBBS BSc(Hons) FRCS(ORL-HNS) DOHNS PGC
Med Ed PGC Med Lead Patrick Gullane CM OOnt MB FRCSC FACS(Hon) FRACS(Hon)
Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon FRCS(Hon) FRCSI
Freeman Hospital Wharton Chair in Head & Neck Surgery
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Professor Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck
Surgery
Lesley Freeman SRD PG Dip Dietetics, PG Dip Cancer Care for Professor of Surgery
Allied Health Professionals University of Toronto, Canada.
Head and Neck Oncology Dietitian
Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and Gillian L Hall FRCPath FDS
Head and Neck Oncology Dietitian Consultant Histopathologist
Darlington Memorial Hospital Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS
Darlington, UK. Foundation Trust
Manchester Royal Infirmary
Ian Ganly MD PhD Manchester, UK.
Associate Attending Surgeon
Head and Neck Service David Hamilton FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Department of Surgery Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist, Head and
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Neck Surgeon
New York, USA. Freeman Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Eric M Genden Sr MD MHA
Professor and Chairman Meredydd Harries FRCS MSc
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery; Consultant Laryngologist
and Brighton NHS Trust
Professor of Neurosurgery Brighton, UK.
Professor of Immunology
Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Victoria Harries MBBS MRCS(ENT)
The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Specialist ENT Registrar
New York, USA. Bristol Royal Infirmary
Severn Deanery
Khalid Ghufoor BSc(Hons) MBBS FRCS(CSiG) FRCS(ORL-HNS) Bristol, UK.
ENT-Head and Neck Consultant Surgeon
Associate Clinical Director & Network Lead Kevin J Harrington PhD FRCP FRCR
Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Professor of Biological Cancer Therapies
St Bartholomews and The Royal London Hospital Team Leader, Targeted Therapy Team
University College London Hospital The Institute of Cancer Research
The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London, UK.
London, UK.

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 xii Contributors

Andrew Harris PhD FRCS(ORL-HNS) Christopher Jennings FRCS

ENT / Head and Neck & Reconstructive Surgeon Consultant ENT Surgeon
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust University Hospitals Birmingham
Bradford, UK. Birmingham, UK.

Andrew Hartley MRCP FRCR Terry M Jones BSc FRCS(Ed) FRCS(ORL-HNS) MD SFHEA
Consultant Clinical Oncologist FASE(RCS) FAcadTM
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Professor of Head and Neck Surgery
Birmingham, UK. Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine,
University of Liverpool, UK; and
John M Hilinski MD Honorary Consultant Otolaryngologist / Head and
Consultant Facial Plastic Surgeon Neck Surgeon
San Diego, California, USA. Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Liverpool, UK.
Michael L Hinni MD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Jemy Jose MS FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Mayo Clinic Consultant Otolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon
Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust
Hull, UK.
Chris Holsinger MD
Professor and Chief of Head and Neck Surgery Shruti Jyothi BSc MBBS
Stanford University Medical Center Specialist Registrar Otolaryngology
Stanford, USA. Royal North Shore Hospital
St Leonards
Jarrod Homer BMedSci(Hons) BMBS FRCS FRCS(ORL-HNS) MD New South Wales, Australia.
Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon / Otolaryngologist
Manchester Head and Neck Centre Yakubu Gadzama Karagama DLO MSc Voice Research
Manchester Royal Infirmary FRCS (ORL & HN) PGCertMed
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Consultant ENT Surgeon & Laryngologist; and
Manchester, UK. Honorary Senior Lecturer
University of Manchester; and
Maggie-Lee Huckabee PhD Honorary Senior Lecturer
Professor, Department of Communication Disorders Edge Hill University; and
The University of Canterbury; and Honorary Fellow
Director, the Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery Royal Northern College of Music Manchester
and Research at St Georges Medical Centre Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
Christchurch, New Zealand. Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Manchester, UK.
Katherine A Hutcheson PhD
Associate Professor Karan Kapoor FRCS
Department of Head & Neck Surgery Head & Neck Fellow
Section of Speech Pathology and Audiology Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center London, UK.
Houston, Texas, USA.
Charles G Kelly MSc FRCP FRCR FBIR DMRT
Sharan Jayaram FRCS(ORL–HNS) MS DNB Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Consultant Otolaryngologist Head & Neck Surgeon Northern Centre for Cancer Care
North Manchester General Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; and
Honorary Senior Lecturer Cyrus Kerawala FDSRCS FRCS
Edge Hill University Consultant Maxillofacial / Head and Neck Surgeon
Lancashire, UK. Head and Neck Unit
The Royal Marsden Hospital
Jean-Pierre Jeannon FRCS(ORL-HNS) London, UK.
Consultant Otolaryngologist Head & Neck Surgeon
Clinical Director of Surgical Oncology Murtaza A Khan MBBS MRCP(UK) MRCP Dermatology
Guy’s & St Thomas NHS Hospital; and Consultant Dermatologist
Associate Professor / Reader Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital
Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ Medical and Dental School Abu Dhabi, UAE.
London, UK.

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 Contributors xiii

Raymond King-Yin Tsang MBChC FRCSEd FHKCORL FHKAM Brian Leatherbarrow FRCS FRCOphth
Clinical Assistant Professor Consultant Ophthalmic, Oculoplastic & Orbital Surgeon
Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Division of Head Manchester; and
and Neck Surgery Honorary Consultant
Department of Surgery Manchester Royal Eye Hospital
The University of Hong Kong; and Manchester, UK.
Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
Chief of ENT Shane Lester FRCS(ORL-HNS) Dip Med Ed
University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Consultant ENT Head and Neck Surgeon
People’s Republic of China. Department of Otolaryngology
James Cook University Hospital
Kenneth Kok MBChB MRCS MSc(Hons) FRCS(Plast) Middlesbrough, UK.
Consultant Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon
Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre University Hospital Siân Lewis MSc RD
Birmingham NHS Trust Dietetic Operational Lead
Birmingham, UK. Cwm Taf University Health Board
Royal Glamorgan Hospital
Stephanie L Koonce MD Llantrisant, Wales.
Department of General Surgery
Mayo Clinic Kenneth MacKenzie MBChB FRCS(Ed)
Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Consultant Otolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon
Glasgow Royal Infirmary; and
Hitesh Koria BSc(Hons) PDip(Maxfac) PDip(Ortho) MIMPT Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer
Principal Maxillofacial Prosthetist University of Glasgow; and
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Visiting Professor
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust University of Strathclyde
Birmingham, UK. Glasgow, UK.

Bhik Kotecha MBBCh MPhil FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Ed) Conor Marnane BSc(Hons) MB BCh PG Cert Med Ed
FRCS(ORL-HNS) DLO FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Ed) FRCS ORL
Honorary Clinical Professor Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board
Consultant ENT Surgeon Port Talbot, Wales.
Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital
Queens Hospital Agustin Martin-Clavijo PhD MRCP
Romford, UK. Consultant Dermatologist
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Suren Krishnan OAM FRACS Birmingham, UK.
Chairman
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Tim J Martin MBChB BDS MSc FRSRCS FRCS FRCS(OMFS)
Neck Surgery Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
Royal Adelaide Hospital; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Honorary Professor University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Deakin University; and Birmingham, UK.
Clinical Associate Professor University of Adelaide,
Adelaide, South Australia. Pippa Mather BSc RD
Principal Head and Neck Oncology Dietitian
Dora Lai-Wan Kwong MBBS MD FRCR FHKCR FHKAM Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
Professor and Head of Department London, UK.
Department of Clinical Oncology
The University of Hong Kong Lesley Mathieson FRCSLT
Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Honorary Research Adviser
Speech and Language Therapy Department
Sarbani Ghosh Laskar MD(Radiation Oncology) Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital
Professor and Consultant Radiation Oncologist London, UK.
Department of Radiation Oncology
Tata Memorial Hospital Joanna Matthan MA(Eng) MBBS PGDipClinEd FHEA
Homi Bhabha National Institute Lecturer in Anatomy
Mumbai, India. Newcastle University
Faculty of Medical Sciences
School of Medical Education
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

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 xiv Contributors

Catriona R Mayland MBChB MD FRCP Deepa Nair MS

Consultant and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Professor and Surgeon
Palliative Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Palliative Care Institute Advanced Centre for Treatment Research &
University of Liverpool Education in Cancer (ACTREC)
Liverpool, UK. Tata Memorial Centre
Homi Bhabha National Institute
Julian A McGlashan MBBS FRCS(ORL) Mumbai, India.
Special Lecturer and Consultant
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Kate Newbold MRCP FRCR MD
Queen’s Medical Centre Campus Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Nottingham University Hospitals Head and Neck Unit
Nottingham, UK. The Royal Marsden Hospital
London, UK.
Stephen McHanwell BSc PhD MI Biol CI Biol
Professor of Anatomical Sciences; and Andrew J Nicol MBChB FCS
Director of Unit for Educational Research Development Associate Professor, Trauma Surgeon and Head of
and Practice Trauma Centre
Newcastle University Groote Schuur Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. University of Cape Town
Cape Town, South Africa.
Sara Meade MBChB MRCP MsC FRCR
Consultant Clinical Oncologist and Honorary Lecturer Reza Nouraei BChir PhD FRCS
The Cancer Centre Consultant Laryngologist & Tracheal Surgeon
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust The Robert White Centre for Airway Voice and
Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. Swallowing
Department of Ear Nose & Throat Surgery
Abie Mendelsohn MD FACS Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Poole, UK.
Department of Head & Neck Surgery
Los Angeles, USA. Richard Oakley FDSRCS FRCS
Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head &
Valeria Mercadante BSc PhD Neck Surgeon
Postgraduate Researcher in Oral Medicine Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals
UCL Eastman Dental Institute London, UK.
London, UK.
Enyinnaya Ofo FRCS(ORL–HNS) PhD
Pablo H Montero MD Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and
Head and Neck Fellow Neck Surgeon
Head and Neck Service St George’s University and Kingston Hospitals NHS
Department of Surgery Foundation Trusts; and
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Honorary Senior Lecturer
New York, USA. St George’s University of London Medical School
London, UK.
James W Moor FRCS(ORL–HNS)
Consultant ENT / Head and Neck Surgeon James O’Hara FRCS(ORL–HNS)
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and
Honorary Senior Lecturer Neck Surgeon
University of Leeds The Freeman Hospital
Leeds, UK. Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer
Ram Moorthy FRCS(ORL–HNS) Newcastle University
Consultant ENT / Head & Neck Surgeon Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Wexham Park Hospital
Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust John O’Reilly MA MB FRCP
Slough, UK. Consultant Physician
Liverpool Sleep and Ventilation Centre
Liverpool, UK.

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 Contributors xv

Prathamesh S Pai MS(ENT) DNB, DORL MNAMS Stephen R Porter MD PhD FDS RCS FDS RCSE
Professor and Consultant Surgeon Institute Director and Professor of Oral Medicine
Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology UCL Eastman Dental Institute
Tata Memorial Centre London, UK.
Homi Bhabha National Institute
Mumbai, India. Jason Powell MClinRes PhD MRCS
NIHR Clinical Lecturer
Vinidh Paleri MBBS MS(ENT) FRCS(Glas) FRCS(Eng) Newcastle University
FRCS(ORL–HNS) Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Speciality
Consultant Head & Neck and Thyroid Surgeon Registrar
The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; and Health Education North East
Professor of Robotic and Endoscopic Head and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Neck Surgery
The Institute of Cancer Research, London; and Kumar Prabhash MD
Visiting Professor Professor and Consultant Medical Oncologist
Northern Institute for Cancer Research Department of Medical Oncology
Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Tata Memorial Centre
Homi Bhabha National Institute
Nachi Palaniappan MD MRCP FRCR Mumbai, India.
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Velindre Cancer Centre Paul Pracy FRCS(ORL–HNS)
Cardiff, UK. Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and
Neck Surgeon
Carsten E Palme MBBS FRACS University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Westmead Hospital Birmingham, UK.
University of Sydney, Australia.
Mark Puvanendran FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Nimesh N Patel FRCS(ORL) MSc(Newc) MSc(Oxf) Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist, Head, Neck and
DIU de Chirurgie Robotique Thyroid Surgeon
Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist/Head, Neck and Broomfield Hospital
Thyroid Surgeon Essex, UK.
University Hospital Southampton
Southampton, UK. Kristen B Pytynia MD MPH
Associate Professor Head and Neck Surgery
Snehal G Patel MD MD Anderson Cancer Center
Associate Attending Surgeon Houston, USA.
Head and Neck Service
Department of Surgery Ullas Raghavan FRCS(ORL–HNS)
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Consultant ENT and Facial Plastic Surgeon
New York, USA. Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
Doncaster, UK.
Joanne M Patterson FRCSLT
Macmillan Speech and Language Therapist Sajjad Rajpar MRCP
Sunderland Royal Hospital Consultant Dermatologist
Honorary Senior Lecturer University Hospital Birmingham
Newcastle University Birmingham, UK.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Marc Remacle MD PhD
Santdeep Paun FRCS(ORL-HNS) David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Consultant Facial Plastic Surgeon Department of Head & Neck Surgery
St Bartholomew’s Hospital & The Royal London Los Angeles, USA.
Hospitals
London, UK. Catherine Rennie FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Specialist Registrar
Susannah E Penney MBChB DOHNS FRCS(ORL-HNS) Otolaryngology Department
Consultant in Ear Nose and Throat Surgery Charing Cross Hospital
Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester, UK. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
London, UK.

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 xvi Contributors

Gerhard Rettinger Prof Dr Dr h c Babak Sadoughi MD FACS

Head ENT University Department Assistant Professor
Ulm, Germany. ENT Otolaryngologist
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Faruque Riffat BSc(Med) MBBS(Hons 1) MS(ORL) FACS Weill Medical College of Cornell University
FRACS(ORL-HNS) New York, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery
Westmead Hospital Hesham Saleh FRCS(ORL–HNS)
University of Sydney, Australia. Consultant Rhinologist / Facial Plastic Surgeon and
Honorary Senior Lecturer
Max Robinson PhD FRCPath Otolaryngology Department
Senior Lecturer in Oral Pathology Charing Cross Hospital
Newcastle University Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. London, UK.

Andrew Robson FRCS(ORL) Guri S Sandhu MD FRCS(ORL-HNS) Hon FRAM

ENT Consultant Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and
Director of Education ENTUK Neck Surgeon
North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust Imperial College London; and
Cumbria, UK. Honorary Senior Lecturer
University College Hospital
Justin WG Roe BA(Hons) PGDip MSc PhD Cert MRCSLT London, UK.
Joint Head-Department of Speech and Language Therapy
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Mark Sayles MB BChir PhD
Clinical Service Lead - Speech and Language Therapy Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
(Airways / ENT) Queen’s Medical Centre
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; and Nottingham University Hospitals’ NHS Trust
Honorary Lecturer Nottingham, UK.
Department of Surgery and Cancer
Imperial College London Jatin Shah MD PhD
London, UK. Head and Neck Service
Department of Surgery
Simon Rogers BDS MBChB(Hons) FSD RCS(Eng) FRCS(Eng) Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre
FRCS(Max) MD New York, USA.
Professor and Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon
Aintree University Hospital Andrew J Sidebottom BDS(Hons) FDSRCS MBChB(Hons)
Liverpool, UK. FRCS FRCS(OMFS)
Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
Nicholas J Roland MD FRCS Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; and
Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon Honorary Assistant Professor (Clinical)
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Nottingham, UK.
Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Liverpool, UK. Ricard Simo FRCS(ORL–HNS)
Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon
Julian M Rowe-Jones FRCS(ORL) Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;
Consultant ENT / Facial Plastic Surgeon and
The Nose Clinic Honorary Senior Lecturer
Guildford, UK. Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ Medical and Dental School
London, UK.
John S Rubin MD FRCS FACS
Consultant ENT Surgeon T Singh MBChB BSc(Hons) MMedSci MS MD PhD FRCS
University College London Hospitals NHS Trust; and Eng(GEN Surg) FRCS(Eng) (OTO) FRCS(Eng) (ORL-HNS)
Visiting Honorary Professor MRCGP DFFP FHEA PGCert
University of London School of Health Sciences ENT Surgeon
Honorary Senior Lecturer, UCL Southampton General Hospital
London, UK. Southampton, UK.

Claudia Rudack MD PhD Sanjai Sood FRCS(ORL-HNS)

Chair and Professor Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist-Head &
ENT Department Neck Surgeon
University Hospital Bradford Teaching Hospitals
Münster, Germany. Bradford, UK.

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 Contributors xvii

Konrad S Staines BChD FDSRCS(Eng) MOMed RCS(Edin) Adrian T Warfield FRCPATH

Consultant & Senior Lecturer in Oral Medicine Consultant Histo-Cytopathologist, University Hospital
University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; and
Bristol Dental School Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer
Bristol, UK. University of Birmingham
Birmingham, UK.
Erich M Sturgis MD MPH FACS Head and Neck Surgery
Professor in Head and Neck Surgery Laura Warner FRCS(ORL-HNS)
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Training Interface Group Fellow, Head and Neck Surgery
Houston, Texas. Freeman Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals
Lucian Sulica MD Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Sean Parker Professor of Laryngology
Director, Sean Parker Institute for the Voice Aoife M I Waters MRCS DO-HNS
Department of Otolaryngology ENT Registrar
Weill Cornell Medical College Freeman Hospital
New York, USA. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

Steven Thomas PhD FRCS John C Watkinson MSc(Nuclear Medicine; London)

Professor / Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon MS(London) FRCS(General Surgery) FRCS(ENT) DLO
University of Bristol One-Time Honorary Senior Lecturer and Consultant
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust ENT/Head and Neck and Thyroid Surgeon, Queen
Bristol, UK. Elizabeth Hospital
University of Birmingham NHS Trust and latterly the
Chafeek Tomeh MD MPH Royal Marsden and Brompton Hospitals, London, UK
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Specialist Currently Consultant Head and Neck and Thyroid
Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Surgeon, University Hospital, Coventry and Warwick
Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center NHS Trust; and
Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Honorary Consultant ENT/Head and Neck and Thyroid
Surgeon, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH)
Dean M Toriumi MD Honorary Senior Anatomy Demonstrator, University
Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery College London (UCL)
University of Illinois Business Director, Endocrine MDT, The BUPA Cromwell
Chicago, Illinois, USA. Hospital, London, UK.

Maria Teresa Guerrero Urbano PhD FRCR MRCPI LMS Mark G Watson FRCS
Consultant Clinical Oncologist and Honorary Consultant ENT / Head and Neck Surgeon
Senior Lecturer Doncaster Royal Infirmary
Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Doncaster; and
and King’s College London President-Elect
London, UK. British Laryngological Association
London, UK.
Vincent Vander Poorten MD PhD MSc
Associate Professor of Otorhinolaryngology Simon Watts FRCS
Head and Neck Surgery and Epidemiology Consultant ENT and Facial Plastic Surgeon
Section Head of Head and Neck Oncology Department Royal Sussex County Hospital NHS Trust
of Oncology Brighton, UK.
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Nicholas White BSc(Hons) MD MPH(HTA) FRCS(Plast) FFFMLM
Nikolina Vlatković BSc PhD Consultant Plastic and Craniofacial Surgeon
Senior Lecturer Birmingham Children’s Hospital and Queen Elizabeth
Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine Hospital
University of Liverpool Birmingham, UK; and
Liverpool, UK. National Clinical Lead
Medical Directorate
Shajahan Wahed FRCS MD NHS Improvement
Consultant Oesophagogastric Surgeon London, UK.
Northern Oesophagogastric Unit
Royal Victoria Infirmary; and
Associate Lecturer
Northern Institute for Cancer Research
Newcastle University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

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 xviii Contributors

Richard Wight FRCS(ORL) Steve Worrollo FIMPT

Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and Consultant Maxillofacial Prosthetist
Neck Surgeon Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
James Cook University Hospital University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
South Tees Hospitals NHSFT Birmingham, UK.
Middlesbrough, UK.
Volkert Wreesmann MD PhD
Stuart Winter MD FRCS(ORL-HNS) Head and Neck Service
Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist–Head and Department of Surgery
Neck Surgeon Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre
Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust New York, USA.
Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Oxford
Oxford, UK. Ivan Zammit-Maempel MBChB(Hons) MRCP FRCR
Consultant Radiologist
Julia A Woolgar BDS FRCPath FDS RCS(Eng) PhD Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Emeritus Senior Lecturer in Oral Pathology Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, UK.

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