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Server Software Guide for Setting up a Server
By Vladimir Kaplarevic Published: April 17, 2025
Topics:

A server's software stack largely determines its function, the hardware resources it requires, and how it integrates with
the rest of the infrastructure.
Before provisioning a server, you must decide which core software components, such as database systems,
hypervisors, or load balancers, must be deployed within the network topology.
This guide lists popular server software options and explains how these solutions support specific server
roles.

What Is Server Software?

Server software is a set of programs and supporting data that enable a server to respond to incoming client requests
and deliver services over a network.
These software solutions can run on physical servers, virtual machines (VMs), or containers, regardless of whether
the server is deployed in a colocation facility, cloud environment, or on-prem data center. Examples of server
software include:
• Apache/Nginx/IIS. Web server software serves websites and web applications by handling incoming HTTP/HTTPS
client requests.
• MySQL/PostgreSQL/MariaDB. Database management systems (DBMS) allow users to query databases, store
structured and unstructured data, and manage roles and access control.
• Postfix/Microsoft Exchange. Email server software is used in enterprise environments to send, receive, and store
large volumes of email communication.
• Samba. File-sharing software enables secure file sharing across a network and is commonly used for internal file
servers.
• VMware ESXi/Hyper-V. Virtualization platforms are used to deploy virtual server environments and manage
multiple VMs on a single physical machine.
• Docker/Kubernetes. Containerization and orchestration platforms package, deploy, and manage applications in
small, isolated environments across server clusters.
• Node.js/Apache Tomcat. Application server software runs server-side logic, APIs, and backend services in business
or development environments.
• BIND/Microsoft DNS. Domain Name System(DNS) software translates domain names into IP addresses on public
networks or private DNS servers.
• Let's Encrypt/Certbot. Specialized tools automate HTTPS encryption and enable admins to issue and renew SSL/
TLS certificates on web servers.
• Squid/Varnish/Redis. Caching and proxy solutions that improve web performance by storing frequently accessed
content and reducing bandwidth usage.
This list highlights some of the most well-known and widely used server software, but is by no means comprehensive.
The following sections provide a more detailed account of different solutions organized by specific server roles.

How Does a Server Work?

Servers are configured to perform specific functions based on their role in the network. Their capabilities depend on the
installed server software and available hardware resources.
Server software enables a machine to listen for requests, respond to clients, and perform designated operations. The
interaction is governed by the client-server model that works as follows:
1. Devices or applications (clients) initiate requests to the server over a network, asking it to deliver content, store
data, authenticate users, or perform other tasks.
2. The server software continuously listens for inbound client requests on specific network ports and can handle
multiple concurrent requests using multithreading or asynchronous I/O.
3. Based on the type of request, the server passes it to the relevant local software component for processing or
forwards the request to another upstream server.
4. The server generates a response and sends it back to the client as a webpage, file, confirmation message, or
structured data output.
5. This request-response loop runs continuously to support real-time interaction between applications and services.

During this process, supporting software tools on the server monitor this activity and record performance metrics and
events for later analysis and troubleshooting. Many servers also have load balancers and failover mechanisms to
distribute traffic evenly and ensure uptime during heavy workloads.

Server Operating Systems

The first software you are likely to install on a dedicated server is a server operating system (OS). The operating
system allows you to manage the server's hardware and system resources and is a foundation for running other server
software. While many server operating systems exist, Linux dominates the market with a share of almost 80%.
Major server operating systems include:
• Linux. Linux is a free and open-source operating system known for its flexibility, small footprint, and rich ecosystem.
Though it requires technical knowledge to install, configure, and maintain, it is the first choice for most server
deployments. Some of the most popular Linux server distributions are Ubuntu Server, Debian, Fedora, OpenSUSE
Leap, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Arch Linux.
• Windows Server. Developed by Microsoft, Windows Server is a commercial OS built for enterprise-grade workloads.
It supports a wide range of Microsoft applications and services, includes a full desktop GUI, and integrates tightly with
Active Directory, Hyper-V, and PowerShell. It's a logical choice for organizations already using Windows
infrastructure.
• RHEL. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a subscription-based Linux distribution developed and maintained by Red
Hat. It offers long-term support, guaranteed compatibility with enterprise applications, and access to Red Hat's
support services and management tools.
• FreeBSD. FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-based OS that includes a complete and integrated system,
including the kernel, drivers, and userland tools. It is known for its performance, advanced networking stack, and
strong security model. FreeBSD is often used as a platform for deploying firewalls, storage servers, and high-
performance web servers.

 Note: If you are still unsure which operating system to choose, read our guide for a detailed
comparison of server OS options and their ideal use cases.

Server Operating Systems: How to Choose

Choosing a server operating system directly impacts which software components you can install and how reliably they
run. Additionally, some tools and services are only compatible with specific OS families, and even when they do run
across platforms, you may encounter issues during updates or long-term maintenance.
When choosing an OS, pay special attention to the following features and functions:
• Workload type. What type of server are you planning to deploy: a web server, database server, mail server, or file
server? Each server type requires a different technology stack and has specific software and resource needs.
• Compatibility with existing infrastructure. If your current infrastructure is Windows-based, deploying a Linux
server may introduce integration challenges. Therefore, aim for consistency unless you have specific reasons to mix
OS environments.
• Hardware requirements. Ensure your hardware can meet the demands of the OS and the applications it will run.
• Server role. Determine whether the server will be dedicated, host specific applications, or function as an edge
server. The role influences the performance, OS footprint, and administrative overhead required.
• Security requirements. If you are handling sensitive data, choose an OS that supports robust and automated
security features like built-in firewalls and access controls or supports security frameworks like SELinux or AppArmor.
• Support lifecycle. Consider which operating system offers long-term support, especially for paid enterprise solutions.
Avoid deploying systems that are close to end-of-life (EOL), as upgrading later may require a full redeployment.
• Licensing and cost. While free and open-source options are popular, paid operating systems often provide formal
support, stability, and certification for enterprise applications. Also, review licensing terms; even some "free" operating
systems have restrictions based on usage scenarios.
• Ease of use. Linux systems often require more technical expertise than Windows. Evaluate the technical capabilities
within your organization before committing to a particular OS.
• Integration and compatibility. Not all applications are compatible across all operating systems. Check software
requirements and supported environments to avoid issues with key tools or services.
• Platform features and extensibility. Consider native support for features like package managers, virtualization
tools, and container orchestration tools like Docker or Kubernetes. These affect long-term scalability and flexibility.
The following table provides a quick comparison of different operating systems:

Feature Linux (General) Windows Server RHEL FreeBSD

Web, database, DNS, Web, file, print, AD, Enterprise-grade web, High-performance
Workload Type mail, file servers, .NET, enterprise DB, cloud, certified web, firewalls,
DevOps, containers. workloads. business apps. storage, and routing.
Ideal for Microsoft
Best for open Less common in
Compatibility with ecosystems; not ideal environments; Designed for large- mixed environments;
integrates tightly with scale Linux-based
Infrastructure for Windows-native works best in BSD-
AD, Exchange, and enterprise setups.
setups. .NET. only stacks.

Moderate to high
Requires enterprise-
Hardware Low to moderate requirements Lightweight and
grade hardware in
Requirements footprint. depending on version some cases. efficient.
and GUI.
Suited for GUI-based
Highly flexible; Best for mission- Specialized: excels in
roles, file and print
Server Role Flexibility supports nearly any services, and hybrid critical, long-life-cycle edge, security, and
server role. servers. storage use cases.
AD networks.

Strong; SELinux, Advanced security Secure by design;

Security Features AppArmor, iptables, Built-in Defender,
policies, hardened includes ipfw and jails
Group Policies,
nftables. BitLocker. kernel, SELinux. for isolation.

Varies by distro, for Up to 10+ years with Community-driven;

Support Lifecycle example, 5–10 years ~10 years (5+5 with EUS (Extended long-lived but less
for Ubuntu LTS. Extended Support). Update Support). formalized.
Free and open-source
Licensing & Cost (mostly); some Commercial; licensed Subscription-based Completely free and
enterprise editions per user or core. model (paid). open-source.
have paid support.
CLI-based; primarily
for advanced users, Very user-friendly; full CLI-focused; better Steep learning curve;
Ease of Use but some distros GUI; low learning
(e.g., Ubuntu) are curve. for trained sysadmins. minimal GUI;
advanced users only.
user-friendly.
Great open-source Excellent Windows Certified for many
software support; Limited third-party
Integration & some proprietary software compatibility; enterprise apps; app support; strong
Compatibility software may lack limited open-source strong compatibility BSD-native toolchain.
flexibility. with vendors.
compatibility.
Extensive package
managers (APT, Ports system, jails,
Platform Features & Built-in Hyper-V, Podman, Docker, bhyve hypervisor;
Extensibility YUM, DNF, pacman); PowerShell, Windows OpenShift, certified
Docker, Kubernetes, Containers. repos. fewer third-party
KVM. integrations.
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Feature Linux (General) Windows Server RHEL FreeBSD

Huge global
Community / Support community; paid Microsoft commercial Enterprise-grade Small but technically
Model support is optional via support. support from Red Hat. strong community.
vendors.

Types of Servers
When setting up a server, admins often need to install multiple software components to enable the system to perform
its intended role.
The required software depends on the deployed server type. For example, a web server, database server, or gaming
server relies on different technology stacks. The following section lists standard technology stacks used for various
server roles.
Web Server
Web server software components handle incoming HTTP or HTTPS requests, interpret them, locate the correct
resources, and deliver web content to client web browsers.
Popular web server software includes:
• Apache HTTP Server. Apache is widely used in both Linux and Windows environments. It is free and open-source,
with extensive configuration options and broad compatibility.
• NGINX. A lightweight, high-performance web server. It is primarily used to serve static content and is known for its
load balancing, reverse proxy capabilities, and handling of concurrent connections.
• Microsoft IIS. A proprietary web server developed by Microsoft, integrated tightly into Windows environments.
Commonly used in enterprise infrastructures running on Windows Server.
• LiteSpeed. A commercial web server focused on speed and scalability. Compatible with Apache configurations and
widely used in cPanel-based hosting and high-traffic websites.
A fully functional web server stack needs additional components besides the web server software. For instance, it
usually includes multiple software layers for data storage, security, scripting, and content delivery.
The following table lists possible example technology stacks for setting up a web server:

Operating Scripting Database

Web Server Stack Example System Language Management SSL Tool
System
Let's Encrypt,
Apache LAMP Linux PHP, Python MySQL, MariaDB Certbot

MariaDB, Certbot,
NGINX LEMP Linux PHP, Python, Go OpenSSL, Let's
PostgreSQL
Encrypt

Microsoft IIS WIMP Windows Server ASP.NET, .NET MSSQL, Azure Built-in, Custom
Core SQL CA

LiteSpeed CyberPanel Linux PHP MySQL (Apache- Built-in ACME,

compatible) Certbot

Application Server
Application server software executes backend code, interacts with databases or APIs, manages user sessions, and
enforces business rules. A web server routes client requests to the application server, which processes them
dynamically and returns real-time responses.
For example, when a user tries to log in, the web server forwards the request to the application server, which handles
authentication and returns a response via the web server back to the client.

Examples of application server software include:

• Apache Tomcat. A lightweight and open-source application server that provides a runtime environment for
deploying Java-based web applications.
• WildFly. An open-source application server that supports the Java EE specification. It is well-suited for large-scale
Java applications, with native integration with Kubernetes and OpenShift.
• NGINX Unit. A dynamic application server that seamlessly integrates with Nginx. It supports multiple languages and
frameworks, including Python, PHP, Ruby, and Go.
• Express.js. A minimalist and widely used framework for building APIs and web applications in Node.js.
• Microsoft IIS with .NET Core. IIS integrates with the .NET Core framework to act as an application server. This
configuration is commonly used for web apps in Windows-based environments.
• Kestrel. A high-performance, cross-platform server used for ASP.NET Core applications. It is often deployed behind
a reverse proxy such as NGINX or IIS.
• Puma. A concurrent Ruby application server is often used to run Ruby on Rails applications.
A complete application server setup often includes a web server, application server, scripting runtime, and database.
The following table lists example technology stacks used to deploy application servers:

Application Server Stack Example Reverse Proxy Containerized Used For

(Components) Deployment
Spring MVC App
Apache Tomcat (Java: Servlets/JSP, NGINX, Apache
Docker, Kubernetes
Java Servlets, JSP,
PostgreSQL or HTTP Spring Apps
MySQL).
Jakarta EE Stack
(WildFly, Java EE NGINX, Apache Enterprise Java
WildFly Docker, OpenShift
APIs, PostgreSQL or HTTP Applications
Oracle DB).
Polyglot Stack
(optional language Python, PHP, Ruby,
NGINX Unit runtimes: PHP, NGINX Docker, Kubernetes Go Applications
Python, Go, Ruby).
MERN Stack
Docker, PM2, REST APIs, Web
Express.js (Node.js, Express.js, NGINX
MongoDB, React). Kubernetes Applications

Windows Containers, Web apps and

IIS with .NET Core ASP.NET Stack IIS (Reverse Proxy)
Azure App Service services on Windows
ASP.NET Core Stack
Kestrel (Kestrel, .NET Core NGINX, IIS Docker, Azure Web .NET Core APIs and
Runtime, MSSQL or Apps Web Applications
PostgreSQL).
Ruby on Rails Stack
(Puma, Ruby on NGINX, Apache Docker, Heroku Concurrent Ruby
Puma
Rails, PostgreSQL or HTTP Buildpack Web Applications
MySQL)

Mail Server
An email server is a specialized system that sends, receives, stores, and routes email messages over the Internet. It
uses standard email protocols like SMTP to send messages and POP3 or IMAP to receive and retrieve them. As a
result, these protocols allow users to access and manage their inboxes from different devices and locations.
Beyond basic message delivery, modern email servers also handle user authentication, spam filtering, encryption,
and storage management.
Examples of email server software include:
• Postfix. This open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) is well-suited for general-purpose email delivery in a Linux
environment. Admins usually pair it with Dovecot to provide IMAP/POP3 mailbox access.
• Exim. A flexible mail server designed for Unix-like systems. It is known for its customization options and custom
routing logic.
• Microsoft Exchange Server. A company that uses a Windows-based environment will most likely implement this
email and calendaring server due to its tight integration with Microsoft 365 and Outlook.
• Dovecot. A high-performance IMAP/POP3 server that provides secure mailbox access. It is often used with MTAs
like Exim and Postfix.
• Zimbra. Includes an email server with webmail, calendar, and contact management. It is a strong open-source
alternative to Microsoft Exchange for organizations needing groupware features.
In addition to email server software, a complete mail server stack requires additional technologies for security, data
storage, client access, and protocol support:

Stack Example Security/Anti- Containerized

Mail Server OS (Typical) Used For
(Components) Spam Deployment
Linux Mail Stack
(Postfix, Dovecot,
SpamAssassin, SpamAssassin, Docker, Mailcow, General-purpose
Postfix + Dovecot ClamAV, Let’s
Ubuntu, Debian
Rspamd iRedMail email hosting
Encrypt, optional
Fail2ban).
Unix Mail Stack
(Exim, Dovecot, Highly
DKIM/DMARC
Debian, FreeBSD ClamAV,
DKIM/ Docker, Custom
Exim + Dovecot configurable mail
tools, ClamAV, DMARC tools containers systems
optional
Rspamd).
Exchange Stack
(Exchange Enterprise
Microsoft Built-in Exchange Hyper-V, Azure
Server, Active Windows Server Windows-based
Exchange tools Stack
Directory, Outlook mail services
integration).
Prebuilt Docker
Stack (Postfix,
Dovecot,
Mailcow (Postfix + Rspamd, SOGo, Linux (Docker Rspamd, ACME, All-in-one modern
Docker Compose
Dovecot) ClamAV, MySQL, host) Let's Encrypt mail suite
Redis, ACME,
web admin
panel).
Zimbra
Collaboration
Suite (Zimbra
Mail, Webmail, Webmail +
Built-in (Amavis, Docker, Native
Zimbra LDAP, Amavis, Ubuntu, RHEL ClamAV) installer calendar +
ClamAV, groupware
SpamAssassin,
MySQL, NGINX
frontend).

Database Server
A database server responds to structured and unstructured data queries initiated by client applications. At the core of
a database server is the database software instance, which manages memory structures, indexing, and background
processes that interact with physical database files.

Database servers are required by nearly all modern applications, from websites and mobile apps to enterprise
systems and analytics platforms. Depending on the workload, a database server can run a relational database
(RDBMS) or a non-relational database (NoSQL).
Database server examples include:
• MySQL. One of the most widely used relational database management systems that implements the SQL standard. It
supports web applications, websites, and content management systems like WordPress and Joomla.
• PostgreSQL. An open-source relational database known for standards compliance, extensibility, and advanced
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features such as JSON support, indexing, and concurrency control.
• MariaDB. A community-developed fork of MySQL focused on open-source governance and performance
improvements.
• MongoDB. A cross-platform, document-oriented NoSQL DBMS that stores data in flexible JSON-like formats.
Commonly used in modern JavaScript stacks and microservices.
• Redis. An in-memory key-value store used for caching, session management, message queues, and real-time
analytics. Known for speed and simplicity.
• Elasticsearch. A distributed search and analytics engine optimized for full-text search, log analysis, and real-time
data exploration. Often used alongside the ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
The following table outlines database servers, data types, use cases, and deployment environments:

Containerized
Database Server Stack Components OS Deployment Used For

MySQL Server, Traditional web apps,

MySQL MySQL CLI, or Docker, Bitnami,
(RDBMS) Adminer, and optional Linux, Windows MAMP CMS, and small-to-
medium data sets.
replication tools.

PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, Advanced data

pgAdmin, PostGIS, Linux, Windows, BSD Docker, Helm, models, analytics,
(RDBMS) Kubernetes
extensions. and geospatial data.

MariaDB MariaDB Server, Docker, MariaDB Open-source MySQL

(RDBMS) Galera Cluster Linux container alternative, faster
(optional). writes.
MongoDB Server, JSON-like
MongoDB Compass GUI, Linux, macOS, Docker, Atlas, documents, MERN
(NoSQL) Replica Set config. Windows Kubernetes stack, microservices.

Redis Redis Server, Redis Caching, queues,

(NoSQL) CLI, Sentinel, Cluster. Linux, BSD Docker, Redis Stack session storage, and
real-time apps.

Elasticsearch Elasticsearch, Kibana Docker, Elastic Stack Log analysis, search

(NoSQL) (UI), Logstash, or Linux images engines, and
Beats. observability.

DNS Server
DNS servers translate the human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses through a process
called DNS resolution. While anyone can use public DNS servers (like Google or Cloudflare) for general browsing,
enterprises often combine public and private DNS servers to meet internal and security requirements.
Therefore, private DNS servers are necessary when internal DNS data must remain confidential or isolated from public
infrastructure. In addition, they enable organizations to enforce DNS-based access controls and improve local
resolution speed without exposing sensitive queries.

Note: The function of a DNS server depends on its designated role within the DNS hierarchy (e.g.,
 authoritative, recursive, forwarding). Learn about different DNS server types and how they work
together to resolve domains efficiently.

DNS server software used in a private environment includes:

• BIND. The most widely used open-source DNS server supports authoritative and recursive roles with full zone
management capabilities.
• Unbound. A modern, lightweight DNS resolver optimized for speed and security. Often used as a caching forwarder.
• PowerDNS. A flexible, API-driven DNS server with support for SQL backends, REST APIs, and DNSSEC.
• Microsoft DNS Server. Integrated into Windows Server and Active Directory environments for internal domain and
host resolution.
• dnsmasq. A lightweight DNS forwarder and DHCP server, ideal for small networks, embedded devices, and
containerized environments.
The following table outlines DNS server stacks, their typical roles, use cases, and deployment options:

DNS Server Role Stack OS Containerized Used For

Components Deployment
Hosting public
BIND (named),
BIND Authoritative, Zone files, ACLs, Linux, BSD Docker, Manual zones and
Recursive DNSSEC builds internal name
resolution.
Unbound, DNS caching,
Recursive, optional Docker, upstream
Unbound Caching forwarding rules, Linux Kubernetes resolution, and
DNSSEC DNS privacy.
PowerDNS,
MySQL, or Docker, Helm Managed DNS
PowerDNS Authoritative PostgreSQL Linux services, dynamic
backend, REST Charts DNS records.
API
Windows DNS Internal name
Microsoft DNS Authoritative, AD- Service, Active Windows Server Hyper-V, Native resolution in
integrated Directory Windows
integration environments.
dnsmasq, DHCP Docker, Lightweight
dnsmasq Forwarder, DHCP server, local zone Linux Embedded use internal DNS,
configs cases small networks.

Proxy Server
A proxy server is an intermediary system between a client device and the broader internet. When a client requests a
web resource, the proxy intercepts the request, forwards it to the destination server, retrieves the content, and returns it
to the client.
In enterprise and educational environments, proxies are often used to monitor and restrict internet usage, mask client
IP addresses, reduce bandwidth consumption through caching, and enforce network security policies by filtering
specific domains or content types.

 Note: Learn about the different types of proxy servers and how they are used in the wider
network topology.

Proxy server software includes:

• Squid. A widely used caching and forwarding proxy server that supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. Used in schools,
ISPs, and corporate networks.
• HAProxy. A high-performance reverse proxy and load balancer used in high-availability and high-traffic web
environments.
• NGINX. A lightweight web server often configured as a reverse proxy for HTTP and TCP/UDP traffic, with built-in
load balancing and caching support.
• Apache Traffic Server. A scalable proxy and caching solution designed for large-scale deployments.
• 3proxy. A lightweight proxy server suite is suitable for small-scale deployments and development or embedded use
cases.
• Privoxy. A non-caching, privacy-enhancing web proxy with ad blocking and content filtering support.
The following table lists proxy server software, the type of proxy, typical use cases, supported protocols, and
deployment options:

Supported Containerized
Proxy Server Type OS Used For
Protocols Deployment
Caching, access
Squid Forward Proxy HTTP, HTTPS, Linux, BSD Docker, Custom control, and
FTP builds
content filtering.
Load balancing,
HTTP, HTTPS, Docker, SSL termination,
HAProxy Reverse Proxy Linux
TCP Kubernetes and high-traffic
apps.
Load balancing,
HTTP, HTTPS, Linux, BSD, Docker, NGINX caching, and
NGINX Reverse Proxy
TCP, UDP Windows official image static content
delivery.
High-performance
Apache Traffic Docker, Custom
Reverse Proxy HTTP, HTTPS Linux content delivery
Server builds
and caching.
Lightweight multi-
HTTP, HTTPS, Docker,
3proxy Forward/Mixed Linux, Windows protocol proxy in
SOCKS Embedded use
small setups.
Docker, Privacy filtering,
Privoxy Forward Proxy HTTP (non- Linux, Windows Lightweight ad blocking, and
caching)
containers header control.

DHCP Server
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server automatically assigns IP addresses and other configuration
parameters, like subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers, to a client device when it connects to the network.
Most DHCP solutions are deployed in enterprise LANs, wireless networks, and home routers as single-purpose
services and require minimal dependencies and technology stacks.
Examples of DHCP server software include:
• Kea DHCP. Kea is built for high performance and modularity. It supports DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 with dynamic
reconfiguration, RESTful API integration, and optional MySQL/PostgreSQL backends.
• dnsmasq. A lightweight DHCP and DNS forwarder used in small networks, embedded devices, or edge routers. It's
often bundled with firmware like OpenWRT and is valued for its low resource usage, simple configuration, and
integration with local DNS resolution.
• Microsoft DHCP Server. Integrated into Windows Server, this DHCP solution is commonly deployed in enterprise
Windows environments.
• UDHCPD. A compact DHCP server daemon for lightweight, resource-constrained deployments such as IoT devices.
It is included in the BusyBox suite and is designed for minimal Linux environments and embedded systems.
The following table compares DHCP server software:

Supported Containerized
DHCP Server Type Protocols OS Deployment Used For

Legacy enterprise
deployments;
ISC DHCP Server DHCPv4
and Docker, Custom
DHCP, BOOTP Linux, BSD static/dynamic
DHCPv6 images
address
assignment.
High-performance
environments,
Modular DHCP DHCPv4, Linux, BSD, Docker,
Kea DHCP server DHCPv6 macOS Kubernetes ready dynamic API-
based config, and
scalability.
Small networks,
routers, and
Lightweight DHCP, TFTP, Linux, OpenWRT, Docker, Alpine
dnsmasq embedded
DHCP DNS Embedded builds
devices with a low
memory footprint.
Windows-centric
Microsoft DHCP Windows networks with
Server Integrated DHCP DHCPv4 Windows Server containers Active Directory
(limited) and DNS
integration.
Lightweight
DHCP in
embedded
UDHCPD Minimal DHCP DHCP Embedded Linux, Docker, BusyBox systems or
(BusyBox) server Minimal distros images
resource-
constrained
deployments.

File Server
A file server is a specialized system that stores, manages, and distributes files within a network. The centralized file
storage allows users to retrieve, upload, and modify files from a shared location.

File servers typically use standard file-sharing protocols like SMB, NFS, or FTP to ensure interoperability between
Linux-based, Windows, and macOS systems. This feature is essential for business environments because it simplifies
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user collaboration and provides greater access controls.
Notable file server software includes:
• Samba. An open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol. It allows Linux and Unix systems to share files
and printers with Windows machines, ideal for mixed-OS environments.
• Windows File Server. A fully integrated file-sharing service built into Windows Server. It is optimized for Active
Directory domains and large-scale enterprise environments.
• NFS Server. A native file-sharing service on most Linux distributions offers high-performance access and
compatibility with Unix/Linux clients.
• FileZilla Server. An easy-to-configure FTP/SFTP server for Windows. It is suited for small businesses or setups
requiring secure remote file access.
• Synology DSM. A proprietary file server platform built into Synology NAS devices. It provides a web-based interface,
user management, and cross-platform file access for SMBs and home offices.
• Nextcloud/ownCloud. Open-source file hosting and sharing platforms. They can be used as self-hosted alternatives
to cloud storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive.
The following table lists file server software, typical use cases, supported protocols, and deployment options:

File Server Software Protocol(s) OS/Platform Containerized Used For

Supported Deployment
File and print sharing
Samba SMB, CIFS Linux, Unix, BSD Docker, Official image in cross-platform
networks (Linux ↔
Windows).
Enterprise file
sharing, AD
Windows File Server SMB, DFS, NFS (via Windows Server Windows containers integration, group
role) (limited)
policy, and permission
control.
Fast file sharing in
Linux/Unix
NFS Server NFSv3, NFSv4 Linux, Unix (built-in) Docker, Alpine, or environments and
base images mixed-OS data
centers.
Lightweight FTP/
Docker, Unofficial SFTP server for
FileZilla Server FTP, FTPS, SFTP Windows builds remote access or
small-scale
deployments.
Turnkey NAS and file
Synology DSM SMB, AFP, NFS, Synology NAS (Linux- Virtual DSM available server solution with
WebDAV, FTP based) rich UI and cross-
platform support.
Secure file hosting,
collaboration, and
Nextcloud/ownCloud HTTPS, WebDAV Linux, Docker, Hosted Docker,
ready
Kubernetes- private cloud
alternatives to
Dropbox.

Gaming Server
A game server is a dedicated system designed to host multiplayer video games. They often run on bare metal or virtual
machines with high-performance CPU and GPU resources to support large player counts, real-time world updates, and
reduced network latency.

Note: phoenixNAP offers a portfolio of dedicated game servers with built-in performance
 accelerators, advanced memory configurations, and flexible storage options for running demanding
multiplayer games like Minecraft, CS, ARK: Survival Evolved, and Team Fortress 2.

Notable game server software includes:

• Minecraft Server (Java/Bedrock Editions). Official server software from Mojang. Enables players to create and
manage custom Minecraft multiplayer worlds.
• SteamCMD. A command-line tool from Valve for installing and managing dedicated servers for Steam-based games
like CS:GO, ARK, Team Fortress 2, and Garry's Mod.
• FiveM. A third-party server framework for Grand Theft Auto V. Supports custom scripts, roleplay servers, and
multiplayer modifications.
• Factorio Headless Server. A lightweight, standalone server used for multiplayer sessions of the Factorio automation
game.
• Palworld Dedicated Server. Used to host persistent custom sessions in the survival-action game Palworld.
• Garry’s Mod Server. A Lua-scriptable sandbox multiplayer server, often deployed using SteamCMD and highly
customizable for modding communities.
The following table lists supported games, OS/platform compatibility, container support, and typical server software use
cases:

Game Server Containerized

Software Supported Game(s) OS / Platform Deployment Used For

Hosting custom
Minecraft Server Minecraft (Java and Windows, Linux Docker, Community Minecraft worlds with
(Java/Bedrock) Bedrock editions) images mod/plugin support.
Installing, updating,
CS:GO, ARK, Team
Windows, Linux, Docker, Kubernetes- and managing Steam-
SteamCMD Fortress 2, Garry's macOS ready based dedicated
Mod, etc.
game servers.
Hosting modded or
Docker, Community
FiveM Grand Theft Auto V Windows, Linux scripts roleplay GTA V
multiplayer servers.
Running persistent
Factorio Headless Factorio Windows, Linux Docker, Official multiplayer sessions
Server headless image with automation
scripts.
Hosting co-op or PvP
Palworld Dedicated Palworld Windows (Linux Docker (community) multiplayer Palworld
Server unofficial)
sessions.
Hosting sandbox
Windows, Linux (via Docker, SteamCMD servers with Lua-
Garry's Mod Server Garry's Mod
SteamCMD) builds based modding and
custom maps.

Print Server
A print server distributes print jobs from multiple client devices to one or more network-connected printers. The server
prioritizes and queues jobs to ensure documents are routed to the appropriate device securely and efficiently.
Organizations deploy these servers to reduce overhead, enforce print policies, and streamline resource usage by
centralizing printer administration.
Notable print server software and tools include:
• CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System). An open-source print server standard for Linux and macOS environments.
It supports modern printing workflows, including PDF and IPP (Internet Printing Protocol).
• Windows Print Server. Integrated with Windows Server. Offers centralized printer and driver management across
domains.
• Papercut MF/NG. Commercial print management software with advanced reporting, user quotas, secure print
release, and multi-platform support.
• PrintNode. A cloud-based print service designed for remote print job delivery and integration with SaaS and web-
based apps.
• LPR/LPD (Line Printer Daemon Protocol). Many network printers and basic print servers still support this legacy
Unix-based protocol for backward compatibility.
The table outlines protocol support, platform compatibility, deployment style, and typical usage scenarios for print
server software:

Print Server Supported Containerized

Software Protocol(s) OS / Platform Deployment Used For

Standard print server

for Unix/Linux
CUPS IPP, LPD, SMB Linux, macOS, Unix Docker, Official systems; supports
images desktop and
enterprise use.
Centralized printer
management in
Windows Print Server SMB, IPP, WSD Windows Server Windows containers Windows domains
(limited)
with Active Directory
integration.
Enterprise print
Cross-platform
IPP, SMB, LPD, Web Docker, Custom tracking, secure
PaperCut MF/NG (Windows, Linux,
Print macOS) builds printing, quotas, and
advanced reporting.
Cloud-native remote
HTTPS, IPP, custom Cross-platform Native SaaS, API printing for web apps
PrintNode
API (cloud-based) integration and multi-location
environments.
Legacy protocol for
LPR/LPD LPD Unix, Linux, legacy Lightweight container basic printing; still
systems images supported by many
network printers.

Maintaining Your Own Server Software - Advantages and Disadvantages

Servers are usually managed remotely using SSH terminal access or web-based control panels such as cPanel or
Webmin. If you do not use a hosted or managed server solution, you have complete control over how your servers and
security policies are configured.

However, this also means you are responsible for managing the technical complexity of running and maintaining
multiple software components.
Advantages
The benefits of managing your own server software include:
• Complete control. You can stack the software according to the needs, including deployment methods, performance
tuning, non-standard port assignments, and database optimization.
• Custom security policies. All security measures, firewall rules, patch management, SSL/TLS configuration, user
access, and audit logging are fully under your control, without third-party limitations.
• No vendor lock-in. You can redeploy or reconfigure servers as your needs evolve. There is no vendor to tie you to
specific components or long-term contracts.
• Building in-house know-how. Setting up and maintaining your own servers helps your technical team build
valuable, infrastructure-specific knowledge, which is useful for debugging and optimizing server performance in the
long run.
• Lower cost for long-term projects. A self-managed solution can be more cost-effective than fully managed
services, especially when leveraging open-source tools and internal staff to handle maintenance and support.
Disadvantages
The challenges of managing your own server software include:
• Full responsibility for setup and maintenance. You are responsible for the entire lifecycle, initial setup,
configuration, patching, updates, monitoring, and troubleshooting. This process can be time-consuming and
technically demanding.
• Security risks. Without managed support, it is easier to misconfigure settings, set up weak access controls, or miss
critical updates. If there is no service-level agreement (SLA), you are responsible for fixing the issue, which can
lead to downtime or liability.
• Additional staff. If your organization lacks in-house expertise, you may need to hire dedicated staff or consultants to
handle specific technical tasks.
• Scalability. Scaling infrastructure up or down requires manual planning, implementation, and testing, which can lead
to unexpected delays or higher costs.
Conclusion
The software components listed in this guide help set up a functional server environment based on the type of server
you plan to deploy.
If you are working with a Linux server, check out our Linux Network Commands guide for a quick refresher.