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Vinay and Darbelnet's translation model, introduced in 1958, categorizes translation techniques into Direct and Oblique Translation, significantly influencing modern translation practices. Direct translation is used when grammatical structures and meanings align, while oblique translation addresses linguistic and cultural differences when direct equivalence is not possible. This framework aids translators in balancing linguistic accuracy with cultural adaptation, essential for effective communication in global contexts.

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3 views

translation assign4

Vinay and Darbelnet's translation model, introduced in 1958, categorizes translation techniques into Direct and Oblique Translation, significantly influencing modern translation practices. Direct translation is used when grammatical structures and meanings align, while oblique translation addresses linguistic and cultural differences when direct equivalence is not possible. This framework aids translators in balancing linguistic accuracy with cultural adaptation, essential for effective communication in global contexts.

Uploaded by

Abdulhameed Mosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vinay & Darbelnet’s Translation

Procedures: Direct and Oblique


Translation

In 1958, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet introduced a


groundbreaking model in translation studies, categorizing
translation techniques into Direct Translation and Oblique
Translation. This model has profoundly influenced modern
translation practices by offering a structured approach to
navigating linguistic and cultural differences. It is widely
employed in professional translation to determine the most
effective strategy for preserving meaning and readability across
languages. The classification is based on the alignment of
structures and meanings between the source and target
languages. When direct equivalence exists, direct translation is
used; otherwise, an oblique approach is necessary to convey the
same meaning naturally.

Vinay and Darbelnet's framework remains highly relevant today


in various fields such as literary translation, business
communication, and localization. It helps translators decide
when to prioritize linguistic accuracy and when to adapt content
for better cultural reception. This distinction is crucial in global
industries where precise yet culturally appropriate
communication is essential.

Direct Translation

Direct translation methods are applied when the grammatical


structures and meanings between two languages are similar,
allowing for a straightforward translation without significant
modifications. These methods include:
1. Borrowing

 Definition: Borrowing involves taking a word or phrase


directly from the source language and using it in the target
language without translation.
 Usage: This method is used to maintain cultural references
or when no equivalent term exists in the target language. It
is common in fields like technology, fashion, and cuisine,
where specific terms become widely accepted across
multiple languages.
 Examples:
o Le weekend (French) → Weekend (English)
o Computer (English) → ‫(كمبيوتر‬Arabic)
o Pizza (Italian) → Pizza (English)
o Sushi (Japanese) → Sushi (English)
o Kimono (Japanese) → Kimono (English)

2. Calque

 Definition: A calque is a direct translation of the


components of a phrase from one language to another.
Unlike literal translation, which preserves the structure of
a sentence, calque focuses on translating each element of a
fixed expression while maintaining its meaning.
 Examples:
o Skyscraper (English) → ‫(ناطحة سحاب‬Arabic)
o Cold War (English) → ‫(الحرب الباردة‬Arabic)
o Lone wolf (English) → ‫(ذئب وحيد‬Arabic)
o Science-fiction (English) → Science-fiction
(French)
o Handy (German for mobile phone) → Handy
(English, though it means something different in
English)
3. Literal Translation

 Definition: Literal translation means translating word-for-


word while keeping the sentence structure unchanged, as
long as the result is grammatically correct.
 Examples:
o She is reading a book. → ‫هي تقرأ كتابًا‬.
o The sun rises in the east. → ‫تشرق الشمس من الشرق‬.
o They live in a big house. → ‫إنهم يعيشون في منزل كبير‬.

Oblique Translation

Oblique translation methods are used when a direct translation is


not possible due to significant linguistic or cultural differences.
These methods include:

4. Transposition

 Definition: Transposition involves changing the


grammatical category of a word or phrase without altering
its meaning.
 Examples:
o After he finished the work, he went home. → ‫بعد‬
‫ ذهب إلى المنزل‬،‫إنهائه للعمل‬.
o She quickly responded. → ‫ردت بسرعة‬.

5. Modulation

 Definition: Modulation involves changing the perspective


or point of view while keeping the meaning the same.
 Examples:
o It is not difficult. → It is easy.
o I give you my word. → I promise you.
6. Equivalence

 Definition: This technique is used to translate idiomatic


expressions and proverbs by finding an equivalent phrase
in the target language.
 Examples:
o It's raining cats and dogs. → It's raining heavily.
o Out of sight, out of mind. → Far from the eye, far
from the heart.

7. Adaptation

 Definition: Adaptation is used when cultural differences


require a concept to be adjusted to something more
familiar to the target audience.
 Examples:
o Christmas cake (English) → Eid cake (Arabic)
o Cricket (British sport) → Football (for an Arabic
audience unfamiliar with cricket).

Vinay and Darbelnet's translation model provides a structured


approach to translation by categorizing techniques into direct
and oblique translation. Understanding when to apply each
approach enables translators to maintain clarity, cultural
relevance, and readability, making translation both a skill and an
art. Additionally, it underscores the role of translation as more
than a linguistic process—it is a bridge between cultures,
helping to foster global understanding and effective
communication.
Name: Abdulhamid Mostafa Musa
Assignment:4
Dr/ Eman Allam
Translation

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