TEST 4

A. LISTENING (50 points):

Part 1: You will hear a conversation between two students about the course feedback form. Complete the
table below. (14 points)
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
STUDENT FEEDBACK FORM

Faculty: Politics and Economics

Course Name: (1) ___________________
Date : 20th March – 20 th June
Subject advisor: (2) ___________________

Advantages Disadvantages and suggestions

Handouts and clear and on time, perfect too many words, poor printer
equipment’s (3) ___________________

Course structure balanced design good organization too much research work in the (4)
___________________
Practical training Good for(5) need more different training places
___________________ learn more
knowledge
(6) _________________ quick feedback from presentation time of open – book exam is too short
too many essays
Other comments mobility teaching method need to strengthen our (7) ___________________

Part 2: You will hear part of a radio programme about bags for walkers. For questions 1-8, complete the
sentences. (16 points)
BAGS FOR WALKERS
A backpack could spoil your holiday if it doesn’t (1)___________________.
A 35-litre bag is good for (2)______________________.
An upright bag is recommended for people who are going to (3)______________________.
To protect breakable items choose a bag with a (4)________________________.
A bag with (5)____________________ inside will allow you to separate your belongings.
External pockets can be used to carry tools that are (6)___________________ or dirty.
It is important that shoulder straps are (7)_________________________.
Padded parts of the bag should have plenty of (8)_________________________ so that sweat.
Part 3: You will hear an interview which takes place on a show between the interviewer, Michaela Robinson, a
leading psychologist, Duncan Stone, and a former patient, Ian Smith. Write T (for True) or F (for False). Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. Mr. Stone thinks that psychiatrists don’t need any medical training.
2. Psychiatrists need to know how to make patients open up.
3. Ian Smith didn’t know what caused his nervousness.
4. Boys at school were friendly to Ian.
5. Mr. Stone found it difficult to get Ian’s life story.
Part 4: You will hear part of a radio programme in which a new book is being reviewed. (10 points)
For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1. The main reason that Isabella was unlikely to become a travel writer was that she
A. believed travel at that time was very dangerous.
B. was under an illusion about her health.
C. had never displayed much imagination.
D. had regarded travel as a man’s occupation.
2. Sarah thinks Isabella’s trips to Australia were surprising because she had previously
A. preferred an inactive lifestyle.
B. been frightened of animals.
C. never experienced extreme climates.
D. spent most of her time socializing.
3. According to Sarah, Isabella’s letters
A. should have been published earlier.
B. were based on newspaper articles.
C. may have exaggerated what she saw.
D. failed to provide enough details at times.
4. In Sarah’s opinion, Isabella’s personality was unusual because she
A. had rebelled against her father.
B. was at her best in challenging situations.
C. only pretended to be courageous.
D. traveled despite her illnesses.
5. According to Sarah, the book in its current form
A. does not make it clear how the letters have been edited.
B. ought to contain all of the letters Isabella wrote to HenriettA.
C. fails to include examples of Isabella’s bad experiences.
D. should be adapted so the style is familiar to readers today.
SECTION B. LEXICO- GRAMMAR (50 points)
Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. The brother and sister were _______ over who would get to inherit the beach house.
A. at large B. at odds C. at a standstill D. at a loose end
2. You can’t always depend on _______ on time.
A. the trains’ arriving B. the trains to arrive
C. the arriving of trains D. the train that arriving
3. In all _______ there will never be a Third World War.
A. odds B. probability C. certainty D. possibilities
4. Conversations you strike up with travelling acquaintances usually tend to be _______.
A. trivial B. perverse C. insufficient D. imperative
5. Because so much wheat has been sold to other countries, local supplies are _______.
A. expanded B. depleted C. apprehended D. preoccupied
6. Her performance in the last scene was quite ________.
A. describable B. remarkable C. notable D. noticeable
7. She was caught cheating in the race. _______, she was disqualified.
A. Explicitly B. Accordingly C. Equally D. Fundamentally
8. His laziness at work made him _______ with his workmate.
A. improper B. disliked C. unpopular D. unappealing
9. They came to inspect the house _______ buying it.
A. in the event of B. with reference to C. with a view to D. on account of
10. You should be _______ashamed of yourself for what you have done.
A. thoroughly B. hopelessly C. entirely D. earnestly
11. Jane handed in the test and awaited the results _______.
A. with bated breath B. out of breath
C. under her breath C. in the same breath
12. Lindsay’s excuses for being late are beginning to _______rather thin.
A. get B. turn C. wear D. go
13. He cannot_______ ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his own
department.
A. insist B. plead C. refer D. defend
14. _______ is a belief generally held by people who live in colder climates.
A. That weather affects a person’s mood
B. Weather affects a person’s mood
C. A person’s mood is affected by weather
D. Although a person’s mood is affected by weather
15. If you have a minor illness, it’s usually better just to let the nature take its _______.
A. time B. path C. way D. course
16. I’m afraid that the herring we had for dinner has given me _______.
A. sickness B. indisposition C. infection D. indigestion
17. The facilities at many schools today are still _______ inadequate.
A. sadly B. woefully C. regrettably D. grimly.
18. The preparations for the Olympic Games are on ________ according to the committee in charge.
A. goal B. progress C. target D. aim
19. Having never worked on a major newspaper before, he was all at _______when he first started.
A. loss B. water C. coast D. sea
20. _______, scientists have greatly increased the yield of crops such as corn, rice, and wheat.
A. As using the laws of genetics B. Using the laws of genetics
C. The laws of genetics D. The laws of genetics are to be used
Part 2. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
(10 pts)
1. The scientific evidence does not enable us to say with certainty that mobile phones are ________ safe.
(CATEGORY)
2. Men are less likely to suffer phobia than women, but attempts by either men or women simply to ________
them can exacerbate the problem. (REGARD)
3. The upper layers of Earth’s oceans have cooled ________ over the past two years, even though the planet as
a whole is warming up. ( SIGNIFY)
4. I don’t care if you’d had too much to drink. Your behavior last night was quite ________ (DEFEND)
5. Some of the results are ________ but others have shown an association between mobile phone use and
cancer. (CONTRADICT)
6. After admitting their mistakes, they apologized________ for what they had done. (RESERVE)
7. In fact, those who practise meditation with any________ see their doctors less and spend, on average,
seventy per cent fewer days in hospital. (REGULAR)
8. He was fined £40, with 28 days’ imprisonment if the money was not produced ________ (WITH)
9. There was a heavy ________ yesterday afternoon which completely ruined the church Garden Party (POUR)

10. The ________of the Roman fortifications was one of their prides during the war. (VULNERABLE)
Part 3. In the following passage there are 10 errors. Identify and correct them (10 pts)
It is the human factor that contributes to the absolute majority of road accidents which involves the
tremendous toll of fatalities each year. Others, less decisive, causes are vehicle functions or road shortcomings.
 Speeding motorists are notorious about failing to give way at junction, judging the situation on the road
or being unable to accurately estimate the distance while overtaking the ‘snailpacers’ ahead.
Drinkers who settle behind the wheel after one glass or two may be running the risk of causing a tragedy
through their impairing perception, which is not so rare a case, again.
Unfortunately, it is much simpler to introduce the necessary alterations in the traffic systems that change
the behavior patterns of drivers. There are voices that more severe disciplinary resolutions ought to put into
practice if the vehicle users are to benefit from greater security on the road. The idea of producing safe road
users through pre-school parental instruction or through incorporating the safety regulations for the school
curriculum has been widely acclaimed in many communities and are expected to yield the required results as
the first step in bettering the qualifications of the future drivers and acquaint them with the potential hazards
that may arise on route.
Your answers
1. Line _____________  _____________ 2. Line _____________ _____________
3. Line _____________  _____________ 4. Line _____________ _____________
5. Line _____________  _____________ 6. Line _____________ _____________
7. Line _____________  _____________ 8. Line _____________ _____________
9. Line _____________  _____________ 10. Line ___________  ______________
SECTION C. READING (50 points)
Part 1. Read the passage below and then choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. (10 pts)
SMART SHOES
Smart shoes that adjust their size throughout the day could soon be available. A prototype has already been
produced and a commercial version may be in production within a few years. The shoe contains sensors that
constantly check the amount of (1) _____________left in it. If the foot has become too large, a tiny valve opens
and the shoe expands slightly. The entire control system is about 5mm square and is located inside the shoe.
This radical shoe (2) _________a need because the volume of the (3) ____foot can change by as much as 8%
during the course of the day. The system is able to learn about the wearer’s feet and (4) _____________ up a
picture of the size of his or her feet throughout the day. It will allow the shoes to change in size by up to
8% so that they always fit (5) _______. They are obviously more comfortable and less likely to
(6)_______blisters. From an athlete’s point of view, they can help improve (7)______ a little, and that is
why the first (8) __________for the system is likely to be in a sports shoe.
Eventually, this system will find a (9)__________in many other household items, from beds that automatically
change to fit the person sleeping in them, to power tools that (10) __________ themselves to the user’s
hand for better grip.
1. A. room B. gap C. area D. chasm
2. A. detects B. finds C. meets D. faces
3. A. average B. general C. usual D. medium
4. A. build B. pick C. grow D. set
5. A. exactly B. absolutely C. completely D. totally
6. A. provoke B. form C. initiate D. cause
7. A. achievement B. performance C. success D. winning
8. A. purpose B. exercise C. use D. operation
9. A. function B. part C. way D. place
10. A. shape B. change C. respond D. convert
Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each
space. (10 points)
BROKEN BONE
Most of us will suffer from a “fracture”, which is the medical term for a broken bone, at some point in our lives.
A patient (1) ____________ arm, let’s say, is suspected of being broken will first be given an X-ray. (2)
____________ determined the extent of the fracture, the orthopaedic surgeon will decide on the most effective
treatment. For a fracture (3) ____________ manipulation is required, (4) ____________ may involve the patient
being given a general anaesthetic while the bone is essentially re-broken. Patients who have more serious
factures my require “facture fixation”, (5) ____________which pins and rods are connected to the bone to
strengthen it. However, for simple fractures, a cast-often (6) ____________ out of plaster of Paris or fibregass –
is all that is required. (7) ____________ a broken upper leg can take anything up to twelve weeks to heal, a
broken toe can heal in just three weeks. Their plaster cast (8) _____________ off, the patient will almost
certainly require physiotherapy to exercise a limb which has been inactive for several weeks. (9) ____________
advances in medical technology, to get a frail elderly person’s fracture to heal is still remarkable difficult. Even
(10) ____________ the fracture has been treated in the right way, it is quite possible that the bone will never
fully heal.
Part 3: Read the following passage and circle the letter (A, B, C or D) to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions. (10 pts)
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world’s oceans, but the
total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste
from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the
dumping of solid waste, including wastewater sludge, industrial waste, and high - level radioactive waste were
common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose
of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The
hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from
the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth’s total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because
water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is
relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to us as rain, which
drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the seA.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in
the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing
health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger
fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown
onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only
ruin the beach, the petroleum residue kills hundreds of shore birds. Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes,
rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the
oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of
nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is
industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts,
various chemicals) and atmospheric fallout of airborne pollution are other sources of nonpoint pollutants that
reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines and bathtubs. The
problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants such as algae,
so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentration or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen
in the water. As the oxygen level of the water declines, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem
is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from
entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
1. What can be inferred about the waste dumped into the world’s oceans?
A. It’s mainly household waste B. Much of it was not treated
 C. It is billions of tons D. It is primary industrial waste
2. As can be inferred from the passage, which of the following was NOT disposed into the ocean?
A. waste from dead plants B. waste from cruise ships
C. wastewater sludge D. radioactive waste
3. Which of the following is NOT referred to as use of hydrological cycle?
A. refreshing the land B. separating water from used liquid
C. cleaning water D. renewing the water supply
4. Which of the following has similar meaning to the word “contaminants” in the second paragraph?
A. pollutants B. rushes C. sea water D. vapor
5. What does the word “which” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. rain water B. the earth C. sea water D. water vaporizer
6. Why are chemicals, petroleum products and radioactive materials mentioned in the passage?
A. as untreated waste B. as industrial substances
C. as raw sewage D. as dangerous pollutants
7. Which of the following is NOT referred to as a result of polluted ocean water?
A. killing fish B. harming people who eat sea food
C. spoiling beach beauty D. killing shore birds
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of farming runoff?
A. manure B. pesticide C. road salt D. fertilizer
9. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. It is expensive to build waste treatment plants
B. developing countries do not need waste treatment plant yet
C. the environment of develop countries is more polluted than that of poor countries
D. the environment of industrial countries is more polluted than that of agricultural countries
10. Where is the passage most probably found?
A. in a geography book B. in a bibliography
C. in a tourism book D. in a social science report

Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (20 pts)
The Reading has eight paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below. (10 points)
List of headings
I. Another detection method with some warnings
II. Parents warn schools about findings
III. Causes, symptoms and reportings
IV. Disputes about data
V. Classification of allergies and what causes them
VI. Comparisons over a century
VII. International cooperation could yield useful information
VIII. Differentiation methods and associated concerns
IX. Economic factors limit research opportunities
X. A common substance with deadly consequences for some
1. Paragraph A __________
2. Paragraph B __________
3. Paragraph C __________
4. Paragraph E __________
5. Paragraph H __________
Paragraph F ____I______

FOOD ENERGIES
A. In recent decades there has been a very real increase throughout the world in different types of allergies -
that is, the over-reaction by the body's immune system to a normally harmless substance - particularly in babies
and young children. The reasons for this increase are still unclear, which points to the need for more research to
establish how and why this is happening and what solutions there might be to prevent and treat potentially life-
threatening events arising from this medical condition.

B. There are three main types of allergies: food (the main triggers being eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes,
especially peanuts, fish and diary products - the latter because of the lactose in milk and cheese), environmental
factors (grasses, grass seeds and pollens) and bites from insects (bees and wasps, among others). However,
because of the increasing incidence of food allergies, and the need for health and lifestyle modification by
sufferers after diagnosis, this paper will concentrate on this areA.

C. Food allergies, which may result from a genetic predisposition in parents of allergic children to have
eczema and other skin allergies, can be life-threatening due to the threat of anaphylactic shock: that is, severe
breathing difficulties leading to death without medical intervention. In recent years there has been an increase of
either 18% or 33%, depending on the source of that information, in food allergies in young children. It is
estimated that between 3-4% and 4-6% of adults in developed countries (for example, Canada, France,
Germany, the United Kingdom and Australia) suffer from this condition. However, it does need to be
emphasized that these statistics are unverified.

D. The most publicised food allergy is peanut allergy, perhaps because of the widespread prevalence of
peanuts in many foods, as well as the use of peanut oil in so many products, so that a visit to a restaurant or
children's party can be lethal for a sufferer. The possibility of an unexpected encounter with peanuts has resulted
in extreme vigilance by parents and in man schools banning peanuts as a precaution. It is in this area,
particularly, that there is a need for clearer identification of sufferers. However, a 2010 study found that many
children were wrongly diagnosed as being allergic to peanuts, based on a standard test, suggesting the need for a
reassessment of testing procedures or the need for a more sensitive test.
 E. Some specialists believe the increase in all food allergies may be due mainly to greater awareness and
therefore greater reporting, rather than to an increase in actual incidents. However, Amy Branum, a health
statistician with the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, disputes the greater reporting theory, citing
evidence that increases in the condition extend across all surveys and thus must be the result of more than just
increased awareness.

F. A number of testing tools have been developed to diagnose and distinguish between food allergies and
food intolerance, a less serious condition. First, it is important for a full family history and physical examination
to be undertaken. After this, a simple skin test, administered by pricking the skin, is able to detect whether an
apparent allergy is related to external factors or, more seriously, to the immune system. However, even a simple
skin test can be problematic. According to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009), there is
variability in the way the test is administered by physicians and this can affect results. As well, there has been
no standardization of the extracts of food products used in skin testing, and this can lead to unacceptable
variations in results.

G. A further diagnostic tool for asthma involves a blood test to detect the presence of antibodies in the blood
for various foodstuffs. This test, known as the IgE test, is generally considered to be effective, but with
reservations. In 2008, the Clinical Laboratory Standards Committee warned that the presence of antibodies did
not necessarily denote the presence of an allergy; that is, there could be a false positive result. Additionally,
antibody results for one food could not be used predictively for another food. An important issue, reported by
Ewen and Clark (2005) is that there are a number of tests available but no "gold standard" accurate test for all
allergens. It would thus appear that more research is needed to clarify how best to identify the growing number
of babies and young children with allergies.

H. Because of the lack of clarity in this important area, there have been a number of inititiatives and cross-
country collaborations investigated. One such, EuroPrevall, launched in 2005, is a multidisciplinary project with
54 partners, which aims to use diagnostic tools and conduct long-term studies, and also look at social and
cultural factors related to food allergies. Another study, based in the United Kingdom, is funding 45 projects,
many ongoing, examining a wide range of factors. A recent report indicates that food allergies decrease with
age. It is anticipated that further such useful results will become available in the coming years.
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each
answer. (10 points)
Testing for Allergies
There is uncertainty about the reasons for increases in food allergies. All surveys now indicate overall
increases, which causes Amy Branum to question the 6. ___________________________. However, more
testing tools have been developed, including a 7. ___________________________ to ascertain what an allergy
is related to. Even this can have questionable validity due to several factors including a lack of 8.
___________________________ of components. Another test, the IgE test, has resulted in concerns that the
presence of antibodies could lead to a 9. __________________________. In fact, Ewen and Clark (2005) are
quoted as saying that a 10. ___________________________test that is appropriate for all triggers does not
exist. Initiatives to provide greater clarity in this area include, through cross-cultural collaboration, the use of
diagnostic tools and long-term studies.
SECTION D. WRITING ( 50 points)
Part 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence
printed before it.(10 points)
1. Gary is proud of the fact that he is never late.
 Gary prides ______________________________________________.
2. On this ship passengers cannot get onto the bridge.
 Passengers have no _______________________________________.
3. On his way home Terry had an unfortunate accident.
 Terry met _______________________________________________.
4. Tony stood in for me at the meeting.
 Tony took _______________________________________________.
5. Lately I have thought of nothing but work.
 I have been rather _________________________________________.
Part 2: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the
same. (10 points)
1. The manager promised to have the goods delivered at once. (DELAY)
 ___________________________________________________________________.
2. This is none of your business! (DOESN’T)
 ___________________________________________________________________.
3. I think a change would do you good? (FROM)
 ___________________________________________________________________.
4. Everyone wants Pauline as an after-dinner speaker. (DEMAND)
 ___________________________________________________________________.
5. Karen received a medal for her services. (RECOGNITION)
 ____________________________________________________________________.

Part 3: In about 200 words, write a paragraph about the following topic. (30 points)
“Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, e-mail, or
telephone calls”. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
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