API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

1. An RBI Program is based on the knowledge and experience of:

A) Engineers & inspectors in the Oil & Gas Industry

B) Engineers & inspectors in the hydrocarbon & chemical industry only
C) Engineers & inspectors & operators & management in the Oil & Gas industry
D) Engineers, inspectors, risk analysts, and other personnel in hydrocarbon & chemical industry

Answer: D … (Forward Section … API 580 Forward Statements) *** MUST KNOW

2. Which of the following are the least developed among those currently used for RBI?

A) Safety and health consequence measures

B) Environmental consequence measures
C) Operational consequence measures
D) Economic consequence measures

Answer: B … Ref: Section 11.3.5  Environmental Damage

3. Who is responsible for assembling all of the data and carrying out the RBI analysis?

A) Equipment Inspector or Insp Specialist

B) The Materials and Corrosion specialist
C) The RBI Team Leader
D) The Risk Analyst

Ans: D, Par 16.2.8  Risk Analyst  Responsibilities None of these … Risk Analyst

4. RBI, as a risk-based approach, focuses attention specifically on the equipment and

associated damage mechanisms representing:

A) The most damaging to personnel health

B) The most cost to the plant or facility
C) The most risk to the facility
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … Evolution of Insp. Intervals/Due Dates  Section 5.3  Must Know!!!

5. Sources of deterioration rate information include all of the following except:

A) Published data and unpublished company data, and previous inspection data
B) Laboratory testing, In-situ testing and in-service monitoring
C) Experience with similar equipment
D) Corrosion Specialist opinion

Ans: D … Ref: 10.4.2  Assessing POF  Determine Deterioration, Susceptibility & Rate

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
6. Implementation of RBI plans provide what benefit for facilities & equipment assessed?

A) An overall risk acceptance

B) An acceptance and understanding of the current risk
C) An overall risk reduction or an acceptance and understanding of the current risk
D) An overall risk acceptance or a reduction and better understanding of the current risk

Answer: C … (Ref: Purpose Section 1.2, Second Sentence  RBI Benefits)

7. QRA uses physical models that show:

A) Progression of accidents and the release of hazardous material to the environment

B) Combinations of events that could result in severe accidents
C) Progression of accidents only
D) Root Cause of accidents only

Answer: A … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

8. The POF analysis should have all of the following characteristics except:

A) It should be measurable
B) It should be repeatable
C) It should be credible
D) It should be documented

Ans: A … Ref: Para. 10.1  Assessing POF  Should be repeatable/credible/documented

9. Depending on factors such as the remaining life of the equipment and type of damage
mechanism, risk management through inspection may have:

A) Little or no effect
B) No effect at all
C) Some effect, but not significant
D) A significant effect

Ans: A, Par 13.2  RM w/Insp activities  Id Risk Mgmt Opportunities from RBI results

10. Important RBI Assessment documentation to be captured includes all these EXCEPT:

A) Time frame over which the assessment is applicable

B) Inputs and sources used to determine risk & assumptions made during the assessment
C) Risk assessment results (excluding information on probability and consequence);
D) Follow-up mitigation strategy, if applicable, to manage risk & mitigated risk levels

Ans: C, Section 17.1 General Knowledge  Including info on POF & COF

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
11. API 580 provides information on using risk analysis in order to:

A) Develop an effective Inspection plan

B) Develop and Implement a Risk Based Inspection (RBI) program
C) Develop, implement and maintain an optimized Inspection program using RBI
D) Integrate information into RBI Program from PSM and other related risk information

Answer: A … (Introduction Section for API 580) … *** Must Know

12. The first step in a logical progression for a risk analysis is:
A) Determine damage susceptibility and rates
B) Collect and validate the necessary data and information
C) Identify DMs & determine damage mode(s) for each mechanism
D) Determine the POF over a defined time frame for each damage mechanism

Answer: B … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4  B is the first of 8 logical steps!

13. Fitness-For-Service assessment may on occasion require engineering analysis:

A) In accordance with the Quality Plan
B) And Specialist knowledge and expertise
C) In accordance with API 579-1/ASME FFS-1
D) None of these are correct

Ans: C … Management of Risks (Evaluation & FFS Analysis per API 579-1) … Sect 6.6.3

14. RBI is mainly concerned with loss of containment failures & other functional failures:

A) Are not covered in an RBI study because this is usually covered in RCM programs
B) Are not covered in an RBI study because this is usually covered in PSM programs
C) Are not covered in an RBI study because this is usually covered in HAZOPs
D) Could be included in an RBI study if a User desires this

Answer: A … Ref: Section 11.1.3  Other Functional Failures

15. The API 580 user should recognize that while there is a potential for the reduction of
inspection costs through the utilization of RBI, the focus should remain on:

A) Inspection cost optimization only

B) Increased equipment integrity only
C) Decreased equipment risk associated with inspection costs
D) Both Increased equipment integrity and inspection cost optimization

Answer: D, Par 13.5  RM w/Insp activities  Managing Inspection Costs with RBI

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
16. An announced failure is one that is:

A) Undetected at the instant of occurrence

B) Detected at the instant of occurrence by any number of methods
C) Either undetected or detected at the instance of occurrence by any number of methods
D) None of the above are correct

Answer: B … Definitions  Par 4.1.18  Two types of failures (announced/unannounced)

17. For all intents and purposes, a QRA is a(n):

A) Traditional risk analysis

B) Detailed risk analysis
C) Detailed risk comparison
D) None of these is correct

Answer: A … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

18. Cost-benefit analysis is a powerful tool that is being used by many companies,
governments and regulatory authorities as one method in determining:

A) Risk
B) Absolute Risk
C) Risk acceptance
D) Items for Risk Management

Answer: C … Ref: Section 12.3.1  Risk D/A/M … Risk Acceptance

19. The RBI process is focused on maintaining the mechanical integrity of pressure
equipment items and:

A) Minimizing the risk of equipment damage and personnel injury

B) Eliminating the risk of equipment damage and personnel injury
C) Minimizing the risk of loss of containment due to deterioration
D) Minimizing the risk of damage to the unit and the environment

Answer: C … (Ref: Sect 2.3 First Para  Mechanical Integrity Focused) …***Must know

20. How are QRA models evaluated to provide insights into the level of risk and important
risk factors?

A) Quantitatively
B) Qualitatively
C) Probabilistically
D) Semi-quantitatively

Answer: C … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
21. Regarding risk management with inspection activities, damage mechanisms caused by
short-term, event-driven operating changes can happen too fast to be monitored with:

A) Normal risk-based, condition-based or time-based inspection plans

B) Optimized risk-based or condition-based inspection plans
C) Normal risk-based or time-based inspection plans
D) Optimized risk-based inspection plans

Ans: A, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

22. Regarding RBI & Managing Operational Risk, risk changes with time and is:

A) Dynamic, so inspection plans must be easily updatable when changes occur

B) Certain, so any changes in operation are not outside of the IOW
C) Variable, so that operating variables are within the IOW
D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … Understanding how RBI can manage Operating Risk … Section 6.5

23. RBI is synonymous with:

A) Risk-based analysis
B) Risk-based analysis and risk management
C) Risk-prioritized and risk-informed inspection
D) Risk-prioritized analysis and risk management

Answer: C … (Introduction Section for API 580)

24. After completing a risk analysis, if the risk is not acceptable, what must be considered?

A) Mitigation
B) Inspection
C) Reassessment
D) None of these is correct

Answer: A … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4

25. In the situations where risk is being driven by POF, there is usually potential for:

A) Risk management through inspection

B) Risk reduction through detailed inspection analysis
C) Risk avoidance by using detailed inspection analysis
D) None of these is correct

Ans: A, Par 13.2  RM opportunities from RBI results  Risk management through Insp

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

26. Results using QRA are typically presented as:

A) Risk Probability
B) Risk Numbers
C) Risk cost
D) None of these

Answer: B … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

27. An analysis that uses broad categorizations for probabilities & consequences of failure:

A) Risk analysis
B) Qualitative risk analysis
C) Quantitative risk analysis
D) Semi-Quantitative risk analysis

Answer: B … Definitions  Par 4.1.30  Definition of Qualitative Risk Analysis

28. At the beginning of an RBI exercise, it is important to answer all these questions except:

A) What codes and standards are applicable

B) When will the assessment be completed
C) What will be the maintenance cost and loss of production
D) How long will the assessment remain in effect and when it will be updated

Ans: C … Ref: Par 7.1 Getting Started  How results will be used & what is plan period!

29. Risk quantification by internal, on-stream and external inspections should be assessed
because often external inspection with effective on-stream inspection techniques can:

A) Better quantify the risk

B) Produce an acceptable level of risk
C) Cost effectively & safely quantify POF
D) Provide useful data for risk assessment

Ans: D, Par 13.4  RM w/Insp activities Managing Risk with Inspection Activities …

30. End of life strategies focus the inspection efforts directly on high-risk areas and:

A) Where the inspections will provide a reduction of risk during the remaining life of the plant
B) Efforts that do not impact risk during the remaining life are always eliminated or reduced
C) Efforts that do not impact risk during the remaining life are always eliminated
D) Efforts that do not impact risk during the remaining life are always reduced.

Answer: A … Ref: Para. 7.2.9  Plan RBI Assess. Facilities End of Life Strategies

31. The POF assessment should be evaluated by considering:

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
A) All probabilities and consequences of failure
B) All credible damage and failure modes
C) All credible consequences of failure
D) All credible damage mechanisms

Answer: D … (Forward Section … API 580 Forward Statements) … *** MUST KNOW

32. An item affecting either the probability, consequence, or both such that it constitutes a
significant portion of the risk is:

A) Relative Risk
B) Risk Driver
C) Absolute Risk
D) Risk Criteria

Answer: B … Definitions  Para 4.1.43

33. When planning an RBI assessment, which of these is done to focus the effort when just
getting started?

A) Aligning priorities
B) Identifying boundaries
C) Creating the team
D) Screening

Answer: D … Ref: Para 7.1 Getting Started  Screening is done to focus the effort

34. The information gained though effective inspection can:

A) Better quantify the actual risk

B) Precisely identify the actual risk
C) Better quantify the absolute risk
D) Precisely identify the absolute risk

Ans: A, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

35. RBI represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval/due date
setting, recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is:

A) Safety & reliability of operating facilities

B) To cost effectively perform inspection
C) To effectively reduce all facility risks
D) To locate damage mechanisms

Answer: A … Evolution of Insp. Intervals/Due Dates  Section 5.3  Must Know!!!

36. Probabilities of incidents generally:

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
A) Increase with the severity of each incident
B) Decrease with the severity of each incident
C) Remain the same with the severity of each incident
D) None of these are correct

Ans: B … Ref: Section 12.2.1  Risk D/A/M … Probability of a Specific Consequence

37. Which of these is usually required to provide significant risk reduction regarding
isolation valves?

A) Proper location at a safe distance from the equipment

B) Proper location anywhere in the unit
C) Remote Operation
D) None of these

Answer: C, Par 14.5  Emergency Isolation Location & Operation of isolation valves

38. There is a continuous spectrum of methods available to assess risk ranging from a
strictly relative ranking to:

A) Rigorous calculation
B) Engineering Judgment
C) Engineering & Inspector Judgment
D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4  must know this one!

39. If the scope of the RBI assessment is a multi-unit facility, the first step in the application
of RBI is screening of entire process units to:

A) Determine residual risk

B) Rank relative risk
C) Determine absolute risk
D) Rank risk by prioritizing inspections

Answer: B … Ref: Para. 7.3.4  Plan RBI Assess. Process Units Screening

40. Process used to compare the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the
significance of the risk:

A) Risk Mitigation B) Risk Analysis

C) Risk Evaluation D) Risk Criteria

Answer: C … Definitions  Expect the shorter version of the question to be on the exam
… as underlined above  Para 4.1.45

41. Approach for assigning monetary values to safety/health consequences is included in:

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
A) API 579-1 FFS
B) API 580
C) API 581
D) ASME PCC-3

Answer: C … Ref: Section 11.3.2  Safety Consequences

42. An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes potential occurrences in a logical
and graphical manner is called:

A) Event tree
B) External Event
C) Event Analysis
D) Event Risk Analysis

Answer: A … Definitions, Sect 4.1.15  Event tree … Must know event types

43. Increasing the frequency of inspection may serve to better define, identify or monitor
the damage mechanism(s) and therefore:

A) Better quantify the risk

B) Produce an acceptable level of risk
C) Cost effectively & safely quantify POF
D) Result in a risk reduction or elimination

Ans: A, Par 13.4  RM w/Insp activities Managing Risk with Inspection Activities …

44. QRA uses logic models depicting:

A) Progression of accidents and the transport of a hazardous material to the environment

B) Combinations of events that could transport hazardous material to the environment
C) Progression of events and the transport of a hazardous material to the environment
D) Combinations of events that could result in severe accidents

Answer: D … Ref: Para. 8.2.2  Data & Info Collection  Quantitative RBI Data Needs

45. The complexity of a risk analysis is a function of the:

A) Degree of complexity of the risk

B) The number of factors that can affect the risk
C) Cost associated with the risk
D) The seriousness of the risk

Answer: B … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4  must know this one!

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
46. Regarding RBI Assessment documentation & recordkeeping, which statement below is
TRUE regarding the TIME FRAME?

A) The level of risk is usually a function of time, so the time frame over which the RBI analysis
is applicable should be defined and captured in the final documentation
B) The level of risk is a function of time as a result of the time dependence of a failure mode
C) The level of risk is a function of time as a result of potential for operation error in equipment
D) None of these are correct

Answer: A, Section 17.4 Time Frame  Documentation & Recordkeeping

47. The inspection plan should detail (what) related to the current operation?

A) POF
B) Mitigated risk
C) Unmitigated risk
D) None of these

Ans: C … Management of Risks (Use RBI to establish Insp plans/prioroties) … Sect 6.6.2

48. Risk mitigation (by the reduction in uncertainty) achieved through inspection presumes
that the organization will:

A) Act on the results of the inspection immediately

B) Act on the results of the inspection in a timely manner
C) Act on the results of the inspection before the need arises for mitigation
D) Act on the results of the inspection before the need arises due to loss of containment
Ans: B, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

49. Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event

is called:

A) Mitigation
B) Risk reduction
C) Probability
D) Likelihood

Answer: A … Definitions  Par 4.1.27  Definition of Mitigation

50. During initial screening, the screening done at the facility level may be done by a:

A) Simplified Semi-Qualitative RBI assessment

B) Detailed Semi-Quantitative RBI assessment
C) Simplified Qualitative RBI assessment
D) Detailed Quantitative RBI assessment

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 7.3.3  Plan RBI Assess. Facilities Screening

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
51. Regarding managing risk with inspection activities, RBI can be used as a “what if” tool
to guide inspection as related to risk determination for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) How inspections should be conducted to yield an acceptable future risk level

B) What inspections should be conducted to yield an acceptable future risk level
C) When inspections should be conducted to yield an acceptable future risk level
D) Where inspections should be conducted to yield an acceptable future risk level

Answer: D, Par 13.4  RM w/Insp activities Managing Risk with Inspection Activities

52. API 580 is intended to provide guidance on developing an RBI program for:

A) Fixed equipment and piping in the hydrocarbon and chemical process industries
B) All types of equipment and piping in the Oil and Gas Industry
C) Fixed equipment and piping in the Oil and Gas Industry
D) All types of equipment and piping in all industries

Answer: A … (Forward Section … API 580 RBI intentions) *** MUST KNOW

53. An opportunity for managing inspection costs is by identifying items in the inspection
plan that can be inspected:
A) During Turnarounds
B) During planned Unit Shut Downs
C) During unplanned Unit Shut Downs
D) Non-intrusively on-stream

Answer: D, Par 13.5  RM w/Insp activities  Managing Inspection Costs with RBI

54. Which of these is NOT an example of an unannounced failure?

A) Slow leak under insulation not detected (until someone notices a drip or wisp of vapor)
B) Slow leak under insulation not detected (until a pool of fluid forms on the ground)
C) Small leak in a heat exchanger tube or a small leak in a buried piping system
D) Slow leak under insulation in an H2S line detected by a plant alarm

Answer: D … Definitions  Par 4.1.18  Two types of failures (announced/unannounced)

55. The consequences of failure (safety, health, environmental and financial impacts) can
be estimated separately for each unit, system, equipment group or individual equipment
item on the basis of:

A) Engineering expertise
B) Expert knowledge and experience
C) Risk analyst solicitations and input
D) Total RBI Team assessment

Answer: B … Ref: Section 11.2.2  Qualitative Consequences Analysis

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
56. An RBI assessment should be undertaken with clear objectives and goals that are:

A) Fully understood by all members of the RBI team only

B) Fully understood by all members of the RBI team and management
C) Followed by all members of the RBI team, operations and management
D) Fully understood by all members of the RBI team, operations and management

Answer: B … Ref: Para 7.2.1  Planning the RBI Assessment … General

57. Susceptibility can be expressed in terms of:

A) Loss rate in mils per year & high/med/low probability for environmental cracking (SCC)
B) Loss rate in mils per year & active/aggressive probability for environmental cracks (SCC)
C) Corrosion rate (for thinning) or Susceptibility (for DMs having unknown deterioration rates)
D) High, medium or low based on environmental conditions/construction material combinations

Ans: D …Ref: 10.4.2  Assessing POF  Determine Deterioration, Susceptibility & Rate

58. Regarding managing risk with inspection, Inspection costs can be more effectively
managed through the utilization of:
A) Well-trained/qualified/experienced inspectors
B) Proper inspection tools & techniques
C) Effective inspection procedures
D) RBI

Answer: D … Par 13.5  RM w/Insp activities  Managing Inspection Costs with RBI

59. Regarding RBI Methodology documentation, which statement below is FALSE?

A) Basis for both the probability and consequences of failure should be documented
B) Any specific software program used to perform the assessment should be documented
C) Methodology for RBI analysis should be documented to show the type of assessment done
D) Documentation should be adequate so that the basis & logic for the decision making process
does not have to be replicated at a later time.

Answer: D, Section 17.2 RBI Methodology  Must be documented to be REPEATABLE

60. Reliability records can be used to develop (what) for Unit equipment:

A) POF/COF
B) An effective RBI Program
C) Failure probabilities & leak frequencies
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … Mgmt of Risks (Relationship between RBI & Other Safety Initiatives) 6.7.4

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
61. As new data becomes available or when changes occur in operating conditions, what
should be done in RBI?

A) Adjustment of the inspection levels and intervals in the RBI program

B) Adjustment of the inspection intervals in the RBI program
C) Adjustment of the inspection levels in the RBI program
D) Reassessment of the RBI program

Answer: D … (Ref: Sect 1.3, First Paragraph  RBI as a Continuous Improvement Tool)

62. An effective PSM program includes a well-structured and effective:

A) Pressure equipment inspection program

B) Hazard and Operability assessment
C) Process hazards control system
D) None of these

Answer: A … Mgmt of Risks (Relationship between RBI & Other Safety Initiatives) 6.7.3

63. What type of analysis typically involves reviewing some or all input variables to the risk
calculation to determine the overall influence on the resultant risk value?

A) Qualitative risk analysis

B) Quantitative risk analysis
C) Semi-quantitative risk analysis
D) Sensitivity analysis

Answer: D … Ref: Sect 12.4  Risk D/A/M … Sensitivity Analysis

64. Who may judge if an individual equipment item & cumulative risks are acceptable?

A) The RBI Team Leader

B) The RBI team and the risk analyst
C) The RBI team and the management
D) The RBI team leader, the risk analyst and the management

Answer: C … Ref: Para 7.2.3  Planning the RBI Assessment … Define Risk Criteria

65. Regarding managing risk with inspection, if the item considered is the main driver for
bringing an operational unit down, the non-intrusive inspection may contribute to:

A) Significant risk reduction

B) Increased uptime of the unit
C) Significant cost savings based on inspection
D) None of the above is correct

Answer: B, Par 13.5  RM w/Insp activities  Managing Inspection Costs with RBI

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
66. The accuracy of results from a qualitative analysis is dependent on:

A) The background and expertise of the risk analysts and team members
B) The background and expertise of the Engineers and Inspectors
C) The expert opinion of the risk analysts and team members
D) None of these are correct
Answer: A … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.1 … Know Qualitative RBI approach

67. The POF analysis should address all of the following items except:

A) All damage mechanisms to which the equipment being studied is susceptible

B) All damage mechanisms to which the equipment being studied can be susceptible
C) Situations where equipment is or can be susceptible to multiple DMs (thinning, creep, etc.)
D) Failure due to loss of containment occurring from any number of reasons due to failure modes

Answer: D … Ref: Para. 10.1  Assessing POF  Introduction to Probability Analysis

68. Determination of absolute risk numbers in hydrocarbon and chemical facilities is often:

A) Possible and cost effective

B) Possible, but not cost effective
C) Not even possible and not cost effective
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … Relative Risk versus Absolute Risk  Section 5.6

69. To assure that inspection activities are continually focused on items with higher risk,
the inspection strategy (regarding Risk Assessment) should be what type of process?

A) A documented & very efficient process

B) A documented & repetitive process
C) A documented & detailed process
D) A documented & concise process

Ans: B, Par 13.3  RM w/Insp activities  Estab Insp Strategy based on Risk…Iterative
means repetitive … The correct answer could also be … A documented & iterative process

70. An RBI assessment systematically evaluates:

A) POF for all credible damage mechanisms

B) All credible damage and failure modes
C) All credible damage mechanisms
D) POF and COF

Answer: D … (Introduction Section for API 580)  POF = Probability, not possibility

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
71. Once a credible damage mechanism(s) has been identified, what else should also be
identified?

A) The associated damage modes

B) Any other associated damage mechanisms
C) The failure modes associated with the damage mechanism
D) Any associated potential damage modes and failure modes

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 9.3  DMs & Failure Modes  Failure Modes

72. Who is usually responsible for implementing the recommended inspection plan derived
from the RBI assessment?

A) Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist

B) Process Specialist
C) Risk Analyst
D) Team Leader

Ans: A, Par 16.2.3  Equip Inspector/Insp Specialist  Responsibilities He + Corr SP

73. QRA generally uses “which of these” to depict combinations of events and progression
of incidents that provide both qualitative and quantitative insights into the level of risks?

A) Logic & probabilistic trees

B) Event and Fault Trees
C) Logic & probabilistic models
D) Event & Fault Models

Answer: C … Definitions  Par 4.1.31  Definition of Quantitative Risk Analysis

74. In any inspection program, data validation is essential and the reasons for inspection
data quality errors include all of the following except:

A) Baseline inspections performed

B) Outdated drawings & documentation
C) Inspection error, clerical and data transcription errors
D) Measurement equipment accuracy, incorrect assumptions on equipment history

Answer: A … Ref: Para. 8.3  Data & Info Collection  Data Quality

75. Assumptions or estimates of input values are often used when:

A) POF data are not available only

B) Consequence data is not available only
C) Consequence data and/or POF data is not available
D) None of the above is correct and will affect an assumption or estimate of input values
Answer: C … Ref: Sect 12.5  Risk D/A/M … Assumptions

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
76. An RBI assessment will determine the risk associated with:
A) The items assessed
B) The items for analysis
C) The items to be inspected
D) The items inspected and under analysis

Answer: A … Ref: Para 7.2.3  Planning the RBI Assessment … Define Risk Criteria

77. In mathematical terms, risk can be calculated by which of these equations:

A) Risk = Probability ÷ Consequence

B) Risk = Probability × Consequence
C) Risk = Consequence ÷ Probability
D) Risk = Consequence + Probability

Answer: B … (Basic Risk Assessment Concepts … What is Risk? … Section 5.1)

78. After risk analysis has been performed, and risk values plotted, what process begins?
A) Risk evaluation process begins
B) Risk management process begins
C) Risk assessment process begins
D) Risk estimation process begins

Answer: A … Ref: Sect 12.7  Risk D/A/M … Establishing Acceptable Risk Thresholds

79. Which statement is false regarding RBI Personnel & documentation/recordkeeping?

A) Assessment of risk depends on knowledge/exp/judgment of any team members doing analysis

B) This practice is helpful in understanding the basis for risk assessment if analysis is repeated
C) This practice is helpful in determining who made erroneous assumptions & can be blamed
D) Record of team members involved should be captured, as well as their RBI skill sets/exp

Answer: C … Section 17.3 RBI Personnel  Documentation & Recordkeeping

80. Established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of equipment if the
process operation deviates from established limits for a predetermined amount of time is a:

A) Design Premise
B) IOW
C) MOC
D) None of these

Answer: B … Definitions  Par 4.1.24  Definition of integrity operating window!

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
81. Which of these statements linking the damage mechanism to the failure mode is false?

A) Stress corrosion cracking can develop into small through-wall cracks or catastrophic ruptures
B) Metallurgical deterioration and mechanical damage can vary from small holes to ruptures
C) Localized corrosion and pitting can lead to large hole-sized leaks or ruptures
D) General thinning from corrosion often leads to larger leaks or rupture

Answer: C … Ref: 10.4.3  Assessing POF  Determine Failure Mode

82. It is important that the facility have which of the following to identify when a
reassessment is necessary?

A) A Good Risk Analyst

B) An effective MOC process
C) Optimized Inspection Program
D) None of these

Answer: B, Par 15.2.1  WHY … RBI Reassessments

83. Risk management activity (providing new information) that may lead to risk reduction:

A) Inspection
B) Analysis
C) Mitigation
D) None of these

Answer: A … Management of Risks (Risk Management thru Inspection) … Section 6.6.1

84. When calculating risk for each specific consequence, risk equations can be stated as:

A) Risk of specific consequence = Probability of specific consequence ÷ specific consequence

B) Risk of specific consequence = Probability of specific consequence + specific consequence
C) Risk of specific consequence = Probability of specific consequence – specific consequence
D) Risk of specific consequence = Probability of specific consequence × specific consequence

Answer: D … Ref: Section 12.2.2  Risk D/A/M … Calculate Risk (Specific Consequence)

85. Which of these statements is TRUE regarding effective risk assessments?

A) They should first determine the consequence of failure then the probability of failure
B) They should first determine the probability of failure then the consequence of failure
C) They should be a rational, logical, structured process that contains at least two steps
D) They should first determine if the risk is acceptable and then how big the risk is

Answer: C … (Basic Risk Assessment Concepts … What is Risk?) … Did you answer A or B?
Discussion: The Cheese* is a trick tactic used by API to list 2 opposing answers in the first two
possible answers A & B … Many ass/u/me 1 statement MUST be true … See Section 5.1

17
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
86. When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, all of the
following cost reduction benefits may be realized except:

A) Noninvasive insp methods may be substituted for invasive methods requiring equip shutdown
B) More effective infrequent inspection may be substituted for less effective frequent inspection
C) Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
D) Inspection of high-risk items may be eliminated or reduced

Answer: D … Ref: Para 7.2.5  Planning the RBI Assessment … Reduce Costs

87. Which of these may be performed to determine if the equipment may continue to be
safely operated when serious flaws are identified in the equipment?

A) A sensitivity analysis considering details of the damage mechanism

B) A Fitness-for-Service assessment per API 579-1/ASME FFS-1
C) A normal RBI assessment considering the POF and COF
D) None of these

Ans: B, Par 14.3  Evaluating Flaws for Fitness-For-Service  API 579-1/ASME FFS-1

88. The primary product of an RBI effort should be:

A) Inspection plan for every equipment item

B) Inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated
C) Inspection plan for each high risk equipment item evaluated
D) None of these are correct

Answer: B … Management of Risks (Use RBI to establish Insp plans/priorities) Sect 6.6.2

89. API 580 provides information on using risk analysis to:

A) Develop an RBI Program

B) Assist PSM Programs using RBI
C) Develop an effective Inspection Plan
D) Develop an optimized Inspection Program

Answer: C … (Introduction Section 1 … API 580)

90. Key process parameters for IOWs should be identified and implemented, upper and
lower limits established, as needed, and deviations from these limits should be:

A) Brought to the attention of Operations Management

B) Brought to the attention of Inspection/Engineering personnel
C) Brought to the attention of the entire RBI responsible for an assessment
D) Acted on immediately to assure that key IOW process limits are never exceeded

Answer: B, Par 14.8  Emergency Isolation Location & Operation of isolation valves

18
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
91. The logical progression after completing the risk analysis is to:

A) Develop an inspection plan & if needed, perform other mitigation actions

B) Follow an effective inspection plan & if needed, perform other mitigation actions
C) Develop an inspection plan & if needed, other mitigation actions, & evaluate residual risk
D) Follow an effective inspection plan & if needed, other mitigation actions, & evaluate the risk

Answer: C … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4  Only C is the most correct!

92. In jurisdictions allowing API code/Std use, RBI should be an acceptable method for:

A) Meeting all jurisdictional code and legal requirements

B) Exceeding all jurisdictional code and legal requirements
C) Establishing Inspection plans and setting Inspection due dates
D) None of these is correct

Ans: C … Mgmt of Risks (Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements)  Section 6.8

93. When equipment deterioration has reached a point that the risk of failure cannot be
managed to an acceptable level, what is often the only way to mitigate the risk?

A) Replacement or repair of equipment

B) Reduce magnitude of COF
C) Mitigate primary COF
D) Decommissioning

Answer: A … Par 14.2  Equipment Replacement & Repair  Common Sense Really

94. Which statement is false regarding RBI documentation and recordkeeping?

A) It is important that sufficient information is fully captured to document RBI assessments

B) RBI methodology used (type of assessment performed) should be documented clearly
C) A record of the team members (and their skill sets) involved should be documented
D) Persons responsible for implementation of any mitigation shall be documented

Answer: D, Sect 17.1 General Knowledge  Should be documented  No SHALLs in 580

95. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, equipment or component to perform

its required function of containment of fluid (i.e. loss of containment) is called:

A) Deterioration
B) Degradation
C) Failure
D) Damage

Ans: C … Definition  Par 4.1.18  Know the difference between deterioration & failure!
Failure = termination of the ability … Deterioration = reduction of the ability

19
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
96. For a specific damage mechanism, what should be taken into account when considering
the probability of incidents in the aftermath of an equipment failure?

A) The expected mode of failure

B) The probability of each credible consequence scenario
C) The probability of each credible consequence scenario and the expected mode of failure
D) None of these are correct

Ans: A … Ref: Section 12.2.1  Risk D/A/M … Probability of a Specific Consequence

97. RBI is a dynamic tool that can:

A) Provide past, present and future risk evaluations

B) Provide current and projected future risk evaluations
C) Mitigation for all equipment using inspection in the facility
D) None of these is correct

Answer: B … Par 15.2  4 items (RBI is … MUST KNOW)

98. RBI is based on sound and proven:

A) Risk analysis principles

B) Risk management principles
C) Risk analysis and risk management principles
D) Risk assessment and risk management principles

Answer: D … (Ref: Purpose Section 1.2, Last Paragraph  RBI Benefits & Limitations)

99. QRA uses logic models that show:

A) Progression of accidents and the release of hazardous material to the environment

B) Combinations of events that could result in severe accidents
C) Progression of accidents only
D) Root Cause of accidents only

Answer: B … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

100. The effectiveness of future inspections can be optimized by:

A) Use standard NDE methods for all DMs

B) Adjusting the inspection frequency only
C) Adjusting the inspection coverage only
D) None of the above are correct

Ans: D  They are all limitations! Ref: 10.4.4  Quantify Effectiveness Past Insp Program
Adjusting inspection coverage, adjusting inspection frequency or some combination thereof

20
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
101. Who is responsible for the formation of the team and verifying that the team members
have the necessary skills, experience and knowledge?

A) Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist

B) Process Specialist
C) Risk Analyst
D) Team Leader

Answer: D, Par 16.2.2  Team Leader  Main Function & Responsibilities

102. The primary work products of the RBI assessment and management approach are
plans that address ways to manage risks on:

A) A plant process unit level

B) An operating plant level
C) An equipment level
D) A component level

Answer: C … (Ref: Purpose Section 1.2, First Sentence  RBI Benefits & Limitations)

103. Although the qualitative approach is less precise than more quantitative approaches it
is effective in screening out units and equipment with:

A) High risk
B) Low risk
C) Medium risk
D) Any risk level

Answer: B … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.1 … Know Qualitative RBI approach

104. Regarding POF analysis, frequency is expressed as a:

A) Number of events
B) Fraction or Percentage
C) Number of events occurring during a specific time frame
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 10.2  Assessing POF  Units of measure in the POF Analysis

105. If a quantitative RBI study is conducted rigorously and properly, the resultant risk
number should be a fair approximation of the:

A) Residual risk
B) Absolute risk
C) Relative risk
D) Actual risk

Ans: D … Relative Risk vs. Absolute Risk  Sect 5.6  Actual risk of failure (loss of cont.)

21
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
106. The deterioration rate in specific process equipment is often not known with certainty.
The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by all of these items except:

A) Inspector’s expertise
B) Process and metallurgical variations
C) Equipment complexity and the type of damage mechanism
D) Inaccessibility for inspection, and limitations of inspection and test methods

Ans: A … Ref: 10.4.2  Assessing POF  Determine Deterioration, Susceptibility & Rate
Tricky question … Limitations in the Inspector’s expertise is a factor … Not his expertise!
An Inspector with “expertise” makes the right call! Expect to see this question on exam …

107. Regarding risk management with inspection, the quality of the inspection data and the
analysis or interpretation will greatly affect the level of:

A) Actual risk
B) Absolute risk
C) Unmitigated risk
D) Risk mitigation

Ans: D, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

108. An RBI plan provides the basis for sound management of integrity of fixed equipment
when combined with:

A) An optimized inspection program

B) Inspection planning using risk-based methods
C) An inspection plan using risk-prioritized and risk-informed methods
D) A comprehensive set of IOWs for each process unit & a rigorous MOC program

Answer: D … (Introduction Section for API 580)

109. The data within the RBI assessment can be useful in determining the optimum
economic strategy to:

A) Cut Inspection Costs

B) Reduce risk
C) Change Inspection Plans
D) Reduce inventories

Answer: B … Ref: Par 7.2.7  Plan RBI Assess. Identify Mitigation Alternatives

110. A synonym for probability recognized by API 580 but not used in the document is:

A) Likelihood B) Possibility
C) Chance D) Event

Answer: A … (Introduction Section for API 580) … ** Should know

22
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
111. Once probabilities of failure and failure mode(s) have been determined for the
relevant damage mechanisms, what should be the next item to be determined?
A) The consequence of each failure mode
B) The consequence of each potential failure
C) The probability of each credible consequence scenario
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … Ref: Section 12.2.1  Risk D/A/M …Probability of a Specific Consequence

112. Once the risk is known and the magnitude of the risk is established, it is time for:

A) Risk mitigation
B) Risk reduction
C) Risk management
D) Risk communication

Answer: C … (Basic Risk Assessment Concepts … Risk Mgmt. & Reduction) … Section 5.2

113. What is the basis for a Qualitative POF assessment using knowledge of the operating
history, future inspection and maintenance plans and possible materials deterioration?
A) Expert opinion
B) Inspector judgment
C) Engineering judgment
D) None of these

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 10.3.2  Assessing POF  Qualitative POF Analysis

114. The consequence analysis should address:

A) All credible estimates of details regarding DMs that can affect equipment
B) All credible failure modes to which the equipment item is susceptible
C) All realistic and significant DMs and failure modes
D) None of the above is correct

Answer: B … Ref: Section 11.1  Assessing COF  Introduction to Consequence Analysis

115. Regarding risk management with inspection, if inspection data that are gathered are
not properly analyzed and acted upon where needed, what will likely be the result?

A) Loss of containment
B) Significant increase in the absolute risk
C) Risk mitigation will not be achieved
D) Possible loss of containment & risk mitigation will not be achieved

Ans: C, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

23
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
116. The qualitative approach requires data inputs based on descriptive information using:

A) Expert opinion as the basis for risk rankings

B) Expert opinion as the basis for the analysis of POF & COF
C) Engineering judgment and experience as the basis for risk rankings
D) Engineering judgment and experience as the basis for the analysis of POF & COF

Answer: D … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.1 … Know Qualitative RBI approach

117. One goal of risk analysis is to communicate results in a common format that a variety
of people can understand. Which of the following is helpful in accomplishing this goal?

A) Using a risk matrix

B) Using a risk matrix or plot
C) Using a risk matrix or plot or schedule
D) Using a risk matrix, plot, graph or schedule

Answer: B … Ref: Sect 12.6.1  Risk D/A/M … Risk Presentation (general)

118. Without evaluation of insp. results and assessment of equipment Fitness-For-Service

after the inspection, what important risk management goal may not be accomplished?

A) Effective risk assessment

B) Effective risk reduction
C) Effective risk analysis
D) None of these are correct

Ans: B … Management of Risks (Evaluation & FFS Analysis per API 579-1) … Sect 6.6.3

119. This other mitigation method can reduce fire damage and minimize or prevent
escalation and greatly reduce the probability that a vessel exposed to fire will BLEVE:

A) Water Curtain
B) Water Spray/Deluge System
C) Blast-resistant Fireproofing Construction
D) None of these

Answer: B, Par 14.10  Emergency Isolation WATER SPRAY/DELUGE SYSTEM

120. An RBI assessment allows API 510/570/653 code users to plan inspection strategies
and:

A) Replace outdated time-based inspection frequencies with flexible RBI plans

B) Increase or decrease code designated inspection frequencies and activities
C) Decrease the code designated inspection frequencies and activities
D) Eliminate the code designated inspection frequencies and activities

Answer: B … (Forward Section … API 580 Forward Statements) … *** MUST KNOW

24
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
121. Per API 580, Damage mechanisms (DMs) include which of the following:

A) Corrosion, cracking, and metallurgical damage

B) Corrosion, cracking, mechanical/metallurgical damage
C) Corrosion, cracking, mechanical/metallurgical/environmental damage
D) Corrosion, cracking, mechanical/metallurgical/environmental damage, and stress rupture

Answer: B … Ref: Para. 9.1  DMs & Failure Modes  Introduction

122. A risk assessment and management process that is focused on loss of containment of
pressurized equipment in processing facilities, due to material deterioration is called:.

A) Risk-based Management
B) Risk-based Inspection
C) Risk Analysis
D) Risk Estimation

Answer: B … Definitions  Para. 4.1.40

123. Inspection may not be sufficient to manage risks to acceptable levels when:

A) Equipment is susceptible to failure mechanisms requiring specialized inspection to detect

B) Unacceptable levels of residual risk exist
C) Equipment is being placed into service
D) Risks are Consequence-dominated

Answer: D … Management of Risks (Other Risk Management) … Sect 6.6.4

124. Regarding risk management with Inspection, which of these statements is true
concerning a reduction in POF of a low POF item?

A) A reduction in POF of a low POF item is not achievable through inspection

B) A reduction in POF of a low POF item is usually easily achievable through inspection
C) A reduction in POF of a low POF item is usually difficult to achieve through inspection
D) A reduction in POF of a low POF item is extremely difficult to achieve through inspection

Ans: C, Par 13.2  RM w/Insp activities  Id Risk Mgmt Opportunities from RBI results

125. Physical manifestation of damage (wall thinning, pitting, cracking, rupture) is called:

A) A damage (or deterioration) mechanism

B) A damage (or deterioration) mode
C) Deterioration
D) Degradation

Answer: B … Definitions  Para 4.1.9  See also 4.1.8 & 4.1.12 (Tricky)

25
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
126. Regarding risk management with inspection activities, the correct application of
inspections will improve the API 580 user’s ability:

A) To plan and implement mitigation after predicted failure dates

B) To predict the damage mechanisms and rates of deterioration
C) To determine failure dates with greater probability
D) To determine failure dates with greater precision

Ans: B, Par 13.1  RM w/Insp activities  Manage risk by reducing uncertainty thru Insp

127. The Process of integrating inspection data or other changes into a risk analysis is
called:

A) Reassessment
B) Risk Management
C) Reintegration
D) Risk Mitigation

Answer: A … Definitions  Par 4.1.32  Reassessment  KNOW FIGURE 4

128. Which of these is NOT a key factor that can trigger an RBI reassessment?

A) Process and Hardware Changes

B) The Effect of Mitigation Strategies
C) RBI Program Data Validation Results
D) Damage Mechanisms and Inspection Activities

Ans: C, Par 15.2  4 items (RBI Reassessments Triggered)  Risk assess premise change

129. When tabulating results of a damage mechanisms and failure modes analysis for RBI,
which of the following should NOT be indicated?

A) A list of credible damage mechanism(s)

B) A list of credible damage mode(s) resulting from damage mechanisms(s)
C) A list of credible failure mode(s) resulting from the damage mechanisms(s)
D) A ranking of credible failure mode(s) that are resulting from the damage mode(s)

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 9.5  DMs & Failure Modes  Tabulating Results (DMs & FMs)

130. Quantitative models usually contain one or more standard failure scenarios or
outcomes and calculate COF based on all of the following except:

A) Type of process fluid in equipment & state of process fluid in the equipment (solid/liquid/gas)
B) Process operating variables (temp/press) & inventory available for release in event of a leak
C) Key properties of process fluid (boiling point, density, flammability, toxicity, etc.)
D) Failure mode and resulting deterioration

Answer: D … Ref: Section 11.2.3  Quantitative Consequences Analysis

26
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
131. RBI requires the commitment and cooperation of:

A) All of the RBI team including Management

B) Engineering & Inspection organizations
C) Entire Engineering organization
D) Entire Operating organization

Answer: D … (Ref: Sect 2.3 First Paragraph  Mechanical Integrity Focused)

132. Which statements is TRUE regarding Accuracy versus Precision in risk analysis?

A) Accuracy is a function of selected metrics & computational methods

B) Regarding risk analysis, there is little significant difference between accuracy & precision
C) Precision is a function of analysis methodology & quality of data & application consistency
D) RBI analysis accuracy depends on sound methodology/quality data/ knowledgeable personnel

Answer: D … Introduction to RBI … Sect 6.4 … Precision versus Accuracy

133. Organizations should be cautious not to assume that there is an unending capacity for
risk management through inspection, and should act (how) in assigning the level of risk
management achieved through inspection?

A) Cautiously and systematically

B) Deliberately and systematically
C) Cautiously and conservatively
D) Conservatively and systematically

Ans: B, Par 13.3  RM w/Insp activities  Estab Insp Strategy based on Risk Assessment

134. Who is generally responsible for gathering data on the condition and history of
equipment in the study?

A) Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist

B) Process Specialist
C) Risk Analyst
D) Team Leader

Ans: A, Par 16.2.3  Equip Inspector/Insp Specialist  Responsibilities He + Corr SP

135. A level of an unmitigated risk should be used to evaluate the:

A) Time to perform an inspection
B) Urgency for performing an inspection
C) Interval for performance of an inspection
D) None of these are correct

Ans: B … Management of Risks (Use RBI to establish Insp plans/priorities) … Sect 6.6.2

27
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
136. A complete RBI program provides a consistent methodology for assessing the
optimum combination of:

A) Methods and frequencies of inspection

B) Methods and analysis of inspection
C) Frequencies and analysis of inspection
D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … Inspection Optimization  Section 5.5

137. Generally, a qualitative analysis uses broad ranges that require which of the following
from the user when compared to a more quantitative approach?

A) A higher level of judgment, skill and understanding from the user

B) An equal level of judgment, skill and understanding from the user
C) A lesser level of judgment, skill and understanding from the user
D) None of these are correct, despite the simplicity of the approach

Answer: A … Ref: Para. 8.2.1  Data & Info Collection  Qualitative RBI Data Needs

138. A Hazard and operability study (HAZOP study) is a form of:

A) Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA)

B) Process Safety Management (PSM)
C) Process Hazards Analysis (PHA)
D) Risk Analysis

Answer: A … Definitions  Para 4.1.22  HAZOP … MUST KNOW THIS ONE!!!

139. Consequences of releasing a hazardous material can be estimated in all of these steps
below except for one false statement (Not one of the six steps).

A) Estimate the release rate and the total volume of fluid that will be released from equipment
B) Determine if fluid is dispersed in a rapid manner (instantaneous) or slowly (continuous)
C) Determine if the fluid disperses in the atmosphere as a liquid or a gas
D) Estimate planned mitigation system impacts and estimated costs

Answer: D … Ref: Section 11.6  Determination of COF

140. RBI is synonymous with inspection planning using:

A) Risk Analysis
B) Risk-based methods
C) Risk Analysis and Risk management
D) Risk-prioritized and risk-informed inspection

Answer: B … (Introduction Section for API 580)

28
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
141. A QRA shares many of the same techniques and data requirements as a(n):

A) Traditional risk analysis

B) Detailed risk analysis
C) Detailed risk comparison
D) RBI Analysis

Answer: D … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.2 … Know Quantitative RBI approach

142. Which statement is false regarding main function & responsibility of a Team Leader?

A) He should integrate inputs, outputs, organizational structure, & communications of his team
B) He assures a study is conducted properly & prepares an assessment report & distributes it
C) He forms the team & verifies members have necessary skills, experience and knowledge
D) He follows up to assure that an appropriate risk analysis has been performed

Answer: D … Par 16.2.2  Team Leader  Main Function & Responsibilities  Follows
up to assure that appropriate risk mitigation actions have been implemented

143. Process of selection and implementation of measures to modify risk is called:

A) Risk mitigation
B) Risk reduction
C) Risk avoidance
D) Risk management

Answer: A … Definitions, etc  Par 4.1.48 Risk Mitigation = actual measure taken to
modify risk  Non-inspection mitigation measures are in Section 14 (must know)

144. The precision of the data collected should be consistent with the:

A) Approach selected (equipment, system, process unit, facility)

B) Inspection planning and assessment methodology
C) RBI method used
D) Level of the risk

Answer: C … Ref: Para. 8.1  Data & Information Collection  General

145. Risk-based inspection is a tool to provide:

A) A management strategy for the risks of loss of containment of equipment

B) An assessment of the risks of loss of containment of equipment
C) An estimate of the risks of loss of containment of equipment
D) An analysis of the risks of loss of containment of equipment

Answer: D … Ref: Section 12.3.1  Risk D/A/M … Risk Acceptance

29
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
146. Regarding reassessments, it is important to maintain and update an RBI program to
ensure that:

A) All past and present inspection, process, and maintenance information is included
B) The most recent inspection, process, and maintenance information is included
C) All inspection, process, and maintenance assumptions are included
D) None of these

Answer: B, Par 15.1  RBI Reassessments  Most recent information is vital

147. Inspection procedures and the actual inspection practices can impact the ability of
inspection activities to:

A) Identify damage mechanisms

B) Identify and measure damage mechanisms
C) Identify, measure and/or monitor damage mechanisms
D) None of the above are correct

Answer: C, Par 13.4  RM w/Insp activities Managing Risk with Inspection Activities

148. Risk should be determined by combining the POF and the COF and the general form
of the risk equation should be:

A) Risk = Probability ÷ Consequence B) Risk = Probability + Consequence

C) Risk = Probability – Consequence D) None of these are correct

Answer: D … Ref: Section 12.1  Risk Determination/Assessment/Mgmt

149. The consequence analysis in an RBI program is performed to provide discrimination

between equipment items on the basis of the:

A) Significance of a potential failure

B) Both the COF and the POF
C) COF only
D) POF only

Answer: A … Ref: Section 11.1  Assessing COF  Introduction to Consequence Analysis

150. Risk is the combination of the probability of some event occurring during a time
period of interest and the:
A) Consequences associated with the event
B) Likelihood of a failure
C) Probability of a failure
D) Consequence of failure

Answer: A … (Basic Risk Assessment Concepts … What is Risk? … Section 5.1)

30
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
151. The purpose of API 580 is to provide users with the basic elements needed to:

A) Develop, implement and maintain an optimized Inspection program using RBI

B) Develop and maintain an RBI Program managed with risk-prioritized inspection plans
C) Develop, implement & maintain an RBI Program & develop/implement Inspection Program
D) Develop, implement & maintain an optimized Inspection Program using risk-based Insp Plans

Answer: C … (Ref: Purpose Section 1.1, First Para.)

152. A logical & structured process for planning & evaluating inspection activities for
pressure equipment is:

A) Risk Analysis
B) RBI
C) Inspection Planning
D) Mitigation

Ans: B … Management of Risks (Use RBI to establish Insp plans/prioroties) … Sect 6.6.2

153. The consequence effects for loss of containment can be generally considered to be in all
the following categories except:

A) Safety, health, and environmental impact

B) Maintenance and reconstruction costs
C) Production losses
D) Inspection costs

Answer: D … Ref: Section 11.1.2  Loss of Containment

154. A thing or activity with a potential for consequence is called a:

A) Source
B) Hazard
C) Risk
D) None of these

Answer: A … Def.  Par 4.1.51  Source in a Safety Context is a “HAZARD”  4.1.21

155. COF analysis should be performed to estimate the consequences that occur due to:

A) Either a failure mode or deterioration typically resulting from an identified DM(s)

B) A failure mode typically resulting from an identified damage mechanism(s)
C) Deterioration typically resulting from an identified damage mechanism(s)
D) None of these are correct

Answer: B … Ref: Section 11.1  Assessing COF  Introduction to Consequence Analysis

31
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
156. Who is responsible for verifying that equipment repairs/replacements/additions have
been included in the equipment condition data supplied by the equipment inspector?

A) Operations & Maintenance personnel

B) Process Specialist
C) Risk Analyst
D) Team Leader

Ans: A, Par 16.2.6  Ops & Maint Personnel  ResponsibilitiesThey verify data from
Inspection regarding equipment repair/replacement/mods is correct  No unauthorized or
undocumented work  BAD MAINT GROUPS REPAIR EQUIP with NO records or data

157. An expected outcome from application of RBI process should be linkage of risks with:

A) Appropriate inspection, process control or other risk mitigation activities to manage the risks
B) Process controls or other risk mitigation activities to effectively reduce or eliminate the risks
C) Appropriate inspection, process control or other risk mitigation activities to control the risks
D) Process controls or other risk mitigation activities to effectively reduce or control the risks

Answer: A … Ref: Purpose Sect. 1.1, 2nd Para  EXPECTED OUTCOME FROM RBI

158. The acronym QRA is short for:

A) Qualitative risk analysis

B) Quantitative risk analysis
C) Semi-Quantitative risk analysis
D) Qualitative risk assessment

Answer: B … Definitions  Par 4.1.31  Definition of Quantitative Risk Analysis

159. Impending failure of pressure equipment is not avoided by inspection activities unless
the inspection precipitates risk mitigation activities that change the:

A) COF
B) POF
C) Design premise
D) None of these

Answer: B … Management of Risks (Risk Management thru Inspection) … Section 6.6.1

160. Deterioration rate can be expressed in terms of:

A) Loss rate in mils per year & high/med/low probability for environmental cracking (SCC)
B) Loss rate in mils per year & active/aggressive probability for environmental cracks (SCC)
C) Corrosion rate (for thinning) or Susceptibility (for DMs having unknown deterioration rates)
D) High, medium or low based on environmental conditions/construction material combinations

Ans: C … Ref: 10.4.2  Assessing POF  Determine Deterioration, Susceptibility & Rate

32
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
161. Examples of failure modes include all of the following except:

A) Leakage (pinhole leak, small to moderate leak, large leak)

B) Ductile rupture
C) Brittle fracture
D) Cracking

Answer: D … Ref: Para. 9.3  DMs & Failure Modes  Failure Modes

162. Which element (if any) is missing from API 580 Figure 4 block diagram shown above?

A) Risk analysis validation

B) Risk Assessment
C) Reassessment
D) No elements are missing

Ans: C … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.4 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

163. QRA generally uses analysis logic models to estimate the frequency of each incident
sequence using what is known as:

A) Probability trees & decision trees

B) Probability trees & fault trees
C) Logic trees & decision trees
D) Event trees & fault trees

Answer: D … Definitions  Par 4.1.31  Definition of Quantitative Risk Analysis

164. Integration of other efforts (PHA, IOWs, RCM) with RBI is the key to the success of:

A) Risk-based Inspection Programs

B) Risk Management Programs
C) Risk Mitigations
D) Risk Analysis

Answer: B … (Ref: Sect 1.4, First Para.  RBI as an Integrated Management Tool)

165. The primary audience for API 580 is:

A) Insp & Engineering personnel responsible for equipment mechanical integrity & operability
B) Insp & Engineering & Materials Specialist personnel responsible for equipment design
C) Inspection/engineering personnel responsible for mechanical maintenance
D) None of these, because the audience is the total operating organization

Answer: A … (Ref: Sect 2.3 First Paragraph  Mechanical Integrity Focused)

33
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
166. Systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk is called:

A) Risk Mitigation
B) Risk Estimation
C) Risk Assessment
D) Risk Analysis

Answer: D … Definitions  Para. 4.1.37

167. Information for RBI can be found in many places within a facility. It is important to
stress that the precision of the data should match:

A) The complexity of the RBI method used

B) The sensitivity of the data that is needed
C) Any data that overlaps the analysis
D) None of these is correct

Ans: A … Ref: Para. 8.5  Data & Info Collection  Sources of Site-Specific Data/Info

168. Understanding failure modes is important for all of the following reasons except:

A) The analysis of the COF

B) The selection of repair techniques
C) The ability to make run-or-repair decisions
D) The selection of appropriate inspection intervals/due dates, locations and techniques

Ans: D … Ref: Para. 9.1  DMs & Failure Modes  Introduction … D = correct answer
when we are discussing “Damage” Modes

169. Key elements of any RBI Program should include documented methods to determine:

A) POF only
B) POF & COF
C) COF only
D) None of these

Answer: B … Introduction to RBI … Section 6.1 … Both POF & COF

170. Before decisions are based on risk analysis, the risk analysis results should be:

A) Credible, repeatable and documented

B) Credible and repeatable only
C) Credible only
D) Validated

Answer: D … Overview of Risk Analysis  Section 5.4

171. In RBI, the risks are managed primarily through:

34
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
A) Process Safety Management
B) Equipment Inspection
C) Risk Mitigation
D) Risk Analysis

Answer: B … Definitions  MUST KNOW Para. 4.1.40

172. The combination of the probability of an event and its consequence is called:

A) Absolute risk
B) Estimated risk
C) Relative risk
D) Risk

Answer: D … Definitions  Para. 4.1.35

173. API 580 focuses on:

A) PHA or hazard and operability assessment (HAZOP)

B) Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)
C) Process Safety Management
D) Mechanical integrity

Answer: D … (Ref: Sect 2.3 First Para  Mech Integrity Focused) … ** Should Know

174. Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk.

A) Risk Estimation
B) Risk Management
C) Risk-Based Inspection
D) Risk identification

Answer: B … Definitions  Para 4.1.47

175. The overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation is called:

A) Risk-based Inspection
B) Risk Estimation
C) Risk Assessment
D) Risk Management

Answer: C … Definitions  Para. 4.1.38

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 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 1

176. API 580 Figure 1 presents curves showing reduction in risk that can be expected
when:

A) The degree and frequency of inspection are optimized

B) The degree and frequency of inspection are increased
C) The level of inspection does not become excessive
D) The degree of the risk is known and mitigated

Answer: B … Inspection Optimization  Section 5.5

177. The short vertical arrow below lower curve (above bottom line) in Figure 1 represents:

A) Total risk
B) Residual Risk
C) Inspection Frequency
D) Unmitigated Risk

Answer: B … Inspection Optimization  Section 5.5

36
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 2

178. All items that fall on or very near the line with the arrow (API 580 Figure 2) indicate:

A) Greater risk levels

B) Lesser risk levels
C) Roughly equivalent risk levels
D) None of these

Answer: C … Consequence & Probability for RBI … Section 6.2 … Know Risk Plot details

179. Which statement is correct (See API 580 Figure 2 above)?

A) Figure 2 is a Qualitative Risk Matrix and the arrow designates a residual risk line
B) Figure 2 is a Quantitative Risk Plot and the arrow designates an ISO-risk line
C) Figure 2 is a Qualitative Risk Plot and the arrow designates an ISO-risk line
D) None of these is correct

Answer: B … Consequence & Probability for RBI … Section 6.2 … Know Risk Plot details

37
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 3

180. Which statement is correct (See API 580 Figure 3 above)?

A) Figure 3 is a Qualitative Risk Plot and the arrow designates an ISO-risk line
B) Figure 3 is a Quantitative Risk Plot and the arrow designates an ISO-risk line
C) Figure 3 is a Continuum of RBI approaches and the right side shows a Qualitative approach
D) Figure 3 is a Continuum of RBI approaches and the right side shows a Quantitative approach

Ans: D … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

181. Which statement is correct (API 580 Figure 3 above) for the vertical line (right side)?

A) This vertical line designates a Continuum of RBI approaches

B) This vertical line designates the detail of RBI analysis
C) This vertical line designates an ISO-risk line
D) This vertical line designates residual risk

Ans: B … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

38
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 4

182. The dotted line (square) surrounding COF & POF (API 580 Figure 4 above) indicates:

A) RBI Planning process

B) Risk assessment process
C) Risk analysis process
D) Risk Estimation process

Ans: B … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.4 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

183. Which element (if any) is missing from API 580 Figure 4 block diagram shown above?

A) Risk analysis validation

B) Risk Assessment
C) Reassessment
D) No elements are missing

Ans: C … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.4 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

39
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 5

184. API 580 Figure 5 above illustrates:

A) A fault tree
B) An event tree
C) Logic Model for POF
D) Determination of COF

Ans: D … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.4 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

40
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 6

185. API 580 Figure 6 above illustrates an example of:

A) A fault tree
B) An event tree
C) Logic Model for COF
D) Calculating the probability of a specific consequence

Ans: D … Types of RBI Assessment … Sect 6.3.4 … Know Continuum of RBI approaches

186. Using API 580 Figure 6 above, the probability of a fire:

A) Equals the numeric value 1 minus the probability of ignition

B) Equals the numeric value 1 minus the probability of non-ignition
C) Equals the Probability of failure times the probability of an ignition
D) Equals the Probability of failure divided by the probability of ignition

Answer: C … Sect 12 Figure 6 & Example & Note! …

187. What is the probability of a fire if the analysis showed a value of 0.001 (POF) per year
and a value of 0.01 for an ignition?

A) 1 times 10-5 or 1 chance in 1,000,000 B) 1 times 10-5 or 1 chance in 100,000

C) 1 times 10-5 or 1 chance in 10,000 D) None of these are correct

Answer: B … Sect 12 Figure 6 & Example & Note! …

188. What is the probability of NO FIRE if the analysis showed a value of 0.001 (POF) per
year and a value of 0.01 for an ignition?

A) 0.9999 per year B) 0.99999 per year

C) 0.999999 per year D) None of these are correct

Answer: B … Figure 6 & Example & Note! Probability of all consequence must equal 1.0!
Solution = 0.00001 (Probability of fire) + value “x” = (Probability of no fire) must equal 1.0
1.0 minus 0.00001 equals 0.99999  5 numbers to left of “decimal” … So “B” is correct

41
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 7

189. API 580 Figure 7 above illustrates:

A) A risk analysis tool B) A quantitative risk plot

C) A qualitative risk matrix D) None of these is correct

Answer: C … Figure 7 … An Example Risk Matrix Using Probability and Consequence

Categories to Display Risk Rankings

190. API 580 Figure 7 above illustrates an example:

A) Quantitative risk plot using probability and consequence categories

B) Quantitative risk plot using probability and consequence categories to display risk rankings
C) Qualitative risk matrix using probability and consequence categories to display risk rankings
D) None of these is correct

Answer: C … Figure 7 … An Example Risk Matrix Using Probability and Consequence

Categories to Display Risk Rankings

191. API 580 Figure 7 numbers 1 – 5 above illustrate:

A) Probability category B) Consequence category

C) Probability risk rankings D) Consequence risk rankings

Answer: A … Figure 7 … An Example Risk Matrix Using Probability and Consequence

Categories to Display Risk Rankings

192. API 580 Figure 7 the LETTERS A – E above illustrate:

A) Probability category B) Consequence category

C) Probability risk rankings D) Consequence risk rankings

Answer: B … Figure 7 … An Example Risk Matrix Using Probability and Consequence

Categories to Display Risk Rankings

42
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 FIGURE 8

193. API 580 Figure 8 above illustrates:

A) A risk analysis tool B) A quantitative risk plot

C) A qualitative risk matrix D) None of these is correct

Answer: B … Figure 8 … Risk Plot when using qualitative or numeric values

194. Which of the numbers indicate unacceptable risk?

A) Item 2 only B) Items 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, & 10

C) Items 1 & 2 only D) None of these are correct

Answer: D … Figure 8 … Risk Plot when using qualitative or numeric values  1, 2 & 3

195. API 580 Figure 8 above illustrates an arrow pointing to the:

A) ISO-risk line B) Probability of failure

C) Consequence of failure D) None of these is correct

Answer: A … Figure 8 … Risk Plot when using qualitative or numeric values

196. Using API 580 Figure 8 above, what number illustrates the least risk?

A) The number 1 B) The numbers 1, 2 & 3

C) The number 10 D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … Figure 8 … Risk Plot when using qualitative or numeric values

43
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 TABLE 1

API 580 TABLE 2

197. API 580 Tables 1 & 2 above illustrate:

A) Units of measure in the POF analysis expressed as a frequency using quantitative ranking
B) Units of measure in the POF analysis expressed as a frequency using qualitative ranking
C) Probability ranking based on a sensitivity analysis using a quantitative approach
D) Probability of a specific event occurring based on a qualitative approach

Answer: B … Tables 1 & 2  Units of measure in a POF analysis

44
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)

API 580 TABLE 3

198. API 580 Table 3 above illustrates:

A) Units of measure in the probability of failure analysis expressed in dollar values ranking
B) Consequence ranking based on a sensitivity analysis using a quantitative approach
C) Consequence of a specific event occurring based on a qualitative approach
D) Cost used as an indicator of potential consequences

Answer: D … Table 3  COST as an indicator of potential consequences

199. A loss of 10 million dollars using the API 580 Table 3 illustration above would be:

A) Major loss B) Serious loss

C) Catastrophic loss D) Either a serious or major loss

Answer: A … Table 3  COST as an indicator of potential consequences

API 580 TABLE 4

200. API 580 Table 4 above illustrates:

A) Categorizing Safety, Health and Environmental Consequences using qualitative approach

B) Categorizing Safety, Health and Environmental Consequences using quantitative approach
C) An example output of Sensitivity analysis (Safety, Health and environmental consequences)
D) None of these is correct

Answer: A … Table 3  COST as an indicator of potential consequences

45
 API 580 EXAM F (200+ Q&A)
ALWAYS REMEMBER
Exam Tips:
Control “F” your 580 and type in these words:
 RBI is …
 RBI can …
 Example …
 Important and Key and Vital and Essential (almost same meaning)

So many good test Qs included these words

MUST KNOW
Know all figures & practice the calcs using a calculator …

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