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LIMITS & CONTINUITY-Classroom Upload-I

The document discusses limits, continuity, and series, providing various limit evaluation examples and the application of L'Hopital's Rule. It also covers the continuity of functions and identifies points of discontinuity. Additionally, it poses questions regarding the conditions for continuity and the evaluation of specific limits under different scenarios.

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yukti9b11432.sja
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3 views25 pages

LIMITS & CONTINUITY-Classroom Upload-I

The document discusses limits, continuity, and series, providing various limit evaluation examples and the application of L'Hopital's Rule. It also covers the continuity of functions and identifies points of discontinuity. Additionally, it poses questions regarding the conditions for continuity and the evaluation of specific limits under different scenarios.

Uploaded by

yukti9b11432.sja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIMITS,

CONTINUITY &
SERIES
Sydsaeter & Hammond-
Section 4.4, Chapter 6,
Section 7.5
Preliminary Definition of the Limit
Concept
Preliminary Definition of the Limit
Concept
Evaluate the following Limits

➢ lim (3𝑥 − 2) 3−𝑥


𝑥→3 ➢ lim
𝑥→3 𝑥−3
ℎ+1−1
➢ lim 3−𝑥−1
ℎ→0 ℎ ➢ lim
𝑥→2 2−𝑥

(𝑎𝑥−𝑏)2
➢ lim 𝑥 𝑛 −1
𝑥→∞ (𝑎−𝑥)(𝑏−𝑥) ➢ lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
3
27+ℎ−3
➢ lim ➢ lim
𝑎1 𝑥+𝑏1
−
𝑎1
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥→∞ 𝑎2 𝑥+𝑏2 𝑎2
Function increases without bound
as x tends to a either from the
right or left.
𝑓 𝑥 → ∞ as 𝑥 → 𝑎
Hence since f(x) does not tend to
a finite number as x tends to a,
the limit does not exist.
Check if the following limits exist

𝑥+|𝑥| 4𝑥+|𝑥|
➢ lim ➢ lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 3𝑥−2|𝑥|

1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 4 3𝑥+2|𝑥|
➢𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ ➢ lim
−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4 𝑥→1 5𝑥−3|𝑥|

𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
➢𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ
𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
Check if the following limits exist

1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 4
➢𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ
−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4

𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
➢𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ
𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑥 2 +𝑥−56
➢ lim
𝑥→7 𝑥−7
L’Hopital’s Rule

If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable at a with


𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑔(𝑎) = 0 and 𝑔’(𝑎) ≠ 𝟎 then
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒂)
lim =
𝒙→𝒂 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈′(𝒂)
Theorem: L’Hopital’s Rule
Suppose that 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable in
an interval (𝜶, 𝜷) around 𝑎 except at 𝑎
and suppose that 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝑔(𝑥) both tend
to 0 as 𝑥 tends to 𝑎.
If 𝒈′(𝒙) ≠ 𝟎 for all 𝒙 ≠ 𝒂 in (𝜶, 𝜷) and if
𝒇′(𝒙)
lim = 𝑳, 𝑳 finite, 𝑳 = ∞ o𝐫 𝑳 = −∞
𝒙→𝒂 𝒈′(𝒙)
then
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒂)
lim = lim =𝑳
𝒙→𝒂 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒙→𝒂 𝒈′(𝒂)
Evaluate the following Limits

➢ lim 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→0

1 𝑥
➢ lim 1 +
𝑥→∞ 𝑥

➢ lim 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥→∞
Evaluate the following Limits

ln(1+𝑥)
➢ lim
𝑥→0 𝑥

𝑒 1Τ𝑥 −1
➢ lim 1Τ𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑒 +1

➢ lim 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥→∞
Evaluate the following Limits

𝑎𝑥 −𝑏𝑥
➢ lim 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑒 −𝑒

10𝑥 −2𝑥 −5𝑥 +1


➢ lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2

𝑎3𝑥 −𝑎2𝑥 −𝑎𝑥 +1


➢ lim
𝑥→0 2𝑥 2
Continuous Functions
Continuous Functions
Continuous Functions
Discuss the continuity of the function 𝑓 at 𝑥 = 0
defined as
𝟏ൗ
𝒆 𝒙
𝑓 𝑥 = ൞ 𝟏ൗ
, 𝑥≠𝟎
𝟏+𝒆 𝒙
𝟎, 𝑥=𝟎
Find the values of x (if any) at which f is not continuous and
determine whether each such discontinuity is removable .
𝑥2 − 4
𝑓 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 +𝑥−2
For what value of a is the following function
continuous for all 𝑥?
𝒂𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝑥≤1
𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 + 1, 𝑥>1
Let f be defined by 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 for 𝒙 < 𝟎 and
𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓 for 𝒙 > 𝟐. Can you define 𝑓(𝑥)
as a linear function on [0,2] so that f is
continuous for all x? (Ex. 6.3 Q8)
Graph the function and find the points of
discontinuity. Comment on the nature of
discontinuity.
2Τ3
𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ 𝑥 𝑥≤1
𝑥+1 𝑥 >1
Let 𝜷 and 𝜸 be positive constants.
𝟏−(𝟏+𝒗𝜷 )−𝜸
Find lim+
𝒗→𝟎 𝒗
Consider the three cases 𝜷 = 𝟏, 𝜷 > 𝟏 and 𝜷 < 𝟏
separately. (Ex. 7.5 Q4)

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